Federal Periods of Us (1781-1895) – US History / Final

In 1781, the colonists prepared a Union through the  Articles  of Confederation, but it can only last for six years. Most of the power handed over to  the states, and few possessed the power of  central government. In addition, there is no president. Articles of Confederation also can not stop the  Native Americans or the British at the border, and also unable to stop the rebellion as Shays Rebellion ‘. After Shays rebellion ‘, many people feel Articles of Confederation  had failed.

United States Constitution was written in 1787. Figures who helped write the constitution, such as Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Gouverneur Morris, a major American thinkers of the time. Some leaders will hold an important position in the new government. This Constitution established a national government that is stronger and has three branches: executive (President and his cabinet), Legislative (House of Representatives and Senate rayat), and judicial (the federal court). The Constitution was ratified by the states in 1788.

George Washington

In 1789, Washington was elected first president. In his tenure, the Whiskey Rebellion broke out. Farmers in the countryside trying to stop collecting the tax on whiskey. In 1795, Congress approved the Jay Treaty, which opened trade with Britain. The treaty was made with the aim of improving relations with Britain.
In election 1796, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson. This election is an election between two political parties in the United States first. As president, Adams made the Army and Navy of the United States became more, but also passed a law to shut down newspapers that write bad things about him.

Jefferson defeated Adams in the election in 1800. One important thing to do as president is to buy Louisiana from France. Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to map the Louisiana Purchase. President Jefferson also tried to stop trading with Britain and France, who was involved in the war. War erupted between the United States and Britain in 1812 when James Madison was president. This war called the War of 1812.

Expansion, industrialization, and slavery (1815-1861)

One of the problems in this period was slavery. In 1861, more than three million African-American slaves in the South. Most of the work picking cotton on large plantations. South wanted slavery to remain, while the North tried to end it.

After the War of 1812, the American experience “Era of Good Feelings” under President James Madison and James Monroe. Under Monroe, U.S. policy in North America is the Monroe Doctrine, which states that the American continents should no longer colonized by European countries. During this addition, Congress asked “American system”, ie by spending funds to the banking, transportation, and communication, so that cities become larger and more factories are built. One of the major transportation project in this period is the Erie Canal in New York. In the 1840s, railways were also constructed. Thousands of miles of railway and telegraph lines had been built in the United States in 1860.

Industry in the United States is also growing. Many factories are built in the northeastern cities like Lowell, Massachusetts. Most factories produce garments. Most workers in the factory are women, and some were children of Irish and German. Despite industrialization, the livelihoods of the majority of Americans at that time were farmers.

In the early and mid-1800s, the Second Awakening Movement was launched. This movement started in New York revival movement is closely related to anti-slavery movement in the United States.

Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828. Most supporters are poor people who have never voted before, so he gave them a job as a “gift”. In addition, he also set a high import taxes that are not favored by the South. Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun, who came from the South, wrote that the South should stop the policy and leave the United States.

People began moving to the west of the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains at this time. The first people who moved to the West is a person who sells animal hides. In the 1840s, many people moved to Oregon, and more people move to the West after the California Gold Rush of 1849. Native Americans increasingly pressured by events such as the expulsion (the so-called Trail of Tears) and the Black Hawk War.

In 1845, Texas, who had left Mexico, joined the United States. Mexicans do not like this, and Americans want the Mexicans in the West Coast. As a result, the Mexican-American War erupted. The U.S. won this war, and acquire areas of California and the Southwestern United States. People in the North do not like this war, because they feel this war is only to benefit the South.

California Gold Rush occurred when some people go to the mountains in California to find gold, which began when James Wilson Marshall discovered gold while building a sawmill for John Sutter in 1848. Hundreds of thousands of people go to California. However, some people stay at home and open a store suppliers who equip them all with mine equipment.

Many people who become rich, but some are not. In addition to trying to find gold, some people started selling goods. Sometimes a woman can receive more than her husband’s mine. People like Levi Strauss also sell goods. He invented and sells denim jeans are made of. California Gold Rush ended in 1855, which at that time, gold miners to return home because gold is getting harder and harder to find.

Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848 between the United States and Mexico. The war originated from land disputes.

This war ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The agreement gives a lot of land to the United States from Mexico. In turn, Mexico received 15 million dollars. Outside the ground, the U.S. cut off-ngerat many states, including California, Arizona, and Utah.

American Civil War

Map of the division of state during the American Civil War. The blue color indicates the North Country (Union), light blue indicate members of the North Country that allows slavery, red color indicates the Confederation of American States, and white colors indicate states that did not join the American Civil War “]

In the 1840’s and 1850’s, North and South are less like each other because of various differences, such as:

    * Northern Economics based on the industry, while based on the agrarian South.
    * Northern State does not require a slave, while the South requires a slave. People in the South are also angry with such books as Uncle Tom’s Cabin which states that slavery is wrong.
    * North has the Republican Party, while the South has the Democratic Party.
    * Differences of views on the power of the federal government.

American Civil War was a war that occurred between 1861 and 1865 in the United States (U.S.). A group of states in the south want independence, while the government and the states in the north wanted to keep the U.S. intact.

American Civil War is one of the first war that shows war armaments industry in human history. Making railroads, steamships, mass production of weapons, and various other military equipment made in man-where. The practice of total war that was developed by Sherman in Georgia and the trench warfare around Petersburg became one of the tactics used in World War I in Europe.

Map of the division of state during the American Civil War. The blue color indicates the North Country (Union), light blue indicate members of the North Country that allows slavery, red color indicates the Confederation of American States, and white colors indicate states that did not join the American Civil War

Cause

In the South, many people who became slaves of others, and most of the work in the fields done by them. While the states in the north has decided to make a law that states that no one could have / enslave others. Northern countries called the “free state” and in the southern “slave state”. Moreover, most estates in the western U.S. has not been divided into states, but the territory, where non-indigenous population live. Unlike the state, territory that did not help decide who would be president and territories did not send representatives to Washington, DC to make laws across the country. Many white people who moved there and everyone agrees that one day all the territory it should be called the state. In the north, people want the states that became independent states. In the south, people want to be a slave state.