Out of Many: Fifth Edition – Chapter 12 DBQ Information

Remember to only talk about ONLY TWO of the areas of American life:

Status of Labor, Class Structure, Family Life

• The roles of women within the budding industrial society (Doc A)
  • Seen as dependent on the man and requiring no ambition of their own
  • Have no political rights or rights to property
• The nineteenth century definition of a “woman’s sphere” (Doc A)
  • The household was their “sphere”
• How the market revolution and industrialization contributed to the changes in the roles of middle-class women (Doc A)
  • As the work roles of middle-class men and women diverged, so did the social attitudes
    • men were expected to be steady, industrious, responsible, and painstakingly attentive to their business
    • women were expected to be nurturing, gentle, kind, moral, and selflessly devoted to their families

• How industrialization and the market revolution altered the workforce for women (Doc B)
  • Women were able to take jobs working in mills (Lowell girls) or work for industries from their homes (garment industry)
• The new role for children, especially middle-class children (Doc B)
  • Mothers assumed primary responsibility for nurturing in the beliefs and personal habits for success
  • Middle-class families sacrificed to keep their sons in school or in training for their chosen professions, often housing/feeding their sons until they were “established” financially and could marry
  • Mothers took the lead in making sure their children had friends and contacts that would be useful when they were old enough to consider careers and marriage
• The changes to the apprentice system after the market revolution (Doc B)
  • Apprentice system was replaced by the putting out system, which was then replaced by the assembly line

• The effects of industrialization on the “patriarchal organization of the family” (Doc C)
  • Man had unquestioned authority to direct the lives and work of family members and to decide on occupations for his sons and marriages for his daughters
  • Men were heads of families and bosses of artisanal shops, although entire families were engaged in the enterprise
    • Husband and father was the trained craftsman, family assisted
• The role of children in the factory system (Doc C)
  • Children aged 8-12, whose customary job was doffing/changing bobbins on the spinning machines made up 50% of workforce in small rural spinning mills, modeled after Slater’s first mill
• How the “family mill” contributed to the market revolution (Doc C)
  • Owners of smaller mills often hired entire families, which formed tight communities and provided substantial amount of work for local people
• The effect of the market revolution on the family unit as a whole, examining the effects on women, children, and workers (Doc C)
  • Children/women were forms of cheap labor
  • Men were generally paid more
  • Women were placed in charge of households since men had to work in factories
  • Children were more influenced by their mothers than fathers

• The changing class structure within U.S. society as a result of industrialization and the market revolution (Doc D)
  • The middle-class was created
    • Market revolution downgraded many independent artisans, but elevated others
    • Others joined the rapidly growing ranks of managers and white-collar workers such as accountants, bank tellers ,clerks, book keepers, and insurance agents