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	<title>Socyberty &#187; athens</title>
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		<title>Protesters Burn Buildings in Athens</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/issues/protesters-burn-buildings-in-athens/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/issues/protesters-burn-buildings-in-athens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 09:06:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/Ixodoi">Ixodoi</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demonstrator against cut program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greece]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protesters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syntagma Square]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[As the Greek Parliament in Athens discussing the &#34;cut program&#34; that is required by Europe, Athens streets are burning. The protesters set fire to at least ten buildings, offices and cafes. They clash with police, firing tear gas. 100 thousand in the streets of Athens, tens of thousands of Thessaloniki.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Greece is burning again toward the  approval to budget cuts. Greek policemen shot tonight (Sunday) tear gas at demonstrators outside parliament in Athens, where parliament members are considering the non-popular &#8220;cuts program&#8221;, needed to ensure the help of global financial institutions. Police said that 100 thousand people came out to protest in the streets of Athens, and set fire to at least 10 ​​structures. In Thessaloniki 20 thousand protesters gathered. Six injured in clashes with police and were rushed to hospitals.<br /><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/9wa_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="296" /> Demonstration turned violent when protesters tried to break police barricade<br /><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/9wa2_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="272" /> &#8220;Starbucks&#8221; is on fire   <br /><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/5wa3_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="268" /> Protester throws a petrol bomb at police   <br />The crowds started to gather in the afternoon, entire families were counted, for a demonstration at Syntagma Square in front of the legislature. The square was once the focus of mass demonstrations against the economic plan. Incidents of violence began when a group of protesters tried to cross the police barrier that was placed around Parliament. Police responded by firing tear gas.<br /> Demonstrators threw rocks and threw Molotov cocktails at police and adjacent streets into battlefields. Masked men smashed windows and torched stores of at least five buildings, including the Bank, a cinema and cafes.<br /><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/8wa_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="284" /> cinema is on fire.   <br /><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/10wa2_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="283" /> Demonstrators threw Molotov cocktails. Athens, tonight.</p>
<p><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2012/02/12/11wa3_1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="271" /> The police removed the protesters from parliament.</p>
<p>The parliament member are expected to approve austerity measures that influence almost every aspect of the Greek economy which is in a hard debt crisis. The program is expected to contain measures such as from cutting public servants wages, employee pensions and even reducing the minimum wage.</p>
<p>Cabinet ministers of the  Greek government approved the provisional, difficult and painful cuts program yesterday. It reduces more than 13 billion euros from the budget. Now, Parliament&#8217;s approval is required and another cut of 325 million euros is needed to meet the demands posed to the Greeks by the European Central Bank, the World Bank and the IMF &#8211; as a condition for assistance in arranging state debts.</p>
<p>Cabinet approved the draft plan after Prime Minister Lucas Ffdmos threatened to fire any minister that would dare to object. &#8220;Anyone who would not vote for the new reforms will not be able to stay in the government,&#8221; said Ffdmos in a speech to the Greek Cabinet, after the announcement of the resignation of three ministers of Greece and 3 deputy ministers who disapproved of the new austerity plan. Conversely, great pressure on ministers on Greek Street.</p>
<p></p>
