Importance of Forensic Investigation Process

Put simply, forensic science is a study that applies to criminal and civil laws. Our society has become complex, with rates of increase in crime all over the world. It is even difficult for the government to regulate the activities of all human beings in the country. The police, with the help of forensic science technology, carry out the functions of research, in order to stem the tide of criminal activities in the country. Thus, it ensures the smooth functioning of government, to some extent. Forensic science technology helps determine the food quality and potency of drugs, regulating automobile emissions, the use of fuel oils, pesticides, etc. Imagine, without the help of forensic science, how could this be monitored?

The American Academy of Forensic Sciences is the largest organization in the world that deals with forensics. Forensic science is a very broad topic under study in various courses such as pathology, anthropology, toxicology, and digital media sciences, behavioral sciences, engineering sciences, researchers, etc. in the process of criminal forensic science is applied different principles to detect the criminals involved in the crime. Most of us are familiar with these techniques by the influence of the books of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle detective, representing the methods of forensic investigation through the popular fictional character, Sherlock Holmes.

Examination of documents
By examining the ink and paper used in documents, you may find the moment of writing the document. This is passed through ultraviolet, visible and infrared rays, through the document and analysis of the luminescence of the reflected light. UV absorption spectroscopy and visible are used in the analysis of documents. In this spectroscopic analysis, ultraviolet and visible light allowed to pass through the organic matter, and the wavelength and the amount of light absorbed by organic matter is measured. Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared scans absorbed by the material of paper and ink used in the document. Watermarks in paper and material composition of paper, mark an important record in the analysis of documents.

The face identification technique
Face identification technique involves the study of video and photographic comparison of the suspect, the skull-photo superimposition, restoration and reconstruction facial face. The image of the skull is outlined either on paper or on a computer and this will give the vision of two dimensions of the skull. Tissues are superimposed on the skull and the contour of the face is obtained. While drawing, forensic artists into account factors such as age, sex, injury, injuries, health conditions before death of the person, unique in the face, etc., but the method in three dimensions, in facial reconstruction, consists of the cost of an artist. Clay as a substance is superimposed on the skull by hand, and the contour of your face you get through this. Using computational methods, virtual image of the face can be generated.

Fingerprint analysis
The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) has all the fingerprint data that can be compared with fingerprint identification necessary for the person. The technique has been possible by the fact that all humans have a unique pattern of fingerprints. There are different patterns of fingerprints. They bow bow, tents, or radial ulnar loop, whirlpool, central pocket loop, double loop made, etcLa structure and pattern of the fingerprints are immutable and are considered worthy evidence in criminal investigations. Oblique illumination is used to illuminate the invisible traces on the surface. Lasers, ultraviolet, fluorescent lamps, etc., are also used to examine the fingerprints on a surface. Glue fuming fingerprint powders, small particle reagent, etc., are some of the other techniques used in the analysis of fingerprints.

Analysis of explosives and firearms
Gunpowder, bullets, guns, cartridges, etc, of a firearm are examined by firearms examiners. Fingerprints on firearms mostly not help, because there is a layer of oil for weapons in a gun, which makes the prints dark. Bullet analysis will serve as a good test, because the bullet may have tissue, blood, etc. on it. Firearms have different characteristics and that the bullet that shot the gun, will help determine the characteristics of the weapon fired. The residues after a trip to help determine the scope of the firearm. The variety of guns, bullets, cartridges, rifles, etc., makes it less difficult to identify the firearm and the person who fired the bullet.

The serological
Research related to serology performed by analysis of body fluids and tissues such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, urine, feces, etc. serology is very useful especially in sexual assault investigations. Identification of genetic markers is classified as classical markers and DNA analysis. The technique of classical markers includes examining red blood cell antigens, isoenzymes, serum, hemoglobin, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), etcEl DNA polymorphism is classified as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the reaction chain reaction (PCR), which aid in the study of DNA sequence.

Digital photography and image enhancement techniques
The image analysis method includes images, image authentication, image processing, personal identification, image compression, object recognition, data compression, technical studies, etc. Some pictures taken during the crime scene or of any research process, sometimes dark. To resolve this problem, forensic scientists in the field of digital imaging, make use of image enhancement techniques such as pixel expansion, deformation, rotation, roaming, sharpness, contrast stretching, the Voice Modeling reality, etc. For the clear voice recorded data, digital technology and noise reduction is used.

Forensic Phonetics
The speech signals that are transmitted through mobile phones, telephones, etc., are analyzed and recorded on tape. Then the signals are decoded electroacoustic speaker is identified. These evidences are vulnerable to manipulation and even the elimination of the recordings. Therefore, the authentication data is very important.