While there is no definite consensus about how particulate matter damages our respiratory and circulatory systems, there have been many conclusive studies that have proven the particulate matter as the cause of a number of diseases.  One highly regarded theory points the particulate matter as an irritant that causes inflammation and triggers the neurogenic process.  Some researchers support the theory that the introduction of particulate matter into our bodies also accelerates the process of atherosclerosis.  The elderly are at greater risk because generally their immune systems are weaker than those of younger adults.  Particulate matter can also accelerate and aggravate existing respiratory or other diseases.

In order to decrease the elderly people in our communities’ exposure to these harmful particulates there are a number of steps that can be taken to decrease the amount of particulate matter in the immediate living environment.  Many elderly people live in older homes.  These homes can sometimes contain hazardous materials like asbestos or lead paint.  If there is an elderly person in your family or neighborhood, encourage them to have a thorough home inspection to identify any of these dangerous building materials.  It is also important to educate the elderly in our communities, about the dangers of common household cleaning products.  Many of our grandparents grew up in a time where common house hold cleaners were advertised as wonderful products that made our lives easier. 

While most products are safe if they are used with proper protection, the have been shown to cause respiratory irritation if extended exposure occurs.  Using organic cleaning products or simple mixtures of vinegar and water to clean your home will decrease the presence of harmful chemicals and particulate matter in your home.  Another dangerous particulate matter that plagues the home of many elderly people is cigarette smoke.  While most young people today have spent their lives familiar with the surgeon general’s warnings printed on the side of cigarette packs and anti-smoking campaigns, the elderly grew up during a time when smoking was widely accepted and the health risks were not publicized.  Many elderly people are addicted to smoking and this is one of the most dangerous particulates in the United States today.  Encourage the elderly to stop smoking or at least to smoke outside to decrease the presence of second hand smoke in their home.  Finally, while steps can be taken to decreases the amount of particulate matter introduced into the homes of the elderly, it is impossible to completely eliminate it. Installing an air purifier and changing the air filters in your heating and cooling system regularly is one of the best ways to keep the air in our elderly friends’ and family’s homes safe.

Average air pollution resulting from motor vehicle exhaust or factory fumes. With the fumes, the air becomes dirty and we who breathe it too will feel crowded. Even if we pollute the air with za-specific substance, the air can be toxic you know. We take a look at the time of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Many diagnostic time after the atomic bomb was exploded, certainly we know there is a large mushroom cloud that soared high into the sky. Well mushroom cloud carries radioactive dust particles are very dangerous. A few days later after missing the mushroom cloud, rain water which is black and thick. The water was so poisonous you know. But the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced to drink it and be able to guess their experience toxicity.

That’s the danger of pollution that we do not realize. In the meantime, we still spend wastes that can menyebabkanpolusi. So it can be said if we continue to remove waste, then the pollution will not be inevitable. For that we must be smart to treat wastes that exist and exert every effort to restore natural resources that have been exposed to pollution. In fact many ways to clean up polluted natural resources.

To restore contaminated land, we can make soil conservation. How do I? The trick is to greening. Plants can help to enrich the soil and can absorb some chemicals from the soil. For water, we can do the filtering water with advanced technology or the technology is simple. For advanced technology, it seems difficult for us ordinary people do it because it is expensive. So we should do the filtering water with simple technology. The trick is by stacking layers of sand, gravel, and soil in a drum. Then put the dirty water and if water has been flowing at the bottom of the drum, the water will be clean. The layers had been filter out impurities in the water so that water can be clean again.

For that we must all participate in the fight against waste and pollution for a better life. We have to find other technologies that can be used to reduce pollution in our environment.

Tests in mice showed, in the long run, dirty air can cause physical changes in the brain that lead to negative effects.

Although other studies have examined the effects of air pollution on the lungs, this study represents the first look at the effects of pollution on the brain, said Laura Fonken doctoral students from Ohio State University who led the research.

“The results show that the result of long-term exposure to air pollution have negarif effect on the brain that can trigger a variety of health problems,” he said, as reported in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

“This could have important and disturbing implications for those who live and work in polluted urban areas throughout the world, added Fonken.

