Sweden Armored Carrier Cv-90

Armored Personnel Carrier CV-90

Sweden, observing since 1914, military neutrality, and has always endeavored to maintain its high level of equipping his army, to have the most modern armament, and, where possible, domestic production (currently about 85% of the needs of the armed forces met the Swedish manufacturer). Swedish military specialists carefully evaluate the military experience of other countries, including in the field of armored vehicles. After the Second World War, when the revised principles of the joint use of military infantry and tanks, the Swedish army was among the first adopted a new generation of armored personnel carriers. In 1963 he enrolled in Part BTR Pbv 301 combat weight of 11.7 tons on the chassis of obsolete light tank m/41 (Czech TNH, manufactured in Sweden under license), armed with 20-mm automatic cannon Bofors. However, in the main Swedish army has replaced its 13.5-ton floating BTR Pbv 302 (Pansarbandvagen 302) on a special chassis firm Hegglunds und Zoner. ” He had a capacity of 12 people, full armored steel hull, armed with 20-mm cannon Hispano-Suiza HS804 in the tower installation, developed a speed of up to 66 km / h (afloat – 8 km / h). Pbv 302 was adopted in the 1964 simultaneously with the main battle tanks Strv-103 and was intended for joint action.

Security of housing APC increased by front-engine-transmission compartment (ITO) and gable frontal sheet. Along with 20-mm gun and close to the mobility of the tank is allowed a number of experts attribute Pbv 302 to the category of “light infantry fighting vehicles, although it could not make a landing fire fight with the machine. Until 1972 it was released about 600 Pbv 302. At its base made a command post vehicle (CM) Stripbv 3021, intelligence Epbv 3022, the car advanced artillery observers Bplbv 3023, armored recovery vehicle (BREM) Bgbv 82, self-propelled anti-tank systems Pvrbv 551, armed with ATGM RB55 “Toy” or RB56 ” Bill, bridgelayer Brobv 941, ambulance. However, over time became evident the need for a full infantry combat vehicles, which would allow motorized infantry effectively interact with the main battle tanks in a modern combined arms battle. Despite the predominantly hilly and wooded terrain, a large number of rivers and lakes, the Swedish military leadership has seen and sees the tank and mechanized units as the main means of combating maritime and airborne forces, and this means a willingness to meet with well-armed and trained foe. In 1982, Sweden began research on the program of armored 90-ies – the main battle tank “second generation” Stridsvagen 2000 and a family of armored vehicles. The latter must have been a single chassis and include BMP, and a car fire support (symbol “cars Pbv G”), armed with 40-or 57-mm cannon, armored personnel carriers (Pbv L) with 25-mm gun, anti-aircraft self-propelled gun (Pvkv A2) , KSHM, ambulance, car artillery observers, self-propelled mortar and anti-tank systems.

The main and primary family vehicle was considered a 20-ton infantry fighting vehicles, focusing on high cross in good bronezaschite and very powerful for this type of technology weaponry. Car fire support differed from the presence of BMP ATGM “Bill, development of which was completed at this time. All the family has received the designation Stridsfordon 90 (ie, “fighting machine 90), but became better known under the English abbreviation CV-90 (Combat Vehicle -90). First BMP CV-90 was planned to send nordlandskie infantry brigades. In 1985, a small company HB Utvecking AB, jointly organized by firms Bofors and Hegglunds und Zonaras (later – “Hegglunds Weekly), obtained from the General Logistics Department of the Ministry of Defense contract to develop Sweden’s five basic prototype combat vehicle CV – 90. In the same year “Hegglunds provided a wooden model of BMP, which is already considered a future laconic design of the machine. Somewhat earlier, were given individual tasks to double tower and a system of automatic control of the machine.

In 1986 he signed contracts for three variants of the tower with 40-mm cannon and one – with a 25-mm. Since 1985, the 40-mm Bofors was tested on the chassis of the floating 15.5-ton tank lkv 91. Also reviewed options for the automatic 57-mm gun, Bofors Trinity “on the basis of ship SAK 57 Mk2 or 60-mm Israeli HVMS-60 IMI. To expedite work and reduce their cost of components and assemblies used by various companies, including foreign ones. In the development of the tower participated Norwegian Kvaerner, Switzerland, Oerlikon, Germany’s Mauser “American” McDonnell-Douglas Helicopter, and FMC (with Emerson Electric “). Their versions of the towers also provided the French SAMM (with 40-mm gun Bofors) and Creusot-Loire (25-mm “Bushmaster”). In October 1988 the first prototype of the BMP with a 40-mm cannon was referred to the test. In May next year, reported pre-production sample. The first order for 200 production vehicles Ministry of Defense issued in 1991 with the condition of deliveries began in October 1993 and end in 1997. The total contract value amounted to 2.9 billion Swedish kronor. In 1993, BMP CV-90 (denoted as CV-9040) have adopted, and the first 30 cars entered the army. This coincided, of course, no coincidence with the choice of a new main tank. However, such was not the tank of Swedish design (design Stridsvagen 2000 Department of Defense discontinued back in 1991), and Germanic Leopard 2 (Strv 122). In 1995, decided to order another 150 infantry combat vehicles, raising the total cost of the order of 737 million crowns. Chassis cars entirely produced “Hegglunds and transmits them to the company Bofors, which establishes the tower with weapons, is completing installation of equipment and supplies ready-made machine army. CV-90, were among the second generation of BMP belongs to the class of “heavy” vehicles, more reliably and closely interacting with the tanks in the battle, saturated with a variety of media destruction.

