Non-verbal Means of Communication, Part Two

I think you have already met with an article “Non-verbal means of communication, Part 1, in which details were described by two groups of gestures: expressive expressive and tactile. Maybe you remember a number of situations in which the data are sensitive to certain gestures or postures of other people. Now you can easily explain what is meant this or that gesture. I suppose some of your vague guesses now turned into an orderly chain of logically interrelated facts.
In this paper, to enhance understanding of the world of nonverbal communication will bring two more groups of gestures: a view of visual contact and spatial movement.
Look visually-pin
 Eye contact is undeniably an important process of communication. As you already know, the person receives it through the eyes of about 80% of impressions of the senses. With the eyes can convey a variety of expression, thanks to them we can implement the process control flow of conversation, provide feedback in human behavior. View helps in the exchange of replicas, as most sentences without the involvement of the eye would be meaningless.
Remember how badly the interlocutors on the Internet require a variety of emoticons, which are the replacement of such non-verbal communication as a means of exchange of glances, facial expressions. After not seeing each other, much more difficult to convey feelings experienced. Developers instant messaging programs, improving their program performance, try to include and expand the function of expression in his eyes, a common variety of facial expressions and hand gestures. And, as practice shows, the demand for such programs such as ICQ, very great. People are hungry for meaningful communication and the web. And the emergence of video call function in cell phones and the installation of video equipment to a computer, enables users to talk online, watching each other, is precisely the answer to the need for live communication on a remote distance.
Also look participates in the expression of intimacy, candor. With it you can set the degree of proximity to humans.
In view of communion, as a rule, carries information retrieval, for example, the listener looks at the speaker, and if he paused, silently waiting for the continuation without interruption of eye contact, gives the signal of a free communication channel, for example, the speaker sign-eye reports that the conversation is over and helps establish and maintain social relationships, when we look look of a man to engage in conversation.
In psychology, there are several types of views, each of which carries a very significant information about the person’s thoughts:
Business view – when we look at the forehead and eye contact. Often we act as if conducting a meeting with unfamiliar people, managers and supervisors.
Social sight – when we send the eye to the area of human face in the mouth, nose and eyes. It is typical in situations of easy communication with friends and acquaintances.
An intimate look – passes through the eye line companion and falls to the level below the chin and neck to other parts of the body. Can be dilated pupils, as a foretaste of pleasure.
In the first article mentioned the fact that men more difficult to deceive their wives, girlfriends, because women are much faster can expose the lie, reading over his eyes. How did they succeed? First of all, the characteristic changes in the eye due to a reduction of eye muscles. When you try to cheat, a man difficult to sustain gaze, he blinked his eyes and attaches to the side. These symptoms may be present and the sadness, shame, disgust. If you are suffering from its eyes shed tears, but they also appear in laughter and joy.
In any case, to correctly interpret non-verbal gestures take into account the surroundings, the context of the circumstances. One thing is certain exactly it can be argued: the expansion or contraction of the pupils, which occurs as a response to stimulation occurs spontaneously, without consciousness, is involved in this autonomic nervous system. If the direction of gaze still somehow can manage, the change in pupil for us, not subject. When we talk about the man: “He has expressive eyes, her evil look,” she jinxed me, “we mean just that information obtained through non-verbal communication with the monitoring of human eyeballs. Children abandoned by their parents, look dry, detached, filled with the pain of loneliness, which makes them an adult expression. On the contrary, loved and treated kindly kids totally different look at the world.
 Longitude glance may indicate the level of interest. The steadfast, continual tell you about the intention to find out you have some information or get you to obey. Do couples this view serves as a signal to start actively courting. If a closer look forward to a sleeping man, subconsciously he may experience anxiety, even wake up. It is interesting that in the animal gaze is a signal to the impending attack, so there is nothing surprising, when, feeling like a signal from the unfamiliar person, you feel anxiety and a desire to escape. Peripheral (side) vision, we are able to see objects and environment around them, analyze the degree of danger.
Do serial killers and maniacs opinion varies widely from the view of the common man. All prior to this point of time, human behavior, a situation which he decides, and the ways in which enjoys troubleshooting – everything affects the expression of his eyes. Weary mother, after a sleepless night with a baby, a pensioner living on crumbs, a student who has not received a scholarship, had counted on – all the peculiar expression in his eyes. If, for example, you are in a relationship with these people, you must understand the reason for this view.
Three-dimensional motion
 This or that distance of contact between individuals is determined by the social position of communicating, their national origin, age, sex, and the nature of the relationship partners. And it is also one of their forms of nonverbal communication, which is useful to know. By the way, this knowledge about the spatial orientation according to the specific situation, are widely used by psychologists, sociologists, political scientists.

According to the location of two people at the table you can judge the nature of their communications.