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		<title>Early Islamic Portrayal of Aristotle</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/history/early-islamic-portrayal-of-aristotle/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/history/early-islamic-portrayal-of-aristotle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2012 15:50:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/hsnbwn">hsnbwn</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aristotle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Early Islamic portrayal of Aristotle.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon. During that time he gave lessons not only to Alexander, but also to two other future kings: Ptolemy andCassander. In his <i>Politics</i>, Aristotle states that only one thing could justify monarchy, and that was if the virtue of the king and his family were greater than the virtue of the rest of the citizens put together. Tactfully, he included the young prince and his father in that category. Aristotle encouraged Alexander toward eastern conquest, and his attitude towards Persia was unabashedly ethnocentric. In one famous example, he counsels Alexander to be &#8216;a leader to the Greeks and a despot to the barbarians, to look after the former as after friends and relatives, and to deal with the latter as with beasts or plants&#8217;. By 335 BC he had returned to Athens, establishing his own school there known as the Lyceum. Aristotle conducted courses at the school for the next twelve years. While in Athens, his wife Pythias died and Aristotle became involved with Herpyllis of Stageira, who bore him a son whom he named after his father, Nicomachus. According to the Suda, he also had an Eromenos, Palaephatus of Abydus. It is during this period in Athens from 335 to 323 BC when Aristotle is believed to have composed many of his works. Aristotle wrote many dialogues, only fragments of which survived. The works that have survived are in Treatise form and were not, for the most part, intended for widespread publication, as they are generally thought to be lecture aids for his students. His most important treatises include physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, politics, De Anima<i> (On the Soul)</i> and Poetics.</p>
<p>Aristotle not only studied almost every subject possible at the time, but made significant contributions to most of them. In physical science, Aristotle studied anatomy, astronomy, embryology, geography, geology, meteorology, physics and zoology. In philosophy, he wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, economics, psychology, rhetoric and theology. He also studied education, foreign customs, literature and poetry. His combined works constitute a virtual encyclopedia of Greek knowledge. It has been suggested that Aristotle was probably the last person to know everything there was to be known in his own time. Near the end of Alexander&#8217;s life, Alexander began to suspect plots against himself, and threatened Aristotle in letters. Aristotle had made no secret of his contempt for Alexander&#8217;s pretense of divinity, and the king had executed Aristotle&#8217;s grandnephew Callisthenes as a traitor. A widespread tradition in antiquity suspected Aristotle of playing a role in Alexander&#8217;s death, but there is little evidence for this.</p>
<p>Upon Alexander&#8217;s death, anti-Macedonian sentiment in Athens once again flared. Eurymedon the hierophant denounced Aristotle for not holding the gods in honor. Aristotle fled the city to his mother&#8217;s family estate in Chalcis, explaining, &#8220;I will not allow the Athenians to sin twice against philosophy,&#8221; a reference to Athens&#8217;s prior trial and execution of Socrates. However, he died in Euboea ofnatural causes within the year (in 322 BC). Aristotle named chief executor his student Antipater and left a will in which he asked to be buried next to his wife.[</p>
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		<title>With reference to &#8216;Peace&#8217;, &#8216;Acharnians, and &#8216;the Knights&#8217; how seriously do you think we can take Aristophanes; Pacifism and Patriotism?</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/politics/with-reference-to-peace-acharnians-and-the-knights-how-seriously-do-you-think-we-can-take-aristophanes-pacifism-and-patriotism/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/politics/with-reference-to-peace-acharnians-and-the-knights-how-seriously-do-you-think-we-can-take-aristophanes-pacifism-and-patriotism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jan 2012 02:20:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/SophieLouise">SophieLouise</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aristophanes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greece]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[war]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Essay I did for Classical Civilisation sometime last year.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The &nbsp;reality of war between Athens and Sparta provides a constant background for Aristophanes&rsquo; plays; and it is not until <i>Peace </i>where the reality of living in peace seems possible, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias being in the march of the same year, as a result of this the ideas of pacifism and patriotism is a constant theme in the plays which we have studied, however how seriously we can take this is questionable.&nbsp; Furthermore the idea of the Athenian Democracy being corrupt is repeatedly brought up throughout the few plays, particularly in regard to Cleon and to a lesser extent Hyperbolus, both of who came about after the death of Pericles who had previously been the leading statesmen in Athens and Athenian Democracy. This further brings about the question of how patriotic Aristophanes&rsquo; was.</p>
