Civil Rights Act of 1866 vs.. Civil Rights Act of 1968

          The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was an act that prohibited racial discrimination in housing.  This act was challenged in Buchanan vs. Warley.  In this case, the Court ruled that there should be no segregated areas.  The act was again challenged in the case of Shelley vs.  Kramer.  The Court ruled that restrictive covenants were not allowed.  To clear things up, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was revised by the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.  This act prohibited discrimination concerning the rental, saling, and financing of housing based on age, race, religion, or ethnicity.  This new Civil Rights Act was challenged by the case of Jones vs. Mayer.  The Court ruled that it was constitutional for Congress to regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination.

          Since Blacks couldn’t be denied housing in all White neighborhoods due to the decisions made by the Supreme Court, Whites began to deny funding of all Black neighborhoods.  This process is known as redlining and it operated under the Federal Housing Authority.  To make up for the lack of funding in these neighborhoods, the Neighborhood Improvement Association reached out their hand to help.  Due to the mistreatment of Blacks in public housing by the Whites, spatial isolation began to occur among Blacks.