The position of the angular arrangement – is most favorable for communication with the student’s teacher, the head of his subordinates, as both have enough space for the exchange of views, Gesturing. Corner of the table serves as a soothing barrier that protects against unexpected attacks. Their eyes do not overlap and which addresses the difficult moments of discussion, you can always send your eyes to a fixed object and focus on the answers.
Konkuriruyusche-defensive position – used in critical discussions, debates and discussions. The two sides sit across from each other, which allows a good survey of facial expression, gestures committed that every second can change depending on the severity of the issues discussed. Barrier in the form of the table between them have a chance to relative safety in the event that a peaceful discussion suddenly turn into a swinging arms and the desire to grab the opponent’s breast. In this case, the position opposite to each other helps to not miss nonverbal cues interlocutor and time to respond.
Independent position – said the reluctance to communicate. The two sides are sitting in different corners of the table, that adversely affects the communication process. If you try to change the situation, get closer, another person can defiantly get up and leave. This is the most negative form of communication at the table and the form of nonverbal communication in general.
The position of the areas of cooperation – between the parties to the call there are no physical barriers, they sit side by side. Communication is confidential, intimate character. In this position you can discuss almost all issues and topics, since the sides fully accept each other.
According to the two conversing people, their degree of proximity to each other produce types of personal spaces:
public (the distance between them is more than 3.5 meters);
social (from 3,5 to 1,5 meters);
private (from 1,5 m to 40 cm);
intimate and sverhintimnoe (40 cm or closer).
If unfamiliar person tries to cross the boundaries of your personal distance, you instinctively draw back or pull his hands to prevent intrusion into your private space. You may feel anger, increased heart rate, adrenaline rush. If you are in a situation where intervention is inevitable (elevator, crowded transport), it is necessary to try to keep calm, do not talk to him, it’s better to give even non-verbal contact with him (do not look the person in the eye).
About the preservation of its territorial space was conducted an interesting experiment. Girl after briefing asked to sit next to a person involved in the table in the library. She tried to sit down quietly as close as possible, and each of its attempt to neighbor instinctively moved away to the edge. Each of you had such a desire in such a situation to preserve their territory with the help of various non-verbal gestures, eg, moving aside the elbow, shoulder fencing off of the annoying neighbor, the pull-head.
Maintaining personal distance can be seen in the transport. It is noticed that the empty transport people to sit alone in the twin room. If they do not occupy a seat next to a trustworthy neighbor, turning in another direction.
Another example of nonverbal communication. In the park people like to occupy all the space on the benches. If, however, to the lonely sitting suit another, and ask permission to sit, as a rule, one obtains the consent. But very soon the first leaves, looking for his free shop.
 In rural areas, the concept of personal space is much wider than in the city. The two sides can talk at a distance of 2-5 meters and it is not a problem or inconvenience. In the town, where a fairly high population density, territorial private space is shrinking to a minimum and then again it does not prevent free communication. The greatest discomfort is experiencing a villager while in town. He literally be physically feel the lack of air and space. There is some evidence, like a lot of adjustment problems arise when they move into the city as experienced excruciating anguish across the expanses of fields and meadows, quiet and fresh air, saturated with distinctive flavors of earth and grass. What to say about the psychological suffering in communion with the large number of completely indifferent people, hurrying on important matters.
Close people secretly installed intimate distance, in which everyone feels comfortable. Change the previously established boundaries of personal space may indicate the occurrence of another type of relationship. A vivid example of such non-verbal communication: a guy and a girl, just met each other, establish social distance. With the deepening and development of relations, the distance is replaced by a personal and intimate.
On the spatial arrangement of several people in the room, you can determine who to whom sympathy, even if they do not reveal their feelings. His benevolent attitude towards his neighbor is expressed in the rotated his body to body, head and directed his socks, shoes. If the communication has got boring people, and would like to talk with an interesting girl, toes are in her direction, although the body continues to be rotated to bore.
 Caught in a certain place, people are often divided into small groups and begin its deliberations within them. It is interesting to trace the means of nonverbal communication in such situations. For example, when an outsider tries to join the group. He first came closer. Panel looks at him and if he caused antipathy circle talking quietly closes, so that he turns away. If he drew the attention of the interlocutors, formed a small passage, which is wedged in and a new party. In case of loss of interest in the brand new, circle quietly pushes it, forming a chain of active group members.
In concluding this review, I can afford to be noted that the above classification of non-verbal means of communication is not a coherent and complete. It reflects only one side of the manifold ways of entering human society. After all, no matter how a person lives – he constantly brings new and new options for communication that are most relevant in the circumstances.
Ability to correctly interpret non-verbal signals will greatly facilitate efforts to integrate into any sphere of human relationships and not just serve you in good stead in an emergency.
Good luck!