<p>The countryside plays an important role in the lives of the Greeks, however as a result of the Peloponnesian War the prosperity of life in the country is no longer possible for farmers such as Trygaeus and Dikaipolis&rsquo;; it doesn&rsquo;t take much to ruin a crop as a result the lifestyle of the countryside can easily be destroyed.&nbsp; In <i>Acharnians</i>, Aristophanes&rsquo; sets up a sort of opposition between life in the country and life in the city, this opposition is expressed in economic terms where in the country &ldquo;<i>we produced everything we needed for ourselves&rdquo; </i>&ndash; as a result life in the country is easier because they do not need the money which is required in the city, they are self-sufficient. It is clear that Dikaipolis wants to go back to the country, probably the case of other farmers too, when he says <i>&ldquo;all the time I&rsquo;m gazing at the countryside over yonder and pining for peace, cursing the city and yearning to get back to the countryside&rdquo;</i>, by pursuing a personal peace and accomplishing this he would able to return to his life in the country.&nbsp; In <i>Peace </i>we see how it is the ordinary people of Athens who want peace, the chorus is made up of the working men who want peace, suggesting like what is very much examined as the main theme throughout <i>The Knights </i>that the democracy which should be occurring in Athens due to the Assembly is not happening due to the corruptness within it &ndash; it is becoming a demagoguery.</p>
<p>In <i>Peace</i> the brilliant idea which allows Trygaeus to get to heaven, a flying dung beetle is an agricultural one, suggesting that those who want peace are the patriotic ones because they are able to use things which are important to the way in which they live their lives.&nbsp; Furthermore as a reward for obtaining peace he is presented with Festival, who he <i>&ldquo;[presents to Chairman Executive Committee]&rdquo; </i>and also Harvest who he keeps so that he <i>&ldquo;may be the father of innumerable pretty little bunches of grapes&rdquo;</i>. This once again shows that peace is not unpatriotic, because it allows people to live their lives in a natural state of affairs without the worry of being summoned for war and having to have <i>&ldquo;rations for three days&rdquo;</i> ready. Furthermore in <i>Peace</i> a pestle is used as a metaphor for the cities which have been destroyed such as <i>&ldquo;city of leeks, ruin on ruin on ruin&hellip; today you shall be destroyed&rdquo;</i> &ndash; it is the crop of the land which is being destroyed, further showing the importance of the land in Greece and how by destroying this it is being unpatriotic.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Throughout <i>The Knights, Peace </i>and <i>Acharnians</i>, the idea of the war being unnecessary is a constant theme; this is certainly even more apparent in <i>The Knights</i> where the events in Pylos the previous year (425BC) could have brought an end to the war. As Sparta had sent peace envoys to Athens only for them to be turned away by Cleon &ndash; <i>&ldquo;she says she came you of her own accord&hellip;with a basket full of peace treaties for you, and three times in full Assembly, you voted her down&rdquo;</i>. After the events in Pylos many thought, in particular Cleon, that Athens could win the war without a peace treaty having to be made &ndash; in reality Athens lost the war seventeen years after the events in Pylos and the opportunity of peace. Aristophanes suggests that it is largely due to the unwillingness and corruption within the city&rsquo;s administration which prevents peace, suggesting that a large amount of Athenians want peace, although no Greek was a pacifist; however it is difficult to know how likely corruption was and how reliable Aristophanes&rsquo; is about it. Particularly in regards to the corruption it is suggested that Cleon is part of because the grudge he holds against his (his experience is shown in <i>Acharnians</i>) &ndash; &ldquo;<i>he dragged me into the Council Chamber, made all sorts of trumped-up charges&hellip;I very nearly perished in the flood of filth&rdquo;.</i> In the opening sequence of <i>The Knights</i> we several examples of how the concern of the Boule is not with getting peace, <i>&ldquo;How to get peace &ndash; they don&rsquo;t give a damn about that&rdquo; </i>but rather on getting a good seat. &nbsp;In <i>&ldquo;The Knights&rdquo; </i>we see how Cleon is a bully, despite his status as a slave, <i>&ldquo;what else can we do? If we say no, we&rsquo;ll find ourselves shitting eight times as hard when he spins his yarn to master&rdquo;, </i>by Cleon being a bully throughout the play is suggests that corruption is happening with the city&rsquo;s administration because Cleon is able to get his way through undemocratic methods. Aristophanes&rsquo; uses the complex insult of <i>&ldquo;he can have his arse in Bigholia, his hands in the public purse, and his Robbers&rsquo; Vale, all at one and the same moment&rdquo;</i>- this is bad for the democracy because it effectively means that one person is able to run a so called democracy, it