What are the Cultural Barriers for Native Americans and Hispanics Entering Science in Our Educational System

Etiquette

Spanish speakers tend toward formality in their treatment of one another. A firm handshake is a common practice between people as greeting and for leave-taking. In non-formal settings, conversations between Spanish speakers are usually loud, fast, and adorned with animated gestures and body language to better convey points. Other differences in the cultural values of Hispanics and “mainstream” America include the practice of “putting yourself forward.” This is considered a step toward excellence by many Americans, but is not taught or even considered by Hispanics. Many of the differences and conflicting values end up being barriers for Hispanics, and prevent them from succeeding in their educational and career endeavors.

Rituals and Religions

In the Hispanic world, religion has traditionally played a significant role in daily activity. The church influences family life and community affairs, giving spiritual meaning to the Hispanic culture. As in other parts of the world, traces of the religions of the Indians and African-Americans of Latin America are found in the Catholicism that Hispanics practice.

Teaching and Learning Implications

To fully engage Hispanic audiences in the learning process, particular attention should be given to gaining and maintaining trust. Greater acceptance of educational efforts will occur by learners if Hispanic community leaders are involved in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of these educational efforts. Be aware that the physical distance between Hispanics when holding a conversation is much closer than in other cultures. Exhibiting respect for learners is another important aspect of the Hispanic culture. Teachers need to pay individual attention to learners (e.g., greeting each learner, handing papers to each individual rather than passing them down the row, being sensitive to different cultures among Hispanics, writing educational materials at appropriate reading levels). Differences in educational levels, language skills, income levels, and cultural values among Hispanics need to be considered by Extension educators when planning educational programs. Even though Hispanics share the same language, their cultures may vary considerably.

Churches, local libraries, and recreational centers (with child-care arrangements, if needed) may be appropriate places to hold educational programs with Hispanic audiences. Among Hispanics, information is passed mostly by word of mouth. Grocery stores and churches are the main places people meet, visit, and exchange information.

These Hispanics have the lowest graduate rate of any population in the U.S.; many leave school after the sixth grade. They spend little time discussing positive educational experiences with their children, primarily because they have had few such experiences. The life expectancy of a migrant worker is 49, compared to 75 for other citizens. Repeating cycles of ignorance, lack of self-respect, menial job skills, poor medical care, poverty and early pregnancies dominate migrant communities (Hodgkinson & Outtz, 1996).