Nation

1. 

The Origin of States

There are actually 4 theories that was formed by the people about the Origin of States. One of this is the Divine Right Theory which was believed that God appointed a ruler to govern the people. They based this when God appointed Moses in Mt. Sinai. The Vatican can be a living example. The Next theory is the Necessity or Force theory. Some believe that state was created through force, by some great warriors who imposed their will upon the weak. Another Theory is the Paternalistic theory. This theory says that States was formed due to the large size of the family under the authority of the father or mother, that was developed into a clan, a tribe, a nation and into state. The Last is the Social Contract Theory. They believed that People formed a society and organize a government for their common good. This are the Four theories on the Origin of States.

Definition of Nation

Nation is an ethnic concept of a group of people bound together by certain characteristics such as common social origin, language, customs, and traditions and who believe that they are one and distinct from others. Nation may or may not depend on external control. It can also be composed of different state like the Arab nation.

2.

The Forms Of Government

(1) As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers:

(a) Monarchy or one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election of one nature or duration of his tenure.

(1) Absolute monarchy or one in which the ruler rules by divine rights; and

(2) Limited monarchy in which the ruler rules in accordance to constitution;

(b) Aristocracy or one in which political power is exercised by a few priviledged class which is known as aristocracy or oligarchy;

(c) Democracy or one in which political power is exercised by the people.

(1) Direct or Pure Democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in mass meeting or primary assembly rather than through the medium of delegates or representatives chosen to act for them; and

(2) Indirect, representative, or republican democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through the agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives.

(2) As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government:

(a) Unitary government or one in which the control of national and local affair is exercised by the central or national government;

(b) Federal Government or one in which the powers of Government re divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs each organ being supreme within its own sphere. 

(3) As to relationship  between the executive and the legislative branches of the government:

(a) Parliamentary government or one in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. The Cabinet or ministry is immediately and legally responsible to the legislature and mediately or politically responsible to the electorate, while the titular- the Chief of State- occupies a position of irresponsibility; and

(b) Presidential Government or one in which the state makes the executive constitutionally independent of the legislature as regard his tenure and to a large extent as regards his policies and acts, and furnishes him with sufficient powers to prevent the legislature from trnching upon the sphere marked out by the constitution as executive independence and prerogative.

3.

The Government of the Philippines in Transition

The Pre-Spanish Government

(1) Unit of Government– Barangay

(2) Datu– Chief executive of Barangay

(3) Social Classes in the Barangay– Maharlika (nobility), Timawa (freemen), Aliping Namamahay (serfs), Aliping Sagigilid (slaves)

(4) Early laws– “Maragtas Code” by Datu Sumakwel, “Kalantiaw Code” by Datu Kalantiaw and Other Unwritten Laws Consisted of Customs and Tradition

(5) Comparison with other Ancient Government– Fair for Everyone with high intelligence and Moral virtues.