has effectively become a demagoguery. &nbsp;Furthermore is <i>&ldquo;hands in the purse&rdquo;, </i>suggests that Cleon is using his position to take money from the state for his own gain, how plausible this claim is however is not clear because of the constant financial checks to make sure something like that is not happening, corruption however one would think of a sort must be happening because otherwise Aristophanes would not keep bringing this idea up. Later on in the play, the idea that Cleon just wants money is once again brought up <i>&ldquo;with enormous purses full of money&rdquo;</i> &ndash; it is only then that he is interest in who is coming. Aristophanes&rsquo; hate towards Cleon is further reinforced by the idea of a sausage-seller being able to do a better job than Cleon because he is better qualified because the sausage-seller is from &ldquo;<i>the worst birth you could think of&rdquo;</i> making him more qualified than Cleon because politics is <i>&ldquo;for illiterate scum like you now!&rdquo;</i> &ndash; which is possibly the single harshest comment on the situation in Athens at the time.&nbsp; The comment suggests that the democracy used to actually be a democracy, however now politicians <i>&ldquo;[can&rsquo;t have] any secret virtues on [their] conscience&rdquo;</i>, effectively meaning that they are no longer allowed to be nice or honest, Aristophanes&rsquo; his describing his view on Cleon and the general state of the city&rsquo;s administration. In the closing stages of the play the state of the democracy is described as having <i>&ldquo;the wool [pulled] over yer eyes and left you in the lurch&rdquo;</i>, the assembly through Cleon had become open to abuse. The Sausage-seller is able to &lsquo;cure&rsquo; the democracy by boiling Thepeople &ndash;<i>&ldquo;I&rsquo;ve boiled Thepeople, made him young again&rdquo; </i>referring to the early days of the democracy when it was still a fair one, this boiling as made Thepeople like <i>&ldquo;he is as when, in the brave days of old&rdquo;.</i></p>
<p>For Greeks, the idea of pacifism wasn&rsquo;t really around as a result making Aristophanes&rsquo; plea for peace, through the characters in his play, somewhat unusual which to some extent gives the impression that maybe it isn&rsquo;t that serious, however you do feel it is. This may partially be due to his hate of Cleon, almost like he doesn&rsquo;t want to believe what he does, or it may be that he is seeing the consequences of war and realises that it is a war they probably won&rsquo;t win. Through his use of the countryside we see how is patriotic, despite his want for plea, this is further reinforced by the fact that he is willing, if it is true, to undermine the democracy and expose the corruption within it.</p>
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		<title>&#8220;The Protester&#8221;: Person of The Year for Time Magazine</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/issues/the-protester-person-of-the-year-for-time-magazine/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Dec 2011 23:11:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/lordkwate">lordkwate</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magazine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[person]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The protester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time magazine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Year]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The magazine was a recognition of people around the world took to the streets to fight for their rights. &#34;From Athens Arab Spring of "Busy Wall Street" to Moscow, '&#34; says the magazine.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The figure of the &#8220;protester&#8221; was chosen as &#8220;Person of the Year&#8221; by Time magazine, in recognition of people around the world, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, who took to the streets to fight for&nbsp;their rights.</p>
<p>&#8220;From Athens Arab Spring of &#8216;Busy Wall Street to Moscow,&#8217;&#8221; says the magazine on its cover, which shows a boy on the lower half of his face covered by a handkerchief.</p>
<p>The magazine&#8217;s editor, Richard Stengel, who announced the result on the &#8220;Today Show&#8221; on NBC, said the decision pays tribute to &#8220;the men and women around the world, particularly Eastern&nbsp;medium, which brought down governments and a sense of democracy and dignity to people who have not had before. &#8220;</p>
<p>&#8220;These are people that history is already changing and will change the story in the future,&#8221; said Stengel.</p>
<p>&#8220;We thought that these dictators would not be overthrown. And then these people risked their lives, risked their homes, their livelihoods, to go out and bring a change that no one had expected. It&#8217;s really something transformative and I think that is changing the&nbsp;world for the better, &#8220;he said.</p>
<p>The 2011 was the scene of an unstoppable wind of change from northern Africa, where popular demonstrations to topple the regimes in power spread like an oil stain from Tunisia to Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen.</p>
