Criminology of Computer Crime

The digital age has fueled an explosion in global communications and the availability of information; however, it also has led to a rise in computer-related crimes. Criminologists have noted a growth in cybercrime and report that government authorities alone cannot solve the problem.

Types

A study from the Australian Institute of Criminology states that computer criminals can commit a wide variety of crimes, but that for many activities the medium, rather than the act itself, is new. Types of computer crimes include service theft, piracy and forgery, distributing offensive materials, fraud and electronic acts of vandalism or terrorism.

Theories/Speculation

The Australian Institute of Criminology suggests that computer crime may be explained by the following factors: motivation, opportunity and limited control over such crimes. Motivations may include greed or revenge—common motivations for other types of crime. The growth of digital technology has expanded opportunities for computer crimes. Further, the study’s authors point out limited control by authorities—what criminologists call a lack of guardianship.

Size

The Australian researchers point out that computer crimes defy quantification because in many cases the victims may never detect the actions. Further, some victims may not report incidents to avoid embarrassment.

Prevention/Solution

Law enforcement alone cannot prevent or control so-called cybercrimes because governments have only limited capacity over the Internet and information technology. The Australian researchers suggest that overregulation by government could stifle technological innovation and commercial activity. They conclude that control and reduction of computer crime requires a combination of law enforcement and technological solutions. Examples of the latter include improved online security systems and devices to detect anomalies, such as questionable or unusual online activity.