Air Defense Weapon S-300

S-300P

Creating AAMS intended to replace the S-75 began in the mid 60-ies on the initiative of the National Air Defense Forces Command and KB-1 Ministry of Radio. Originally intended to develop a standardized an anti-S-500U for air defense, ground forces and navy, but in the future, taking into account the individual characteristics of each type of troops, it was decided to develop a unified TTT unify and an anti-missile S-300, designed for the Army ( Option C-300B, the leading developer – NII-20), Navy (S-300F, VNII Altair) and Air Defense (S-300P, NPO Almaz). However deep interspecific unification system, which was carried out in various groups under the very controversial claim, at that time to achieve and failed. Thus, in the S-300P and S-300B was unified only 50% of functional devices radar detection. Thus, anti-aircraft missile troops were to receive a new medium-range air defense missile systems S-300P, designed for the defense of administrative and industrial facilities, stationary points of management, headquarters and military bases from attacks on strategic and tactical aircraft, as well as the CD. The principal features of the new air defense system were to be the high mobility and ability to simultaneously shooting several targets, conducting multi-function phased array radar with digital control of the beam. (None existed at that time foreign SAM did not have the properties of multi-channel. Domestic multi-channel system S-25, and never accepted for service ZRK “Dal” had been made in the fixed versions.)

Backbone of steel type missiles 5V55. Missile thrown out of the pipe with gas TPC catapult to a height of 20 m, at the same time disclosed its aerodynamic control surfaces. Gas controls on autopilot unfolded a missile at a given rate, and after the single-engine mid-flight, she rushed to the goal. Tests of elements of S-300P, developed under the leadership of General Designer of NPO Almaz BV Bunkin, held at Sary-Shagan (Kazakhstan) since the mid 70-ies. In 1978 has been adopted the first version of the complex – deliverable-300PT (coded NATO – SA-10A Grumble). Battery P-300PT consisted of three PU 5P85 (4 WPK), the cab ROP (F1) and the control room ($ 2). In 1980, the developers of S-300PT was awarded the State Prize. Release of S-300PT lasted until the early 80’s. In the mid-80 range was a series of upgrades that were designated as S-300PT-1.

Modifications

In 1982, the army anti-aircraft weapons, a new version of the S-300P – self-propelled, the S-300PS (coded NATO – SA-10B Grumble), developed by NPO Almaz under the leadership of Alexander Lemanskogo. The creation of this complex was due to an analysis of the experience of combat use SAM in Vietnam and the Middle East, where the survival of AAMS contributed significantly to their mobility, the opportunity to escape the blow “in the face of” the enemy, and quickly get ready to fight for a new position. The new complex had a record short period of time deployment – 5 minutes, making it trudnouyazvimym for enemy aircraft. It consists of an advanced missile 5V55R, which lead to the principle of target tracking by a missile and SAM 5V55KD with increased up to 90 km range shooting. Division S-300PS SAM includes 3 batteries, each of which consists of three mobile IP on the MAZ-543M and one car 5N63S consisting of combined booths ROP F1S and command and control F2K on a MAZ-543M. The launchers are divided into one main 5P85S cab preparation and management start F3S and autonomous power supply system 5S18, and two additional 5P85D, equipped with only one system of autonomous power 5S19. The battery can be simultaneously bombard 6 targets, with two missiles each, to ensure high rates of lesions.

New technology introduced in the S-300PT-1 and S-300PS, have significantly increased their combat capabilities. To exchange information with the telemetric air defense command center, located at a distance of more than 20 km from the battalion were deployed antenna masts ‘pine’ on the chassis ZIL-131Н. In the autonomous conduct of hostilities AAMS in isolation from the command post of the divisions of S-300PS can be given to all-altitude radar Three-36D6 or 16ZH6. Possibilities for the detection of low-altitude goals have significantly expanded by typing in the complex IEE 5N66M established NGOs ‘Utes’ under the leadership of Leo Shulman. The design of ROP, and HBO can raise their antenna posts with special towers, which makes it possible to create a continuous information field at extremely low altitudes in wooded and hilly terrain and no restrictions on firing cruise missiles and other low-altitude targets. It uses a universal mobile rig 40V6 (40V6M) height 24,4 m, transportable MAZ-537. In this range reaches a low detection 32-43,2 km, and the region far increases to 90 km or more. In the future, based on 40V6M was developed even higher (39 m) two-section tower 40V6MD, which, despite the solid height, you can install on the unequipped position for two hours.