<p>Those protests, which often ended in bloodshed, were the inspiration for frustrated people in Europe and the United States by rising unemployment, financial chaos and the inability of governments to find solutions to the crisis that began in 2008.</p>
<p>&#8220;There is a contagion of protest (&#8230;). Because Iran anticipated what would happen in the Arab world and what happened in the Arab world influenced Let&#8217;s go occupy and occupy Wall Street Oakland and protests in Greece and Madrid,&#8221; said Stengel&nbsp;.</p>
<p>Among the finalists this year for the title of &#8220;Person of the Year&#8221; by Time were Kate Middleton, wife of Prince William of England, and Admiral William McRaven, commander of the group U.S. Navy SEAL who eliminated Osama bin Laden&nbsp;a daring operation in Pakistan in May.</p>
<p>Also toyed with the name of Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder of whose recent death sent shock waves around the world, though his name was ruled out because &#8220;this was not the year that transformed&#8221; the technology industry, Stengel said.</p>
<p>In 2010, Time was selected as &#8220;Person of the Year&#8221; by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who by then had become with his 26 years in the second youngest in history, after the American aviator Charles Lindbergh, personality of the year&nbsp;1927, when he was 25.</p>
<p>I hope you liked it!</p>
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		<title>Comparing Athens and Sparta is Comparing Heaven and Hell</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/history/comparing-athens-and-sparta-is-comparing-heaven-and-hell/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/history/comparing-athens-and-sparta-is-comparing-heaven-and-hell/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 15:37:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/The+Shorteroxford">The Shorteroxford</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ancient Greece Essay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Athens + Sparta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heaven and hell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sparta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[That comparing Athens and Sparta is comparing Heaven and Hell.]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This is a brief essay I wrote when I was in 7th Grade. Whilst the title is pretty self explanatory, this essay is a good starting point to learn about the cultural diversities and standards of the two great states of Ancient Greece.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Topic:<i> </i><i>&ldquo;Comparing Athens and Sparta is like comparing Heaven and Hell.&rdquo;</i></p>
<p>Comparing Athens and Sparta is like comparing Heaven and Hell. The two are almost complete opposites. However, that is not to say that one was always good, and the other always bad. Each had its own pros and cons as measured by today&#8217;s standards in Australian society. The three key aregumens which support this theses are as follows: the treatement and views on woman and citizenship. The view which the two opposing sates took on freedom of choice, and finally, the states views on both the arts, and luxuries.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Woman in Sparta lived vastly different lives to the woman in Athens. For example Spartan woman had a lot more rights, as well as respect. Though with this came more responsibilities. An example of this is that women in Sparta were expected to fend for themselves and, in times of war when the men were away in battle look after the community, even fight if it where necessary. Where as in Athens women were seen as necessary but inferior beings, who were not even classed as a citizen and who&rsquo;s only role in life was to produce a male heir. According to Aristotle, an Ancient Greek Athenian Philosopher &ldquo;Silence is the greatest possession a woman could have.&rdquo;1 This really shows the Athenian&rsquo;s viewed woman as an inferior object as opposed to the Spartan&rsquo;s view on woman as a much more important and much more equal contributor to society.</p>
<p>Sparta and Athens also had very different views on freedom of choice. For example In Sparta there was only one compulsory job as a male, to become a soldier for the States military. From the age of seven young boys were taken away from their families and put through a series of gruelling military camps until the age of 30. While in the military young men were taught that to die in battle was to die a &ldquo;beautiful death.&rdquo;2 After reaching the age of 30 men were allowed have their own land and become a citizen. Were as in Athens people had a lot more freedom of choice. There was no such thing as compulsory enrolment in the military. People had a lot more freedom of choice. For example boys and men could learn and teach topics other than military subjects, such as philosophy, mathematics, geometry. Greek scholars such as Aristotle and Pythagoras are evidence of the richness of Athenian society and the freedom to learn and express ideas.</p>
