The Return of Science

Here is a flyover of the big European thinkers of modern epoch, and of revolutionary minds which prepared the ground for these discoveries.

The Italian thinkers had an impact on a series of scientific domains: Leonardo Fibonacci on mathematics, Galileo Galilei on astronomy, and Alessandro Volta on physics and electricity, to name only someone. The 20th century however knew also important Italian thinkers. Maria Montessori, at the beginning of the century – the first woman doctor in Italy – one of the first ones was to be studied in the field of the study of the children. Enrico Fermi, with his essential discoveries, innovated in the field of physics.

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Fermi, however, was not the only one to search answers in the field of physics; the Russian Pavel Cherenkov was a key cerebrum in this domain in 20th century. In the community of the philosophers, Ayn Rand, native to Russia, had a total impact on the audience having published the novels with political content, where she developed a philosophy ” objectiviste ” of human battle.

Three very known Swiss thinkers lived in 18th century: the big mathematician Leonhard Euler, the philosopher and literary genius Jean Jacques Rousseau, and the renowned chemist Daniel Bernoulli, who was the first to develop the mechanics of fluids. However, in 20th century, Carl Jung turned the microscope towards the human internal world and made important discoveries in human psychology.

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The Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein one of the biggest philosophical minds of the century. It cleared the way of modern logic and philosophy of language. Sigmund Freud, the renowned psychologist, and Kurt Gödel, the big physicist who gave us his ” Theorem of incompleteness ” came they too from Austria.

Hungarian Nicola Tesla is one of the scholars most admired by the 20th century because of her work in electrical engineering. John Von Neumann, Hungarian prodigy, is one of the pioneers in the theory of games, and in computer science; it also contributed in a important way to understand the quantum mechanics.

Poland was the country of one of the astronomers most with the aim of the history, Nicolas Copernic, which – 500 years ago – deepened our understanding of nature, by breaking with ancient comprehension and confusing certain dogmas. In 20th century, the Polish icon Mary Curie, innovated in medicine.

Several big British thinkers produced a significant impact during 20th century also. The logic of A.N. Whitehead and of Bertrand Russell at the beginning of the century prepares the way for the father of the modern computer: another English, Alan Turing. The physicist Paul Dirac who, in 20th century, was one of the founders of the relativist quantum theory, and Steven Hawking, which is the biggest specialist in our time in theoretical cosmology, both British men are. One of the most important discoveries of the 20th century, that of the double aircraft propeller of DNA, was made in England by the scholars Francis Crick and James Watson.

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The 20th century was not less prodigal in German thinkers. Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl were two of the fathers of modern logic. Their theories contributed to the development of the computer later. However, it is in physical appearance that Germany had most impact on the world in 1900s. Albert Einstein made discoveries in general and restrained relativity. Werner Heisenberg, Max Planck, Karl Schwarzschild were the pioneers of the quantum mechanics, as well as Wolfgang Pauli with his ” Principle of exclusion “. All this contributed to actual quantum cosmology.

The list of the thinkers with an influence in domains of science and technology is limitless when they travel across the world to discover the contribution of every culture.