Fonken and colleagues at Ohio expose some mice in filtered air, and partly to the polluted air for six hours a day, five days a week for almost half the animal’s lifetime is 10 months.

After 10 months of exposure, given a behavioral test in rats, including learning and memory tests.

After five days of training, they are placed in a bright area and given two minutes to find a hole to escape the dark where they will be more comfortable.

Mice that breathed polluted air takes longer to find out where the escape hole and on the next test they are more likely to forget its location.

In another experiment, mice who breathed polluted air show such symptoms of depression and anxiety-like levels higher.

For example: Every bathroom, you perform rituals such as body scrubs. If you are good habits, will be profitable, but if you are harming habits, it will have a negative impact on health. Some seemingly harmless habit, turned out to save the risk of brain damage.

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To be more clear, consider the following article.

No Breakfast

Quite a few people who assume that breakfast is not too important, and can be fattening. Or breakfast can cause drowsiness on the job later. This opinion is wrong. No breakfast result in fall in blood pressure which will reduce nutrient inputs to the brain thus resulting in deterioration of the brain.

Overeating

Sometimes people prefer not to snack, but take a large portion meals. Eating a lot directly without previously filled nothing but can cause digestive disorders, can cause swelling in the brain arteries, causing the decline of mental power.

Smoke

Many women smoking as a diversion from snacking or to banish stress. Smoking is a habit that can lead to shrinkage of brain memory power to multiply the direction to Alzheimer’s disease.

Excessive sugar consumption

The point is that eating too many sweet foods so that the high levels of sugar in the body. Actually sugar itself is not obtained from sweet foods such as candy or ice cream. All foods that contain sugar, and will increase if you eat other sweet foods. Excess sugars in the body will inhibit the absorption of protein and other nutrients by the body so that your body will lack nutrients and can lead to impaired brain development.

Air Pollution

A polluted environment will affect your health. Your brain is part of the body most in need of clean oxygen. By inhaling polluted air, contaminated with pollutants brain will thus be able to slow the Functions of the brain. 

Difficulty Sleeping

Sleep is one powerful way to rest the brain. If you have trouble sleeping nearly every night, and gone on long enough, it will accelerate the death of brain cells. 

Head covered with a blanket while sleeping

It has something to do with the point no.5. Sleeping with a blanket up to the head, make it harder to breathe properly. A result that appears is the brain would be deprived of oxygen and it will degrade the performance of our brain.

Working when ill

Often times the work load requires you to keep working despite being ill though. For information, keep working while ill or not in prime condition, will reduce the efficiency of work of the brain, and can lead to brain damage.

Rarely think

You know the point psikotest? The main function of several material psikotest it is to train our brains to think fast. As you know, thinking is one way to train our brain. Lack of exercise to stimulate the brain will cause performance degradation of the brain.

Rarely talk

There are many people quiet, but the silence of a person not because he does not want to talk, it could be because it only wants to talk if there is a hot topic. But there is also a quiet person who really did not want to talk. Speaking it is actually important to train our brain’s performance. By actively engaging in talks mainly about knowledge, will encourage and train the brain to maximum performance.

Worldwide Heating

Probably the greatest human being annoyed towards the stability associated with character offers arrive via the impact on worldwide heating. Numerous researchers think that worldwide heating offers affected our world in order to this type of level which big size and perhaps permanent results is going to be experienced globally.

Individuals results consist of modifications within our climate designs. Greater temps might be associated with a rise within precipitation. Greater temps can also be associated with more powerful and much more chaotic thunder storms for example Class four as well as 5 hurricanes.

Whilst high of the planet is actually going through much more precipitation as well as chaotic thunder storms, a few regions of the planet, for example The african continent, might encounter serious droughts. It’s dreaded which individuals droughts can lead to common starvation, illness and perhaps conflicts more than assets.

An additional main environment alter may be the burning associated with polar snow. Within around the final a century, the top section of snow offers reduced through regarding 50%. Glacier burning leads to landslides as well as surges. Additionally, it plays a role in an increase within ocean amounts which can lead to the actual disappearance associated with a few reduced laying island destinations around the world.

