Descartes

-Philosophy and science is large. Roman Empire got conquered from inside and

Christianity and it became the official religion. It took over Europe.

Scholastic philosophy: shapes science of philosophy to teachings of church and Aristotle.

European mind loosens up.

-First thing printed was the bible and people read the bible. 

Columbia discovered new land, continent.

·      Was not in bible, never mentioned.

Martin Luther

·      Bible was pope; all you need is faith to study in the bible.

Earth is a planet and the sun is the center.

·      Age of inquisitions

·      Disagreement with official teachings.

Experimental Science:

Enter Descartes, agrees with new science, way to approve knowledge.

·       Wants to start revolution, and further it, complete it, put knowledge on new foundation.

·      Called father of modern philosophy.

·      Scientists were called natural philosophers

Descartes goal was to take scholastic philosophy and put it on new foundation.

·       Purpose of meditations

He cannot antagonize the church

·      Cannot do the way he wants to.

The foundation of knowledge was authority, church teachings and Aristotle.

New foundation is Reason.

Methodological doubt:

Uses doubting as a method

·       Wants certainty.

Must use skeptism to see how far he can get.

Meditation 1

Presentàdoubt

·       Physical senses, 5 senses

-       We know they have deceived us.

Meditation 6: internal senses

Ex. Someone without an arm, they can feel that they still have it.

·      We can’t trust something 100% if it’s deceived you once.

·      Maybe everything is a dream

2+3=5 is it possible to doubt?

·      Maybe there’s a god that’s been fooling us.

·      Maybe evil demon, who systematic deceiving us, making us think we have memory, something is there

-       Maybe everything is just an illusion.