The older, visual method of lie detection includes such things as changes in facial expression, sweating, pupil dilation or contraction, certain eye movements, nervousness/fidgeting, changes in rates of breathing, body language, and inappropriate reactions.

Facial expressions can be indicative of a lie, in that they are involuntary, and the subject is unaware of them. Therefore, he does not do anything to stop them. Some facial signs of a lie are a forced, rigid smile using only the mouth and not the whole face, no eye contact, pursed lips, eyes darting around the room as if looking for an escape route, lip biting/chewing, and shaking the head from side to side as if saying “no”.

Body language is another way to spot a possible lie. The liar may touch/scratch is nose or behind his ear. He may have less limb movements than if telling the truth, and those movements are toward the body rather than outward, in an effort to make his body appear smaller. A liar may get defensive, while a non-liar will often go on the offensive. A liar may leave out pronouns and speak in a monotone, while a non-liar will emphasize the pronouns. A liar may turn his head/body away from his questioner/accuser. A liar adds  unnecessary details to his explanation, and tries to fill in conversational gaps with anything, even if it makes no sense. His words, grammar, and syntax may not make sense when speaking.

When reacting to his accuser/interrogator, a liar will unconsciously place things between himself and his accuser/interrogator, such as, a chair, table, desk, books, or cups, etc. A liar may form his sentences without contractions. Instead of saying, “I can’t go today”, he will say, “I cannot go today.” The liar’s gestures and expressions do not match his statements, (smiling when apologizing). The liar’s emotions/gestures are not appropriate for the subject being discussed. A liar will try to change the subject.

There are problems with the old style deception detection, one of which is, polygrapher human bias. Some of the reactions may be interpreted subjectively, and may not be true results. Another problem is cross-cultural communications. There is the problem of dealing with an antisocial personality disorder (uncaring about the needs of others). This type has a low guilt/anxiety level, which causes skewed results. Then there are good actors, who have learned/been trained, to manipulate the machines and beat the system. One more problem is that undergoing a polygraph is stressful, and could result in a false reading.

Hi-tech lie detection methods include things like changes in heart rate and blood pressure, skin temperature (galvanic skin responses), facial microexpressions, etc. With these machines, we can see into the human brain and chart a map of responses when specific areas light up. There are certain computer programs that watch a person as he is being questioned and know whether or not he is suppressing information, having feelings not consistent with what he is saying, or outright lying.

The new high-tech machines virtually do away with the subjectivity problems. But one problem the new machines cannot solve is that of ethics. Where does the privacy and human dignity of a subject begin? Does the end justify the means? Does the protection of the masses mean we are justified in ignoring the rights of a possible liar? Does skulking around in a subject’s brain constitute invasion of privacy?

These children turn to antisocial personality. They are controlled by law, and other means but they continuously create trouble for society. They are dangerous for society. We as a responsible social member must keep an eye on them and try to eradicate the trouble creating sense from these persons. There are many ways by which their bad habits can be changed and develop them as a good person which can assist to expand more civilized society.

First of all we must take care of their needs, education, basic requirement and their employment. We must also scrutinize their habits, way of dealing with problems, moral reasoning. Through proper conversation and counseling, they can change their personality and find them as an important part of society.