It’s also thought how the stability associated with character is going to be considerably interrupted within the pet empire in the event that worldwide heating isn’t tackled rapidly. A few researchers think that when the typical worldwide heat increases 1. 5-2. 5 Celsius levels (regarding two levels Fahrenheit) 20 -30% from the planet’s varieties which have been evaluated is going to be prone to annihilation. The actual image is actually much more serious when the conditions increases through 3. 5 level Celsius. For the reason that situation 40-70% from the varieties currently evaluated will end up wiped out.

The total amount associated with Character is actually Sensitive

It is necessary with regard to people to consider that people are simply part of the total amount. It’s not the obligation neither could it be the to alter which stability associated with energy which is not possible for all of us in order to anticipate all the outcomes in our measures, despite the actual cleverest thoughts and also the most recent pc versions. Therefore, for the personal security which in our kids it is necessary that people regard the total amount associated with character and also to perform the better to reside inside this instead of to change this.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of nitric acid.  This gas has a reddish brown and smell to bite.  There is also air pollution.  The main sources of NO2 are internal combustion engines, power plants and to a lesser extent, pulp mills.  Butane gas heaters and stoves are also a source.  The excess air for complete combustion of fuel in this process introduces nitrogen to the combustion reactions at high temperature and produces nitrogen oxides (NOx).  Limit NOx production requires precise control over the amount of air used in combustion.  Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has many industrial uses, including fertilizer production, as an oxidant in rocket fuels, such as a chemical reagent for the determination of trace metals in solutions, at the age of pine and Maple artificial.  Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of several nitrogen oxides.  Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases designated by the formula NOx.

Inhalation of nitrogen dioxide can irritate the upper respiratory tract and lungs, even at low concentrations.  Only one or two breaths of a very high concentration can cause serious toxicity.  Nitrogen dioxide is heavier than air, so that exposure to poorly ventilated, enclosed or confined areas can cause suffocation.  Are they dangerous nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide, the latter is in equilibrium with its dimer, nitrogen tetroxide.  Nitrogen dioxide is a colorless to brown at room temperature and a reddish brown gas above 70 degrees Fahrenheit with a low solubility in water.  Nitrogen dioxideis toxic by inhalation, but it is sharp and easily visible by smell.  A potential source of exposure is fuming nitric acid, which spontaneously produces NO 2 at temperatures above 0 ° C. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is part of a group of highly reactive gases containing nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts known as nitrogen oxides.  Many of these gases are colorless and odorless.  But, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is often combined with pollution particles in a layer of reddish brown in the air.

NOx gases produced by combustion at high temperatures.  The main sources of NOx are cars, electricity and other industrial products, burning of residential and commercial.  Nitrogen oxides react with other substances to form ground-level ozone.Nitrogen dioxide irritates the nose and throat, especially in people with asthma, and appears to increase susceptibility to respiratory infections.  Ground level ozone is formed when the gases NO 2 and others react to the presence of sunlight can also: irritate the airways, decreased lung function, increased sensitivity to allergens such as animals that trigger asthma attacks in general and inflame the lining of the lungs.  Normally, the damaged cells are removed and replaced as skin peels after a sunburn, but studies suggest that inflammation repeatedly over a long time can cause permanent loss of lung function and healing.  When nitrogen dioxide and / or ground-level ozone at unhealthy levels, children and people with respiratory diseases are the most primary health-based national standard risk.The Air quality for carbon dioxide nitrogen in the air set by the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States, 0,053 parts per million,  distributed in an entire year.  Because of the severity of these health effects, monitoring is always recommended that NO2 can be dangerous.  Select a fitter and monitoring system that can be connected to any existing PLC, DCS, or EMS.

We classify air pollutants into primary and secondary sources. Primary pollution is that which is emitted directly into the atmosphere by manmade activities, such as vehicle exhaust emissions (though something such as volcanic ash from an eruption will also be considered a primary pollutant).

Secondary pollutants are not directly emitted into the environment; however they will react with other chemicals and components of the atmosphere to form compounds which are harmful. A good example of secondary pollution is ground level ozone, which is a major component of smog over cities with heavy traffic volumes.

