A Theory of Mind

Even though the mind is intensely powerful and we can see its effects all the time, the mind is nevertheless intangible and invisible so we must define its operation in theoretical terms, based upon what we have learned about through observing our behavior.

We generally divide the mind into four operating sections: the primitive mind, the subconscious mind, the critical mind and the conscious mind. All four sections work together all the time to keep us safe and surviving.

The Primitive Mind

The primitive area of the mind contains the information to sustain the basic functions of the body and mind that must run automatically and cannot be left exclusively to conscious control. The primitive area of the mind also controls the vital responses to threats that must be activated without rational thought. The primitive mind houses the primitive memory, including evolved learning and genetic heritage.

Residing in the primitive mind is the fight-or-flight response, which is the reaction mechanism to threatening situations or events. The threat may be actual or it may be imagined, but the response is real regardless of the nature of the threat.

The Fight-or-Flight Response

The fight-or-flight response is an automatic series of reactions that take place when we perceive a threat. The brain sends a signal to the adrenal glands, which immediately release epinephrine (adrenalin) into the bloodstream. Upon this release, the following events launch:

• The heart beats much harder and faster, greatly increasing the volume of blood flow
• Breathing becomes much faster and deeper, greatly increasing the volume of air going into and out of the lungs
• The pupils of the eyes dilate, allowing in more light and increasing the visual depth of field
• The arteries shift their pressure, directing blood flow away from the internal organs and toward the arms and legs. This gives more energy to the muscles of the limbs in case it is necessary to run or defend oneself.
• The nostrils of the nose dilate, along with the trachea and bronchial tubes so that it becomes easier to draw air into the lungs
• The liver makes glucose and releases it into the bloodstream, so that there is more energy available for the increased physical activity

The increased blood flow to the brain elevates levels of blood sugar and endorphines in the brain, and this can result in what some people call the “adrenalin rush”. Conversely, the increased heart rate and breathing rate can result in what some people experience as a panic attack. If the feeling of being threatened continues, it is possible to deplete the available supply of blood sugar faster than it can be replaced, resulting in weakness, sweating, shakiness, nausea and even fainting or passing out.