The layout of machines are generally for BMP: in front of the case is located on the right MTO, to the left of it – the driver seat, arms set in a rotating turret in the middle of the car at the rear of the case is the troop compartment. The tower is shifted 200 mm to the left of the longitudinal axis of the body, thereby balancing the right location of the engine. The right of the tower – a gunner’s seat, the left – the commander. In the roof hatches to provide them with folding back covers. Eight troopers, as in Pbv302, sitting along the boards, which provides more space inside the compartment and convenient embarkation and disembarkation of paratroopers through a Single-Armored door in the stern. In addition, the roof of the troop compartment has two rectangular hatch with a hinged top lid. Welded steel hull and turret have a significant slope frontal sheets. Reservations can be reinforced with additional movable elements for protection against fire 20 mm – 30 mm guns. Chassis is covered with removable screens. Additional protection frontal projection of the tower provide spare truck. The width of the tower -2180 mm, total height with overhead Policom – 1520 mm. In the mantle of the tower is installed 40-mm automatic gun L70B (40/70V), created by Bofors on the basis of her own well-known anti-aircraft gun L70 model 1951. To post a turret gun, it had to turn down the shop, so the cartridge cases are ejected forward through the roof top of the tower. To muzzle part attached to a conical flash suppressor, recoil device concealed box-bronekozhuhom.

Elevation +30 °, declination -8 °. Vertical gun and turn the tower made of electric, but if necessary you can use a mechanical hand-drive. Ammunition is 240 shots with high-explosive armor-piercing tracer shells subcaliber with detachable tray. Plumose core kinetic energy ammunition projectile made of tungsten alloy, has a great strain, mass – about 0.5 kg, the initial rate of 1 600 m / s, armor up to 140 mm. Effective range of tanks and armored vehicles up to 1,5 – 2 km, on helicopters 3,5 – 4 km. Catering – from three section box store on eight shots in each section. Reload section performed within 20 seconds of hand boeukladok placed on the walls of the tower and its Polikey. Power system allows you to quickly switch from one type of shots on the other. Fire is single shots or bursts with a rate of from 60 to 3 000 rds / min. At a distance from the gun, but one with her bundle installed 7.62-mm machine gun in the turret board for him made the burst. Fire control system (FCS) Bofors Aerotroniks U-Taipa “includes a laser rangefinder and a modular sighting unit.

In combined sight NTAA development Swedish company Kelsus-Ter “includes a two-axis stabilized head mirror servo, optical module, control panel, matching device. Latest offers seven-and two-fold increase, can be used for pairing the sight with thermal vision device. Head part of the sight bronekolpakom covered with hinged lid. Sight-guidance device has a commander. It is worth noting that the issue of weapons BMP Swedes are inclined to originality, they went their own way. CV-9040 has the most powerful artillery armament among production overseas BMP (in the caliber of the guns except that it has surpassed the Soviet BMP-3). The angle of elevation of the gun intentionally limited, since the fight against air targets is ZSU on the same chassis. Installations for the assault weapons available, and for the firing of the upper hatch cover may be partially reopened. Such an approach is perceived ambiguously: on the one hand, the lack of infantry units reduces the density of fire and makes the usual airborne passengers, on the other – to raise the security side of the hull. At least, such heavy infantry fighting vehicles the second generation, as the M2A2 Bradley, Marder 1AZ, MCV-80 Warrior, also do not have airborne infantry units, but the main task of the machine are considered to be delivery of infantrymen under fire from the enemy at a distance the last roll and support them in battle. 40-mm automatic gun can solve this task well. In the embodiment of fire support vehicle within the CV-90 provides PTRM RBS-56 Bill, shooting of which can be carried out with the car through the hatch troop compartment or from the soil. Crew of BMP is not distracted by work with anti-tank systems. Installing anti-tank systems are not linear in BMP – another example of specialization of machines. At the sides of the tower in groups of four or six smoke grenade launchers attached, hinged roof, two 71-mm launchers Liran pipe systems for lighting and smoke missiles at a distance of up to 1 300 m.

