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Beginner’s Guide to French Verbs

A short guide to the basics of French verbs and some of the important irregular verbs. A vital asset for anyone learning French.

The French language has 3 different types of verbs, these are -ir verbs, -er verbs and -re verbs.

The most commonly used verb type in French is the -er verb. For example, “parler”, meaning “to speak”.

In most cases it can be conjugated in the following way:

First you take off the -er, then add on the following endings:

Je -e Je parle

Tu -es Tu parles

Il -e Il parle

Elle -e Elle parle

On -e On parle

Nous -ons Nous parlons

Vous -ez Vous parlez

Ils -ent Ils parlent

Elles -ent Elles parlent

The past tense can be made by changing the “er” to “é” and adding the avoir stem. For example, j’ai parlé.

This is the case most of the time, but there are exceptions and irregular verbs which need to be learnt seperately.

Another verb type is the -re verb. For example, “entendre”, meaning “to hear”.

In most cases it can be conjugated the following way:

First you take off the -re, then add on the following endings:

Je -s J’entends

Tu -s Tu entends

Il – Il entend

Elle – Elle entend

On – On entend

Nous -ons Nous entendons

Vous -ez Vous entendez

Ils -ent Ils entendent

Elles -ent Elles entendent

The past tense can be made by changing the “re” to “u” and adding the avoir stem. For example, j’ai entendu.

This is the case most of the time, but there are exceptions and irregular verbs which need to be learnt seperately.

The final type of verb is the “ir” verb. For example, “finir”, meaning “to finish”.

In most cases it can be conjugated the following way:

First you take off the -ir, then add on the following endings:

Je -is Je finis

Tu -is Tu finis

Il -it Il finit

Elle -it Elle finit

On -it On finit

Nous -issons Nous finissons

Vous -issez Vous finissez

Ils -issent Ils finissent

Elles -issent Elles finissent

The past tense can be made by taking off the “r” and adding the avoir stem. For example, j’ai fini.

This is the case most of the time, but there are exceptions and irregular verbs which need to be learnt seperately.

Finally, there are some very important irregular verbs which need to be learnt:

Être – To Be

Je suis

Tu es

Il est

Elle est

On est

Nous sommes

Vous êtes

Ils sont

Elles sont

Past Tense – J’ai été

Avoir – To Have

J’ai

Tu as

Il a

Elle a

On a

Nous avons

Vous avez

Ils ont

Elles ont

Past Tense – J’ai eu

Aller – To Go

Je vais

Tu vas

Il va

Elle va

On va

Nous allons

Vous allez

Ils vont

Past Tense – Je suis allé

Faire – To Do/To Make

Je fais

Tu fais

Il fait

Elle fait

On fait

Nous faisons

Vous faites

Ils font

Elles font

Past Tense – J’ai fait

Savoir – To Know

Je sais

Tu sais

Il sait

Elle sait

On sait

Nous savons

Vous savez

Ils savent

Elles savent

Past Tense – J’ai su

Vouloir – To Want

Je veux

Tu veux

Il veut

Elle veut

On veut

Nous voulons

Vous voulez

Ils voulent

Elles voulent

Past Tense – J’ai voulu

Pouvoir – To Be Able To

Je peux

Tu peux

Il peut

Elle peut

On peut

Nous pouvons

Vous pouvez

Ils pouvent

Elles pouvent

Past Tense – J’ai pu

Elles sont

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