<p>Athens had a much greater influence on Arts and music than Sparta. While Spartan&rsquo;s had only one lifestyle, a compulsory military training, Athens was a much more versatile place, with a greater influence on music and arts. Life in Athens would have included a great deal more entertainment, such as theatre and parties, luxuries such as beautiful houses and plenty of food and radical ways of thinking such as the ideology of a democracy. Athens itself was no bland place to be, with hundreds of monuments and massive architectural feats. Whereas, &ldquo;unlike Athens, Sparta is famous for not building things.&rdquo;3&nbsp; In Sparta things were much more bland and simple. The word spartan itself originated from the Spartan&rsquo; civilisation, as it was so absolutely minimalist and rugged.</p>
<p>In conclusion through comparing Sparta and Athens it is clear the two are almost complete opposites. However, unlike Heaven and Hell it is not as simple to say that one was always good and the other always bad. Each had its own good and bad points as measured by today&rsquo;s standards in Australian society. Sparta treated women more respectfully than Athens. On the other hand Athens allowed its citizens more freedom to express their ideas. Through greater freedom of expression Athenians enjoyed a more diverse culture and lifestyle.</p>
<p>1 Hughes Bettany 2007 <i>The truth about democracy</i></p>
<p>2 Hughes Bettany 2003<i> The Spartans </i></p>
<p>3 Hughes Bettany 2003<i> The Spartans</i></p>
<p><strong>Sources</strong></p>
<p>Harris, Nathaniel. (2000). <i>History of Ancient Greece</i>. London: Hamlyn</p>
<p>Hughes, Bettany. (2003). <i>The Spartans</i></p>
<p>Hughes, Bettany. (2007). <i>The truth about Democracy</i></p>
<p>Kenneth, Mcleish.&nbsp; (1975). <i>Greek art and architecture. </i>London: Longman</p>
<p>Nichols, Roger, &amp; Nichols, Sarah. (1978). <i>Greek everyday life. </i>London: Longman</p>
<p>Saldais, Maggy. (2009). <i>Oxford Big Ideas level 5</i>. Australia: Oxford University press</p>
<p>Warner, Rex.&nbsp; (1972). <i>Men of Athens. </i>London: George Rainbird Ltd</p>
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		<title>New Greek Premier Expected to be Named Tuesday</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/society/new-greek-premier-expected-to-be-named-tuesday/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/society/new-greek-premier-expected-to-be-named-tuesday/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2011 14:10:39 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Antonis Samaras]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[George Papandreou]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Lucas Papademos]]></category>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ATHENS, Greece (AP) &mdash; Greece will get a new prime minister later Tuesday, a senior government official said, as the country&#8217;s European partners ratcheted up the pressure for a swift resolution to the political crisis.</p>
<p>Talks between current Prime Minister George Papandreou and opposition leader Antonis Samaras have dragged into a second day as they try to hammer out a power-sharing deal. The two agreed over the weekend to forge an interim government that will shepherd the country&#8217;s new euro130 billion ($179 billion) European rescue package through Parliament.</p>
<p>Without  the deal, agreed less than two weeks ago, Greece would go bankrupt,  potentially wrecking Europe&#8217;s banking system and sending the global  economy back into recession.</p>
<p>As  yet, there are no precise details of when the new interim prime minister  will be announced but the pressure is rising on Greek politicians to  make decisions soon.</p>
<p>Another  senior government official said Greece&#8217;s eurozone partners are demanding  that five top Greek officials co-sign a letter reaffirming their  commitment to the country&#8217;s bailout deals and economic reforms, in  return for the release of a vital euro8 billion ($11 billion) loan  installment later this month. He said those officials are Papandreou and  Samaras, the Bank of Greece governor, the new prime minister and the  new finance minister.</p>
<p>Earlier,  the country&#8217;s ministers offered their resignations to Papandreou to pave  the way for the creation of the interim government, which is only  expected to last until Feb. 19.</p>
<p>&#8220;We  have made our resignation available to the prime minister in order to  help him with his actions,&#8221; Tourism Minister George Nikitiadis said. &#8220;My  feeling is that tonight we will have a name (of the new premier). It&#8217;s  going well.&#8221;</p>
<p>Deputy education  minister Evi Christophilopoulou echoed the sentiment, saying &#8220;we are  very close to forming a coalition government. This is very important for  the stability of the country.&#8221;</p>
<p>The  political crisis erupted last week, when Papandreou said he would put  the new European rescue package to a referendum, and the country&#8217;s  international creditors froze the payment of the next installment from  Greece&#8217;s current loans.</p>
<p>Papandreou  withdrew the plan Thursday after Samaras indicated he would back the  new deal. But frustrated with the political turmoil in Greece, the  international creditors have maintained the pressure even after the  public vote idea was officially canceled.</p>
