An Essay on Subjectivism and Realism in Symbolic Logic and Cosmology

Philosophy in the 21st century studies language and logic as well as making traditional inquiries into the nature of everything. What is one to make of the perennial questions of faith and freedom, nature and environment, political liberty and language, territory and trial in the stream of progress flowing with such strength the last several decades? Does a higher question exist for philosophers than that of how to pursue a right relationship with God? Philosophers as logicians, metaphysicians and epistemologists and cosmologists today commonly share the same avenues of discovery on the pursuit of knowledge.

What is the ordinary philosophically minded student of modern issues of thought and logic to make out of the last fifty years of philosophical developments in the field of analytic philosophy? From 1960 to 2010 tremendous advances were made in technology, science and in philosophy as well. Scientific theory surging with 19th century pre-quantum mechanical concepts of Faraday and Maxwell simultaneously rocketed to new paradigms with Einstein’s equations of general relativity early in the 20th century. From 1910 until the early 1960’s scientific paradigms expanded cosmological concepts integrating group theory maths of Abel, Lie and Killing with observational astrophysics paradigms that would support Minkowski and Kaluza-Klein universe concepts evolved from symmetry studies of Galois and others eventually to construct big bang theory with equations of the general theory of relativity. Big bang theory would be supplanted by pre-big bang theory and infinite dimensions and infinite universe theories with plentiful N inflatons birthing universes phenomenally, yet without satisfying the basic questions of really, why anything?

By the 1960’s post Kaluza-Klein extra-dimensional researches for a way to unify the four discovered forces of physics into one causal explanation for everything materially existing were accelerating in the number of research approaches. By the time the 1980’s and 1990’s arrived multi-dimensional theories of the Universe, and new observational astrophysics data had increased the range and significance of physical knowledge. Philosophy in the meanwhile, had progressed from the symbolic logic of Leibniz first and then Frege, and on through the Vienna Circle of Carnap, Wittgenstein and others through to the mid-century investigators of empiricism and scientific epistemology followed by more development of symbolic and modal logic by such as Russell, Whitehead, Cohen,Quine, Strawson, Smart and Kripke. Kripke, Strawson and Quine writing in the 1960’s were quite productive in that interesting era advancing formal logic along simultaneously with others embedding mathematical logic in computer architecture.