Saving the Earth and Its Creative Systems

This covers renewal of resources, reusing resources, recycling of resources, and reducing the use of resources. The ministry of science, technology and environment has been involved in the following activities: a) Publish and circulate pamphlets, posters and films regarding the environment b) Organize seminars, lectures, workshops, competitions as well as exhibitions pertaining to environmental issues.

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Currently the concept of the 4 Rs has been introduced to educate the public on the significance of recycling, reusing, reducing and renewing natural sources a) Recycling is a process whereby used materials like old papers, old books, magazines, card boards, aluminum cans and glass are collected and separated before being processed into new products. Old papers can be recycled into pulp and used for writing, printing etc.

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b) Reuse is to use again certain items like plastic containers, bottles and clothes instead of discarding them c) Reduce is to decrease the rate of utilizing certain items so that they can be sustained longer or reduce their usage especially if they are not biodegradable and likely to pollute the environment, for example plastic bags, containers etc c) Renew refers to the use of certain discarded materials after being reprocessed. For example metal scraps, zinc and alloys. All these practices will help sustain the natural resources and conserve energy.

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Preservation and Conservation of Soil, Water, Flora and Fauna of Forests and Mangrove Swamps

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Preservation means keeping something (soil, water, flora and fauna) in an unchanged condition or undisturbed. This involves protecting our ecosystem in such away so as not to deplete its natural resources as well as making efforts to maintain its balance. Conservation refers to the preservation of the natural environment. This involves our efforts to correct any imbalance in the ecosystem.

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It is essential to preserve the soil for agriculture. Preservation and conservation of soil involves the prevention of erosion and land slides. Farmers should practice crop rotation, contour farming, planting cover crops as well as control in the use of fertilizers. Water is an important basic requirement. Preservation of our water sources is very essential. Sources of water pollution include domestic waste, industrial waste and agricultural waste. They have to be guarded against by further enforcing legislation and educating the public.

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Forest conservation is essential because its vast species of flora and fauna provide mankind with food, medicine oils, resins, rattans and gums. Conservation of forests involves selective logging of trees and replanting schemes. Steps have been taken to conserve nature by gazette certain large tracts of land as forest reserves. This is to preserve environmental quality.

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Mangrove swamps are very rich in biodiversity. They also protected the coastal regions from the effects of erosion by the sea waves. Thus mangrove forests should be preserved and conserved to benefit and protect mankind and his environmental.

The Practice of Biological Control

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Biological control refers to the technique of using the natural predators or parasites of pests to control their population. Biological control can preserve our environment in a way which the use of pesticides (chemical) will not. Pesticides are chemicals sprayed on plants. This will pollute the air, the soil and eventually the waters. Example of biological control includes the following: a) ladybirds can be used to control the aphid population. Aphid is a parasite that feed on plant juices b) the use of a type of virus to control rabbit population in Australia. These wild rabbits are pests consuming vegetation. The virus causes a disease known as ‘myxomatosis’ c) owls are used to control rats in oil palm plantations as well as in paddy fields.

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Pesticides are not selective in killing the pests. The harmless organisms which may be the natural enemy of the pest are killed as well. The constant use of pesticides will results in the pests acquiring resistance towards them. High concentrations of pesticide are required to be effective in eliminating the pests. The residual effects of these pesticides (chemical) as they go through the food chains and accumulate in the tissues of consumers will affect the organisms. They could die of the toxicity of the chemicals.

The Use of Renewable Energy

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Renewable energy is one that originates from naturally occurring processes and can be used as an alternative source. Man has been and still is over dependant on fossil fuels for his energy source. Fossil fuels include petroleum, natural gas and coal. These sources are none-renewable and can one day be totally depleted. Renewable energy can never be depleted and does not pollute the environment. Thus it is beneficial to mankind to harness this source of energy.

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Renewable energy includes solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, wave energy, hydroelectric energy and biomass energy. Electrical energy and solar energy can be utilized to operate vehicles without polluting the environment. Solar cells can be used in homes and buildings to generate electrical energy. Windmills are used in some countries for crop irrigation purpose. Decomposing organic matter releases methane a bio-gas can be used as a source of fuel for heating and generating electricity

The Efficient Use of Energy

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Using alternative sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, wave energy and biomass energy, which are all renewable sources of energy, will benefit mankind as well as his environment. Fuel efficiency has to be improved and increased in vehicles and factories. Gasoline can be used as fuels in vehicles.