It is estimated that close to 4% of all recorded deaths in the United States are as a result of air pollution. Help out your home or office with one of the best air purifiers on the market.

The major pollutants include:

Sulfur Oxides

This is a combination of sulfur and oxygen and there are several variants, however sulfur dioxide is by far the most important. Sulfur Dioxide is created by industrial processes and also from volcanic activity, however burning any fossil fuel will create the compound, including any gas or diesel engine.

Sulfur oxides are usually capable of further chemical reaction to create other compounds which are also serious pollutants, notably nitrous oxides and sulfuric acid (also known as acid rain).

Nitrogen Oxides

Nitrogen oxide is a very harmful pollutant, especially nitrogen dioxide, which is typically responsible for the brownish-tinged dome of pollution you see hanging over cities. It is toxic to humans and animal life and is capable of further chemical reaction to create further dangerous pollutants.

Carbon Monoxide

This is a colorless gas which is poisonous to humans and animals. In confined spaces it is fatal as it stops the blood from being able to carry oxygen and because it is odorless and tasteless, the victims do not realize they are being affected until it is too late.

Carbon Dioxide

This is a greenhouse gas which is naturally generated by plant life; however man has significantly increased the amount in the atmosphere. The problem with carbon dioxide is that it reacts with the salt water of the world’s oceans, and this creates acid compounds which are damaging our seas and the marine life within.

Organic Volatiles

Also known as Volatile Organic Compounds or VOCs; these are the major group of atmospheric pollutants which are generally termed greenhouse gases. Methane is one example and is a major contributor to global warming and the deterioration of the atmosphere’s ability to regulate our temperature. In addition, VOCs interact with the ozone layer and this leads to further deterioration in the earth’s ability to protect us from the harmful UV rays emanating from the sun.

Particulate Pollution

Particulate pollution is emitted from a wide range of sources, some natural but mostly they are from human activity. Car emissions are a major source of particulate pollution, which is typically comprised of very small particles (smaller in diameter than the thickness of a human hair) and liquid droplets suspended in the air. They are a major cause of concern for people because the very fine particles are able to find their way into the lungs.

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2.0 Discussion

2.01 Rapid Industrialization versus Air Pollution

Man has become the main victim of industrial pollution. Today, pollution related illnesses like asthma and chronic lung illnesses kill more people than malaria. A major air pollutant that affects human health is smog. Generally, this pollutant is comprised mainly of ozone. When inhaled, smog reduces the ability of lungs to function normally by damaging their linings. In most cases, children below the age of five years and the elderly are more vulnerable. Where smog is produced abundantly, air quality deteriorates especially during hot weather, and it is during this period that asthma cases rise. Industries associated with massive smog emissions are those that operate in manufacturing sectors (Jorgenson, 2007). As the number of industries rise, so is the amount of smog and ozone.

The second industrial revolution saw the emergence of electrical power plants. Three centuries later, the number of electrical power plants has kept on rising as the demand for this form of power increases. In the modern era, electric power is used in almost every aspect of our lives. In the developed world, for instance, electricity is used to drive tooth brushes. In other areas, trains that initially relied on coal power are now relying on electricity. It is very unfortunate, thus, to note that electric power plants emit more than 70% of annual global sulfur dioxide and about 30% of nitric oxides (Erisman, 2007. A combination of the two oxides with atmospheric moisture results to what is commonly known as “acid rain”. Devastating environmental effects are associated with acid rain. Some of these effects are corrosion of iron sheets, statues and buildings. The same pollutant is believed to be a major cause of deforestation and etching of cars’ paints. Most importantly, when acid rain mixes with sea water, it causes depletion of oxygen meaning that marine life cannot survive in such conditions (Landon, 2006).

Staying with electric power plants, it is noted that these plants are also major emitters of toxins into the air. Key toxins associated with electric power plants include asbestos, toluene, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium. The most unfortunate thing about all these toxins is that they cause serious health effects on all those who form part of human food chain. For example, mercury emissions build up in marine life, and so when humans consume any marine product, like fish, then some health concerns arise. In addition to this emission, there is lead which is largely associated with metal processing industries. The regrettable thing about this emission is that lead deposits find their way on leaves of plants. When animals consume these plants, and then just like with mercury, health concerns arise as herbivores form part of human food chain.

