Human Factors and Motivation

Leading : Process of influencing people so that they contribute towards organizational and group goals

Managing : Process of creating and maintaining an environment in which individuals work together towards accomplishment of common objectives

Human Factors in Managing

Managers help people satisfy their own needs by accomplishing organizational goals. Managers and people they lead are interacting members of broad social system. They must understand people in the context of Multiplicity of Roles. People are, members of many social organizations, Customers of goods / services and therefore they influence demands and Members of families, schools, political parties etc. In these roles they establish Laws that govern managers, Ethics that guide behavior and Traditions of human dignity

Managers must understand complexity and individuality of people

No Average Person : People act in different roles. They are different themselves and no one is average but organized enterprises assume so. However firms develop rules, procedures, standards, etc assuming everyone alike. It my be remembered that people are unique. The have different needs, desires, ambitions, attitudes

Importance of Personal Dignity : Concept of individual dignity means people must be treated with respect, no matter what their position in the organization. Managing involves achieving objectives. Achievements are important but their means … must never violate human dignity

People have different abilities and aspirations… but… all are humans and They deserve to be treated as such

Consideration of the Whole Person : Human being is a total person

Influenced by external factors . We cannot talk about people’s nature unless They are considered as a whole i.e. Characteristics, traits, skills, attitudes cannot be seen individually. Managers must recognized these fact & be prepared to deal with them

Motivation : General term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces. Human motives are based on needs whether consciously or unconsciously felt. Some are primary and some secondary needs. They vary in intensity and between human beings

Theory X & Theory Y : Douglas McGregor described nature of people in two sets of assumptions theory “X” “Y”. He suggested that managers must start from how they see themselves in relation to others. He chose natural terminology without any connotation of being good or bad. Both sets of assumptions are basically different.

Theory X

1. Average human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid if they can.