Socialism

Also defined by the whole socialist theory, doctrine or movement that advocates for its implementation. Socialism can be non-state (through community ownership in a broad sense) or state (through nationalization and economic planning of production).
In a socialist system in the settlement of social property (collectively) the means of production away any form of private ownership of capital goods and this capitalism as a form of appropriation of employment which in Marxist theory assumes aform of economic exploitation by satellite. As the latter company capitalism with classes in the historical sequence of modes of production of Karl Marx, this in turn would lead to the disappearance of social classes that are generated by different sources of income, thus overcoming the struggle for classes as historical motor.
Often coexist different political movements that adopt the title of Socialism: from those with vague ideas of seeking the common good and social equity, until the planned reform of gradual creation of a socialist state in Marxist terms, or variants pre-and post-Marxist socialism (either workers or nationalist), or the intervention, definition of socialism or its methods can vary dramatically as the changes in political actors and sometimes distance themselves to a greater or lesser extent, its etymology: statist, nationalist, Marxist, cooperative , corporatist union classical corporatist or fascist state, income socialist, socialist market mutual, modern social democrats, etc.
The term socialism is still a strong political impact, which remains connected to the establishment of a socio-economic order built by, for, or based on, originally organized working class without an economic order itself, and which should create a public (via the state or not), whether by revolution or social progress or through institutional reforms, in order to build a classless society stratified or subordinate to one another latter idea was not original but the socialist ideology of the Communist and whose association is indebted to Marxism-Leninism. The radical socialist thinking not so much the methods to achieve but rather to pursue the principles

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Content
1 Socialism and Communism
2 Explanation pre-context
3 History
3.1 Origin
3.1.1 The influence of the Enlightenment and utopian socialism
3.1.2 The debate between the classical socialist
3.2 The twentieth century socialism
4 XXI Century Socialism
5 An ideology, a group of ideologies
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[Edit] Socialism and Communism

Unlike what happens with the concept of “communism” (a term whose use dates back to Plato), in which the contribution to the joint production is free and unplanned while consumption is lived in common, 1 the word socialism “(which first appeared in 1834 under the auspices of Robert Owen) describes the collective organization of production and distribution while consumption remains particular.2 In the nineteenth century mass proletarianization process by the rise of capitalism industrial socialist idea evolved as a concept and ideology of political economy, proposing a social, economic and political organization based on conscious (planned) production according to a preset for a contribution to the general good: it would be called socialist movement (in places for the reform movement of labor).
Synthesized from the ideas and writings of various groups and thinkers who sought to illuminate a less greedy and just, socialism gets a boost from the Marxist theory of socialism clear all moral and political idealism, and founded as a need for technological development of this period, which is the only thing that could make it feasible (non-utopian) according to the doctrine of historical materialism.
With the rise of Marxism and social media for Communists are absorbed and reformulated into a single doctrine which understands both systems as two historically necessary steps in developing a society divided by class struggle toward a classless communist era end. The communist movement, which had emerged from certain periods collectivist radical of the French Revolution as remnant movement (see Babeuf communism and the Conspiracy of Equals) and was no longer changing social activism during different historical periods to become activepolitical, becomes party and ideology with the introduction by Karl Marx from the ideas of socialist doctrine (then taken seriously), taking a solid body of doctrine that was lacking. While Marxism by socialist and communist ideas emerging from the idealism and are unified into a single ideological movement known as Communism, Socialism as an ideology is split into several streams: utopian socialism, state socialism, socialism, corporatism, military socialism, socialism clerical , socialism, workers’ popular socialism, national socialism, etc.
[Edit] Explanation pre-context

In practice, the de facto meaning of socialism has changed over time. Many so-called socialist historically resulted in seeking to establish a workers’ state organized from the bottom up (as opposed to class state, organized from top to bottom), economic and political sectors to avoid (partially or fully) a minority of citizens possessing the means of production (bourgeoisie) to exercise operating the majority of citizens production workers.
Others meanwhile continued to reject the path of state control given that capitalism was only possible thanks to the power of taxation or coercion which guarantees legal privileges on the property to those who have the favor of state power and continued to insist on the basic and original meaning of socialism ”means of production in the hands of the producers”, however during the twentieth century it became a minority, heterodox socialist option.
The ideology that is often connected at present the system of socialism is social democracy, as it seeks to reduce economic disparities between classes, for this country based on socialist ideologies are these measures to redistribute wealth-class people High (people with more wealth / money than the average) are required to pay higher taxes than the average for people of that country, in order to distribute wealth in society and offer or provide opportunities for individuals of class Low could not have.Which is why today the majority of “socialism” and the word is identified with the social principles, even by currents classically associated with the socialist movement to the partial assimilation of the word “socialism” by social doubters avoid or refuse to be called that way.
As already mentioned the meaning given to socialism is very broad and may vary by the exponent as well as projects that applied, but normally refers to a democratic socialist party or state-centric (MP) and its model is usually the economic policyinterventionists.
[Edit] History