Global warming is remains to be the most controversial issue in the 21st century. Environmental scientists suggest that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases. These are a combination of several gases, but the major ones are carbon dioxide and monoxide and methane. Greenhouse gases are responsible for rising atmospheric temperatures. In extreme cases, these gases may cause river, lakes and sea levels to rise. This means that, as the globe continues to experience global warming, chances of flooding increases. Apart from harmful effects on the environment, global warming is also thought to have extremely unfavorable effects on human health. A number of diseases are associated with global warming and these include Lyme disease, dengue fever, malaria, plague and cholera.

Although there are international calls to reduce emission of greenhouses gases, there are a number of setbacks. Major setbacks being that, industrialized countries are trying to maintain their industrial output while developing countries are trying to industrialize. The overall effect of this is a rise in the number of industries, and this ultimately translates to increased levels of greenhouses being emitted annually. Power generation industries are again the major causes of global warming. According to the year 2000 estimates, these industries emit more than 8000teragrams of carbon dioxide, and 3teragrams of methane. In total, this industry alone accounts for 31% of greenhouse gases emitted annually. Second on the list of industries causing global warming is the refineries (Croitoru, 2010. This industrial sub sector emits more than 5000teragrams of carbon dioxide and 8teragrams of methane. In summary, refineries alone accounts for 15 percent of greenhouses gases emitted per year. Third on the list is the road sector. As countries continue to develop, automobiles no longer become luxuries, but necessities. Almost everyone in the developed world owns a car while those in the developing world are also striving to get there. What is currently happening is that the number of vehicles being introduced into the road is rapidly rising. Consequently, vehicle emissions are rising. By the year 2005, the vehicles emissions accounted for almost the same percentage as the refineries in as far as greenhouse gases emission is concerned. Other sectors that contribute appreciably to global warming are gas production and transportation, coal mining and processing, oil extraction and refining, international shipping, rail and non road transportation and bio fuel production sectors.

2.02 Industrialization and Land Pollution

Gone are the days when the agricultural sector would use organic farming methods. Modern agriculture has defied the idea of going “green”, and has instead opted for inorganic means. Initially, farmers would use nonchemical fertilizers for their farms, and organic feeds for their animals. Today, industries that offer farmers an alternative has sprang up. These industries produce on a large scale chemical fertilizers, and commercial feeds that have short run benefits on both the farmers and land. In the long run, all stakeholders stand to lose to due to the distressing effects caused by agricultural and related industries. Prolonged use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides lead to massive land pollution and reducing fertility of the same. The ill-fated thing about these chemicals is that they are prone to run offs meaning that far off areas may also get affected. For instance, run off from a piece of land which has a record of long term chemical use may threaten survival wildlife and marine life. Furthermore, there is proof that extensive consumption of commercial feeds by livestock may also contribute to land pollution. Animal excrement from such livestock may accumulate and leach into underground water.

Dumping of industrial waste also contributes to land pollution. In 2007 alone, Environment Protection Agency of the United Sates noted that there were more than 10 million pounds of harmful pollutants dumped. Major pollutants identified by this survey were heavy metals that comprise mainly of mercury, lead and arsenic compounds. But that’s not all; dumping sites are a common phenomenon in all countries (developed or otherwise).dumping sites and areas where factories are decommissioned get adversely polluted, and so a simple clean up may not suffice. Such sites are termed as Brownfield sites (Nelson, 2009). What these locations have in common is that soil beneath them is polluted with petrochemicals, heavy metals and construction debris. The unfortunate thing to note is that dumping sites and factories have become a necessity. Demand for industrial products is on the rise due to the effects of urbanization, overpopulation and lifestyle change.  As the demand for industrial products rise, so are the wastes increasing and so are the dumping sites becoming a necessity. What is complicating things even more is that most industrial products are inorganic and so cannot decompose. In addition, the culture of recycling has not yet been adopted.