<p>Papandreou  and Samaras reached a landmark agreement late Sunday for Papandreou to  step down and the temporary government to be formed. The new prime  minister would serve until an early election is held next year, with the  most likely date being Feb. 19, the finance ministry has said.</p>
<p>The  two main candidates being considered as interim premier are former  European Central Bank Vice President Lucas Papademos and European  Ombudsman Nikiforos Diamantouros, officials with knowledge of the  negotiations told The Associated Press. They asked not to be identified,  citing the sensitivity of the talks.</p>
<p>None of the people being considered have been announced publicly.</p>
<p>&#8220;What&#8217;s  happening is unbelievable,&#8221; said Dora Bakoyannis, a former foreign  minister and conservative party lawmaker who was expelled from the party  for breaking ranks and voting in favor of an earlier austerity plan.  She has now formed her own party.</p>
<p>&#8220;The  country cannot take these petty political games any longer &#8230; What are  they trying to do? Save their skin? But if the whole country goes down,  who&#8217;s skin will be saved?&#8221; she said on Greece&#8217;s Skai television.</p>
<p>&#8220;The  problem is not finding serious candidates, but whether those candidates  will be allowed to do their job and not asked to be puppets.&#8221;</p>
<p>Greece  has survived since May 2010 on a euro110 billion ($150 billion)  rescue-loan program from its eurozone partners and the International  Monetary Fund, but all agree it&#8217;s not enough. A second rescue package  has been created which involves private bondholders who have agreed to  cancel 50 percent of their Greek debt.</p>
<p>Though  Greece has been locked out of long-term bond markets because of  excessively-high interest rates, it has maintained a limited present in  the market for short-term cash.</p>
<p>It  raised euro1.3 billion in 26-week treasury bill auction Tuesday, with  the sale producing a yield of 4.89 percent, only marginally higher than  the 4.86 percent interest rate from a similar auction on Oct. 11.  Tuesday&#8217;s sale was 2.91 times oversubscribed, up on October&#8217;s equivalent  2.73.</p>
<p>In return for its bailout  cash, Greece has endured 20 months of punishing austerity measures. The  efforts by Papandreou&#8217;s government to keep the country solvent have  prompted violent protests, crippling strikes and a sharp decline in  living standards for most Greeks.</p>
<p>____</p>
<p>Associated Press writers Elena Becatoros and Nicholas Paphitis in Athens and Costas Kantouris in Thessaloniki contributed.</p>
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		<title>Greek Leaders Agree to Unity Authorities as Future Hangs in Balance</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/society/greek-leaders-agree-to-unity-authorities-as-future-hangs-in-balance/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Nov 2011 02:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Antonis Samaras]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Markets braced for more turmoil as key particulars of new deal still missing
George Papandreou waves from his automotive as he leaves a gathering with President Karolos Papoulias and opposition leader Antonis Samaras in Athens. The PM has agreed to resign halfway through his time period in office. Photograph: Reuters.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Greece&#8217;s economic and political future &#8211; and with it the destiny of the eurozone &#8211; hung in the stability on Sunday after its political leaders introduced that the formation of a authorities of nationwide unity would have to wait till Monday morning at the earliest &#8211; properly after international monetary markets had opened.</p>
<p>Amid fears of the crisis worsening and the political situation in debt-laden Italy further imperilling the one currency, get together heads in close to-bankrupt Greece mentioned whereas settlement had been reached on an interim coalition government, additional talks have been required on the brand new administration&#8217;s life span and who would lead it.</p>
<p>An announcement issued after crunch talks between embattled prime minister George Papandreou, opposition leader Antonis Samaras and head of state Karolos Papoulias confirmed that the socialist premier had agreed to resign halfway by means of his four-12 months time period in workplace and would not be at the helm of the government.</p>
<p>But with no agency details on who would take over, the markets are braced for more volatility, forward of the eurozone finance ministers&#8217; meeting at which the politicians will start a search for new sources of capital to spice up the area&#8217;s principal bailout fund to &euro;1tn after the US and emerging powers refused to commit fresh funds on the G20 summit last week.</p>
<p>The 2-hour meeting on the presidential palace was the primary real breakthrough in the political impasse that has gripped Athens since Papandreou met Papoulias on Saturday, and announced that he would try to form a broad-primarily based administration that might steer the nation via its worst disaster in modern times.</p>