This lighting system is not redundant in the Scandinavian north with long nights. In MTO mounted diesel engine DS14 SAAB-Scania turbocharged powertrain. To reduce the height of ITO radiator engine cooling system passed in the rear part (like Germany Marder) and installed it at the right side. Fuel capacity is 525 liters. Automatic hydromechanical transmission HZOO-4B English firm Perkins Endzhayn “(in his time also taken from the American system” Allison Transmission “) is produced in Sweden by Volvo under license. It provides four speeds forward and two back with a variation of gear ratio due to the hydrostatic transmission. The neutral position of the latter makes it possible to turn the machine on the spot. The steering mechanism is a double differential with hydrostatic control. Two-stage cylindrical gear transmission mounted in the side speakers in the front sump. Chassis for a board consists of seven dual road wheels with individual torsion suspension. Driving wheel – front location. Melkozvenchataya relatively broad caterpillar has a lantern gearing, rubber steel hinge, a central ridge and rubber pads on the tracks. Ground pressure (0,46 – 0,53 kg/cm2) in combination with the specific power (24.12 hp / t) BMP provides a high cross and mobility even on soft ground and snow. Tension caterpillars regulated place driver. Ahead of the driver’s hatch has three periscope observation unit, the average of which can be replaced by a passive night vision devices. Seven periscope blocks located on the perimeter of the commander’s turret, six – on the perimeter of the hatch gunner. Viewing unit provided in the rear doors. On the march a driver uses a folding rear-view mirrors mounted on a front hull plates. The headlights and marker lights installed in front of nadkrylkah and aft hull plates and covered canopies. The main body of luminescent tags are attached to facilitate movement in the column and the mutual recognition night. CV-90 is equipped with a digital navigation system, automatic fire-prevention equipment, FVU British firm MDH, heating system crew compartment.

Capping APP and folded camouflage net mounted on the sides and stern of the towers, boxes and spare parts are located on stern hull plates. For tow vehicles and perform repair work on the housing front and rear are towing and mooring rings earrings, on the tower – mooring rings. BMP CV-90 corresponds well to the conditions of Scandinavia, and it is not surprising that her version of the CV-9030 has chosen for his army of Norway, ordered the 104 machines. CV-9030 differs from the basic version of 30-mm automatic gun system Bushmaster American firm McDonnell-Douglas with an external chain drive automation, installing coaxial machine gun, a form of landing the hatch. A few words on other machines designed chassis CV-90. In 1993, the trial ended ZSU CV-9040 Chameleon. It has a tower of the same design and equipped with 40-mm cannon, but its angle of elevation is 50 °. Fire can be of two types of shells – and the new staff Mk2 BP, the development of which took up the firm FFV. Mk2 is equipped with a remote detonator and the explosion gives 1 000 ready globular fragments plus up to 3 000 small fragments of shell.

Shell BP also has a ready-made spherical fragments, but differs programmable fuse. Time undermine introduced in his memory with the induction coil passing projectile chambers of the barrel. Downrange destruction of aircraft and helicopters – to 4 000 m. On the roof of the tower under the hood mounted antenna for radio waves radar detection and tracking of targets TRS-2620 Gerfaut French company “Tomcoh-csf”. Doppler-radar, millimeter wave, circular view. Detection range of purposes – up to 14 000 m. The MSA also includes the electron-optical sight of the visible and infrared ranges, which allows firing in the widespread use of enemy electronic warfare. With a laser rangefinder to determine the range to the target and the optimal time undermining the shrapnel shell. Swedish Ministry of Defense has already issued an order for SoL. Also issued an order for KSHM CV-90 FCV with a 25-mm cannon, additional communications and automated control, the car advanced artillery observers and Bram. The latter is equipped with a crane, winch, wide shoe, equipped with 7.62-mm machine gun. No. of shares set in front of the machine that allows you to use it as a blade, as well as an additional protection of the frontal projection, which is important on the battlefield.

Tested experimental anti-gun mount (tank destroyer) CV-90105 with 105-mm gun. Friendly and business still remain and alternative BTR CV-9025 with 25-mm cannon, and self-propelled 120-mm mortar, which is mounted in the rear part of the machine for turning the open ground. In the self-propelled mortar ammunition may enter a mine development company controlled by FFV. Total planned to buy about 600 vehicles a family of CV-90. The Swedes, however, drew attention to the light infantry fighting vehicles, choosing not too expensive overseas models. Simply put, they bought in Germany 350 healthy BMP-1 Soviet-made from among the remaining army of the former GDR. Modernized with Czech experts, BMP-1 should reach the Swedish infantry brigade under the symbol Pbt 501. In the winter time, with almost continuous snow cover, CV-90 painted in white, the rest of the year have camouflage three-or four-color. It is a stain dark blue (black), dark green and light green colors. The fourth is used brown. The spots have an angular shape and are transferred from one surface to another, skradyvaya verge of hull and turret. The registration number of the car is put in front left.