Antarctica
by The name comes from Greek and means the other hand, the Arctic. These are the polar ice and eternal darkness, which does not belong to any country of the world and is intended primarily for scientific research in the fields of planetary geology, hydrology, climatology and studies of meteorites. The Antarctic lives about five thousand inhabitants.
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Land area is 14,000,000 km ² (the figure is approximate because the continent consists of large bays and shelves). The territory is divided into West and East Antarctica, these two halves are divided Transantarktickým mountains.
Antarctica is the coldest continent on earth, in winter there was measured an average temperature of -60 ° C in summer between -10 and -40 ° C. The lowest recorded temperature in the world -89.2 ° C was measured in 1983 at the Russian Vostok research base. The animals live in Antarctica only two types of gulls and penguins, but they can be found here three kinds of flowering plants. Many animals live in the seas.
Continent discovered researchers from 18 century
Polynesian and Maori are given as the first people who crossed the Antarctic Circle. Even when James Cook arrived in 1773 to the icy hill that surrounds the continent of Antarctica as the date of discovery of the 28th states January 1820 Bellingshausen expedition. After they have already begun to appear British, Russian, American and French expeditions, which are slowly approaching the continent.
Finally conquered the South Pole in 1911 Norwegian Roald Amundsen. After him came next to pole expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott, but all of the expedition perished on the return journey. Expeditions that followed them, have used techniques such as icebreakers, aircraft and tracked vehicles.
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