In 1989, there is an export version of S-300PS – P-300PMU (coded NATO – SA-10C Grumble). In addition to minor changes in the composition of equipment, the export variant differs by the fact that PU are offered only in the form of semi-transportable (5P85T). For efficient maintenance of the system S-300PMU can be equipped with mobile repair station DAR-300U. Further development of the complex was the S-300PM and its export variant – S-300PMU-1 (the code of NATO – SA-10D Grumble). An improved version of the complex began in 1985. New S-300PMU-1 was shown at the air show ‘Mosaeroshou-92′ in the town of Zhukovsky, a year later its capabilities were demonstrated during a demonstration firing at an international exhibition of armaments ‘IDEX-93′ (Abu Dhabi, UAE). In 1993, the S-300PM was accepted for service. Deep modernization was aimed at increasing automation of the fighting capacity of the defeat of modern ballistic missiles with velocities of 2800 m / s, increasing the range of the radar, the replacement of the element base and the computer, the improvement of computer software and missiles, reducing the number of major items of equipment. An important advantage of S-300PM is the high adaptability of its funds to long being on the alert. S-300PM capable of almost one hundred percent probability of intercept and destroy the most modern combat aircraft, strategic cruise missiles, tactical and operational-tactical ballistic missiles and other means of air attack in the entire range of military applications, including those under the influence of intensive active and passive jamming .

The complex is available as a mobile version, on the chassis of vehicles with high cross-type MAZ-543M, and the cheaper the towed version, elements of which are placed on trailers towed by tractors triaxial terrain KrAZ. The structure of S-300PM batteries included ROP 30N6 (30N6E), to 12 IP 5P85S/5P85T (5P85SE/5P85TE) with four SAM 48N6 (48N6E) for each, as well as a means of transportation, maintenance and storage of missiles, including machine 82TS6 (82Ts6E). For the purposes of detecting low-altitude battery can be equipped with HBO 76N6 with a high degree of protection from the earth’s surface reflections. Up to six battery S-300PM (Air Defense Battalion) coordinated manual controls 83M6 (83M6E), consisting of PBU 54K6 (54K6E) and SART goals at medium and high altitudes 64H6 (64N6E). Fully automatic SART 64H6 manual provides system information about the aerodynamic and ballistic vkrugovuyu for use in a given sector, within a maximum range of 300 km and flying at speeds up to 2.78 km / sec. PBU 54K6 receives and aggregates information on air situation from different sources, controls the firing means, taking the team management, and information on air situation from the manual zone defense, assesses the risks produced by tseleraspredelenie AAMS, issued by targeting for destruction purposes, and also provides sustainability of combat air defense missile systems in the work of electronic and fire counteraction.

The battery is able to conduct military operations independently. Multi ROP 30N6 provides search, detection, automatic target tracking, performs all operations related to the preparation and firing. Simultaneously, the battery can fire up to 6 targets of different types, each of which may be made a single start or a salvo of two missiles. Rate of fire is 3 pp. In the years 1995-1997 was carried out regular upgrading of the system, known as S-300PMU-2 Favorit (coded NATO – SA-10E Grumble). Russia first showed it at the MAKS-97, a demonstration of shooting abroad for the first time held in Abu Dhabi at the exhibition IDEX-99. Creating a new complex, largely based on exports, was motivated by the desire to bring “anti-missile” capabilities such as air defense missile systems S-300P’s potential army of the complex C-300B while increasing the “anti-aircraft” building. This problem recently came to the fore and became even more urgent after “Desert Storm”. S-300PMU-2 Favorit designed for high-performance protection of critical facilities of the State and the armed forces of the massive strikes of current and future aircraft, strategic cruise missiles, tactical and operational-tactical missiles and other air threats at all altitudes and speeds of their combat use, including in difficult conditions REP. Compared with the S-300PMU-1 in the new system:

- Improved performance and defeat ballistic missile goals 48N6E2 ensuring initiation (undermining) warhead target;

- Increased efficiency of the system for aerodynamic purposes, including for the purposes hardly noticeable at extremely low altitudes, in a complex tactical and noise conditions;

- Increased distant border zone lesions aerodynamic targets up to 200 km, including the shooting vdogon;

- Enhanced information characteristics of manual control systems 83M6E2 for detecting and tracking ballistic targets the conservation sector detection aerodynamic purposes;

- Extended to PBU 54K6E2 to work with S-300PMU-2, C-300PMU-1, C-300PMU and C-200VE (P-200DE presumably) in any combination;

- Increased system performance in the conduct of autonomous military operations through the application of autonomous means of targeting the new generation – Radar 96L6E;

- Ensured the integration of S-300PMU-2 Favorit in various defense systems, including those working in the standards of NATO;

- Implemented ability to use along with missiles 48N6E2 missiles 48N6E S-300PMU-1.

S-300PMU-2 can also be equipped with new missiles development IBC Torch 9M96 and 9M96M (in the export performance 9M96E and 9M96E2). Mixed option equipment was demonstrated at the exhibition MAKS-99 in August 1999. According to experts, is currently Favorit is the most universal in the world’s air defense system, which has significant export potential. This option can be refined and more even earlier export of S-300PMU and C-300PMU-1.