Continued use of chemical fertilizers, as already noted, have short run beneficial effects on productivity. In the long run, farmers stand to lose. In 2005, for example, a study showed that farmers in China had their rice production drop by more than 40 billion kilograms (Brett, 2010). This connotes that chemical fertilizers reduce the ability of soil to sustain crop productivity. In the same connection, environmental protection agency in China has revealed that more than 7 million hectares of farmland have been polluted by chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. According to the agency, reversal of this phenomenon may not be possible or may take quite a while. This is because China’s population is on the increase and so is demand for jobs. Policy makers, thus, may not order reduction in productivity, in these industries, as this would hurt the economy by increasing unemployment and dependence rates.

It is also important to note that land pollution also has harmful effects on human health. When crops grow on polluted soils, human beings consume these crops innocently. Some of the chemicals used as pesticides contain “persistent” compounds that remain on soils and on crops for a long time. Some of these pollutants are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Lindane (Y-Ch). Health problems associated with these two is birth defects, skin diseases and cancers.

2.03 Water Pollution versus Industrialization

Ground water is mainly polluted through leaching processes. Surface water on the other hand gets polluted through a number of ways. One of the ways that rivers, lakes and seas, get polluted is when sulfur oxides combine with moisture to form acid rain then these flows into the water sources. Runoffs from polluted agricultural land, also leads to water pollution. Other ways that surface water gets polluted is through oil spills, water runoff from dumping sites and through deliberate disposal of industrial waste into water bodies (Brett, 2010).

3.0 Conclusion

Economies all over the world understand that rapid industrialization is one of the surest ways of achieving accelerated economic growth. This, however, causes other problems like rapid urbanization and population explosion. Worse still, rapid industrialization causes adverse effects on environmental quality. Today, industrialized countries are aiming to maintain their industrial capacity while developing ones are trying to catch up with their developed counterparts. The net effect of this is an increased industrial growth a fact that does not auger well with the environment. All aspects of the environment have been affected as industries strive to produce enough for the ever rising population. Land, water and air have constantly been polluted over the years. Human beings have also not been left out, when any of the three components of the environment suffers an imbalance, man, flora and fauna also gets affected. Greenhouse gases are major pollutants of the environment while agricultural chemicals and dumping are associated with land pollution. Water sources are affected by either leaching of pollutants into underground water sources or runoffs from polluted surfaces (Kurland, 2008).

4.0 Recommendation

Although rapid industrialization is associated with environmental degradation, it does not mean that is does not have its positive side. This practice cannot be wished away especially by countries that aim to achieve accelerated economic growth.     What thus needs to be done is controlling what comes as the aftermath of this exercise. Everyone and not only industrialists has a role to play. Environmentalists have suggested a number of measures that can be used to maintain a healthy environment.

First, people have to reduce emission from vehicles by relying not on private transport, but turning to public means. This means that the automobiles plying all routes go down and in so doing, annual emissions drop. Using well serviced vehicles also reduces emissions per vehicle and ultimately total emissions.

Secondly, it needs to be understood that power generating plants are a major cause of pollution. In this connection, masses need to use renewable sources of energy like wind and solar power.

Thirdly, burning of methane can also save the environment. This gas is a major greenhouse gas that causes global warming. It is thought to cause more harm than does carbon dioxide. Instead of emitting this into the atmosphere, industries should consider burning it (Hill, 2010).

The fourth suggestion has a lot to do with recycling. Dump sites account for a considerable level of overall pollution. This can be reduced by recycling of waste. Inorganic waste products like plastics and other non-biodegradable materials should not be disposed without recycling.

Fifth, farmers should consider the option of using organic farming methods. Pesticides, herbicides and commercial feeds are major causes of land pollution and so should be avoided. Using of organic fertilizers enhances the ability of land to sustain crop production for a prolonged period of time (Zhao, 2010).

2.    With hotels and airports coming up at beaches, birds and reptiles that nest on beaches are disturbed by the noise and bright lights.

3.    Monk seals are some of the rarest seals in the world. There are less then 500 Mediterranean monk seals and 1500 Hawaiian monk seals left, and the Caribbean monk seal is already extinct.

4.    In 1830s, the world population stood at 1000 million. But it took only 100 more years for this population to double it self.

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