[Edit]
[Edit] The influence of the Enlightenment and utopian socialism
The study of socialism starts from the French Revolution in 1789, which resulted in the overthrow of the French feudal class and the rise to power of the bourgeoisie. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century Europe’s major countries develop the process of replacing feudalism with capitalism as an economic system and the feudal states join to form the modern nation-state.
In the context of the French Revolution appears François Babeuf, the first socialist thinker.
England was the birthplace of utopian socialism. There are two important causes that give the English utopian socialism its unique character: the industrial revolution, with its train of miseries for the nascent proletariat, and the development of a new branch of science: the political economy. Recall from utopian socialist Robert Owen (1771-1858), who was the first to consider the proletariat as an independent class with common interests.
In France had a more philosophical than in England. Its first representative was Count Henri de Saint-Simon. He proposed the Federation of European States, as a political tool to prevent war and ensure world peace. At the same time Charles Fourier, he conceived the phalansteries (human communities governed by rules of free agreement and socialized economy). From the inspiration of the principles were established some phalansteries Fourierists.
See also: Utopian Socialism phalanstery
[Edit] Discussions between the Socialists classic
Shortly after Marxist theory appears that from a critical theory of capitalism, develops a policy proposal: scientific socialism. Karl Marx posited in his book “Das Kapital” the distinction between “use value” and “exchange value” of goods and the definition of goodwill, and these are his greatest contributions to economics, however, modern economists do not use these concepts the same way as do the followers of the Marxist school of economic thought. Among the Socialists had an early division between Marxists and anarchists. Marxism as a theory was given many interpretations, some form for many decades the ideological basis of most European socialist parties. Later, following the Russian Revolution and the interpretation given Lenin, Marxism-Leninism became the ideology of the communist parties, grouped under the Third International.

Mikhail Bakunin, political ideologue, a defender of individual freedom and collective
Marxist theory is built on debate with anarchism. Anarchism could enter into early discussions of socialism, which seeks as an ideal that people decide on their lives directly. Advocated the abolition of the State and of all authority. Is the current with an undercurrent of respect and appreciation for the subject or individual, and that views freedom as the path and the goal of socialism and proposes the horizontal in voluntary human associations, local autonomy with self-organization of the movements Social versus state institutions and multinational capitalism and monopolies themselves. The goal of libertarian socialism is to build a society based on civil liberties, social equity, personal initiative, moral cooperation of an individual, eliminating stratified social classes, political and economic structures to promote self-managed, decentralized or distributed.
[Edit] Socialism in the Twentieth Century
Socialism political peaked during the twentieth century in the European socialist bloc, the USSR, socialist states of Asia and the Caribbean.

Soviet propaganda poster, illustrated Lenin “cleaning” symbolically the world of kings, rich and imperialists, thus glorifying socialism.
During the second half of the twentieth century was of great importance to the so-called socialist bloc, the Soviet Union to free the occupied countries of the Third Reich on the Eastern Front during World War II, then later adopted the same socialist systems of government that made that the socialist camp reached a broad domain.
Indicators Socialist Upsurge in the twentieth century are, for example, great advances in technology, such as in space programs, as well as the great military technology, primarily in the Soviet Union. The downside is the abandonment of socialist principles by the state bureaucracy, which did not leave the war economy and socialist democracy limited.
After World War II, military and ideological tension between the socialist bloc headed by the USSR and the capitalist, led by the United States resulted in a political confrontation that became known as the Cold War. Unofficially it was known and was the competition for superiority in all aspects and to achieve complete dominance (but not direct) the increasing number of countries.Culminated in the disintegration of the USSR for its economic and political contradictions and strong external pressures, followed by a sudden crisis in the other socialist states, mainly Europeans.
[Edit] XXI Century Socialism

Main article: Socialism of the XXI century
XXI Century Socialism is a concept devised by AV Buzgalin originally published in Russian in 1996 and Spanish in 2000. In effect the first textbook on the subject is not to Heinz Dieterich, but one of the Russian author entitled “The Socialism of XXI century” (160 pp., Guanabo, Cuba, January 20, 2000, cost 9 euros). The Heinz Dieterich Steffan, is later, from 1996.3 and widespread since the January 30, 2005, by the President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez at the time from the V World Social Forum.
The socialist model of state socialism of the XXI century socialism is a revolutionary drink from the Marxist philosophy and economics, which rests on four pillars: regional democratic development, the economy of equivalence, participatory democracy and civil base. Dieterich, in his twenty-first century socialism is based on the vision of Karl Marx on the social and class struggle. Dieterich deepened the Marxist theory and updates in the world today, incorporating the advances in knowledge, the experiences of socialist attempts, revealing its limitations, giving specific proposals in both the political economy on the democratic participation of citizens to build a society free from exploitation. In short, socialism of the XXI century is the need for a radical strengthening of state power democratically controlled by the company to advance development.
As part of the Socialist Revolution of Hugo Chavez, it noted that to reach this socialism will be a transitional stage known as Revolutionary Democracy. Hugo Chavez said “We are committed to lead the revolution towards socialism and to contribute to the path of socialism, a socialism of the XXI century is based on solidarity, fraternity, love, freedom and equality ”in a speech in mid-2006. Also, this socialism is not predefined. Rather, Chavez said “we must transform the way capital and move towards a new socialism that must be built every day,” .4
[Edit] An ideology, a group of ideologies

Friedrich Engels, German socialist philosopher.
There are differences between social groups, although almost everyone agrees that they are united by a common history that has its roots in the nineteenth and twentieth century, the struggles of industrial workers and farmers, operating according to theprinciples of solidarity and dedication to an egalitarian society with an economy that can, from their point of view, serve the broad population rather than a few.
According to Marxist writers (most notably Friedrich Engels), models and socialist ideas would be traceable on the principles of social history, being a characteristic of human nature and social models.
Marxism-Leninism, socialism is seen as the pre-communism, so the revolutionary processes experienced by the USSR, Cuba and China are related to this doctrine, since in the case of the USSR never was achieved communism and in the case of Cuba still seek to achieve that goal.