Tasks of Child Development

One basis for determining whether a child has experienced perkembagnan well is starting what is called developmental tasks or Development Task. Childhood developmental tasks by Jojo (1985) is learning to walk, learn to take solid foods, learn to speak, toilet training, learning to distinguish the sexes and can work cooperatively, to learn to achieve physiological stability, formation of the simple concepts of social and physical reality , learn to develop ourselves emotionally with parents, relatives and others and learn to distinguish good and bad. 

According Havighurts (in Gunarsa, 1986) developmental tasks in children stem from three things, namely: physical maturation, stimulation, or demands from the public and private norms of their aspirations. Developmental tasks are as follows: developmental tasks of children aged 0-6 years, including learning visual motor functioning is simple, learn to eat solid food, learn the language, body control, recognizing the social or physical reality, learn to be emotionally involved with parents, siblings and others, learning to distinguish right and wrong and formed conscience. Developmental tasks of children aged 6-12 years is to use his physical abilities, social learning, develop the basic skills in reading, writing, and counting, get personal freedom, socialize, develop integrated concepts for everyday life, to prepare itself as a particular gender, develop and moral conscience says, the scale value and develop attitudes toward social groups or institutions (Havighurts in Gunarsa, 1986). 

According to Havighurst (in Hurlock, 1980) on the developmental tasks of childhood are as follows: a) Learning physical skills necessary for the public games. b) Develop a healthy attitude about ourselves as beings that are growing. c) Learn to adjust yourself with friends his age d) Begin to develop the social roles men and women the right e) Develop basic skills for reading, writing and arithmetic f) Develop understandings required for everyday life g) Develop conscience, moral sense, and governance and the level of the value of h) Developing attitudes toward social groups and institutions i) Achieving personal freedom. 

Development of a child as described above has many, not just limited to physical development but also on the psychological development: mental, social and emotional. Duties during any development is a task that arises in a given period in a person’s life, where limitations in accomplishing this task lead to feelings of happiness and success in subsequent tasks, while failure will lead to unhappiness and difficulties or barriers to completing the next task.