Factors Affecting
by Socio-economic conditions include income level, education level and family size.
People’s Political Participation
A. Socio-Economic Factors
Socio-economic conditions include income level, education level and family size.
2. Political factors
Arnstein SR (1969) political participation based on the political community to determine a final product. Political factors include:
a. Political Communication.
Political communication is a communication that has political consequences, both actual
and potential, which regulate human behavior in the presence of a conflict. (Nimmo, 1993:8). Political communication between the government and people as the interaction between the two parties to implement ethics (Surbakti, 1992:119)
.
b. Political awareness.
Political awareness comes knowledge, interest and attention of someone on the environment
society and politics (Eco, 2000:14). The level of political consciousness interpreted as a sign that citizens pay attention to affairs of state and or development (Budiarjo, 1985:22).
c. Public knowledge of
Decision-making process. Public knowledge of the decision making process will determine the pattern and direction of a decision to be taken (RamlanSurbakti 1992:196).
d. Public Control of Public Policy.
Community control of public policy that is the master
public policy and has the authority to manage a particular policy object (Arnstein, 1969:215). Controls to prevent and eliminate abuse of authority in political decisions (Setiono, 2002:65). Arnstein1969: 215), the control community in public policy is the power of directing. Also suggests political expression,
aspiration or provide input (ideas, ideas) without the intimidation that is the problem and expectations of the people (Widodo, 2000:192), to increase community awareness and skills of critical analysis and mapping of the actual problems and formulate
demands on the development agenda (Cristina, 2001:71).
3. Individual and Physical Environmental Factors Physical factors of individuals as a source
life including the facilities and the availability of public services. Environmental factor is the unity of space and all bodies, power, state, and living conditions, the ongoing social interaction activities between the various groups and their institutions and pranatanya (K. Manullang and Gitting, 1993:13).
4. Factors Cultural Values
Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba (1999:25), The political culture or civic culture that forms the basis of democracy, good political ethics is essentially political and engineering (Soemitro 1999:27) or the civilization of society (Verba, Sholozman, Bradi, 1995). Factor
perceptions of cultural values, knowledge, attitudes, and political beliefs.
3. PARTICIPANT’S POLITICAL CULTURE
is one of the nation’s political culture. Participant political culture characterized by a high orientation towards any political object, either the general object, input, output as well as his own private citizens.
Implementation of the political culture of the participants can also be applied by a student, the school environment.
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