<p>The new government would pave the way in which to &#8220;quick elections&#8221; once it had achieved its objective of securing last month&#8217;s &euro;130bn bailout bundle for Greece &#8211; an assist deal that has been greeted furiously by austerity-weary Greeks however is broadly seen as the eurozone&#8217;s major weapon against the debt-stricken nation defaulting and bringing down the remainder of the union with it.</p>
<p>Senior politicians from the ruling Pasok occasion and conservative New Democracy continued talks late into the night. Papandreou and Samaras will reconvene on Monday.</p>
<p>&#8220;This uncertainty that&#8217;s torturing the Greek individuals should finish,&#8221; said Papoulias ahead of the meeting. &#8220;We must find a solution. All of Europe desires us to discover a solution.&#8221;</p>
<p>The talks got here after Papandreou held his last cupboard meeting as prime minister and Samaras stepped up strain on his political opponent to stand aside.</p>
<p>Disagreement over who ought to succeed the 59-12 months-old scion of Greece&#8217;s most famous political dynasty was cited as the primary stumbling block despite the threat of a Greek exit from the EU if Athens failed, posthaste, to approve the controversial debt deal hammered out in Brussels in October.</p>
<p>Capturing the urgency of the scenario, the mass-promoting Sunday Kathimerini appealed for a new authorities to be sworn in by Monday to &#8220;avert bankruptcy and the return to the drachma&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;At this level we do not care about faces,&#8221; it opined in a font-web page editorial. &#8220;The circumstances, our companions and most of all the Greek people, demand that a authorities of national salvation be formed by tomorrow AM.&#8221;</p>
<p>Officials in Brussels say the creation of a authorities that will symbolize Greece&#8217;s whole political spectrum is essential if the EU-IMF backed bailout is to be applied together with the painful austerity measures it&#8217;s going to inevitably entail.</p>
<p>For the first time since becoming a member of the then European Economic Community in 1981, Greece was informed last week that its membership of the bloc was at stake if it failed, inside weeks, to ratify the rescue plan.</p>
<p>&#8220;We have now called for a national unity authorities and remain persuaded that it is the convincing means of restoring confidence and assembly the commitments,&#8221; said EU financial and monetary affairs commissioner Olli Rehn.</p>
<p>Since Greece was compelled to go cap in hand to the EU and IMF for rescue funds 18 months in the past, its warring political events have come under monumental strain to overcome their variations and agree on a common strategy to resolve the debt crisis. Evangelos Venizelos, the Greek finance minister who additionally holds the post of deputy premier, has likened the nation&#8217;s predicament to a matter of life or dying, &#8220;of remaining within the eurozone, as a member of the developed world, or going back to the 1960s.&#8221;</p>
<p>Final week Venizelos admitted that Athens&#8217; finances had been hanging by a thread with public coffers resulting from run out of cash by mid-December. Bankruptcy would have a large affect across the eurozone.</p>
<p>International figures, together with IMF managing director Christine Lagarde, have pressed upon Athens the necessity for political consensus before lenders half with more loans. &#8220;On the IMF&#8217;s annual meeting in Washington, the first thing Lagarde emphasised in talks with Venizelos was the need for consensus,&#8221; a prime aide to the minister said. &#8220;She asked him bluntly, &#8216;What Greece am I talking to, the one who endorses reforms, who accepts austerity or the one who would not?&#8217; She was very involved by the stance of the political opposition, particularly the [main opposition] conservative party which has repeatedly refused to endorse the [EU-IMF] fiscal adjustment programmes.&#8221;</p>
<p>Greece received a &euro;110bn bailout in Could 2010 with the most recent help package writing off half of the nation&#8217;s &euro;360bn debt load.</p>
<p>The onerous-won accord had met widespread fury in Greece the place many concern it can imply additional austerity. Last week Samaras argued it would condemn the country, whose economy has contracted by nearly sixteen% since mid 2009, to &#8220;a decade of deeper recession&#8221;.</p>
<p>Below fireplace from his own Pasok social gathering, Papandreou started the hunt for a &#8220;nationwide salvation&#8221; authorities after narrowly winning a confidence vote on Friday. &#8220;I am not tied to my chair,&#8221; he declared after formally launching the push.</p>
<p>However his refusal to articulate his intent clearly till Sunday evening cast a shadow over negotiations. Samaras mentioned Papandreou had to resign &#8220;to unblock&#8221; the deadlock.</p>
<p>&#8220;So long as Mr Papandreou doesn&#8217;t resign he is blocking what is foreseen by the constitution. I&#8217;m determined to help as long as he resigns and every little thing takes its course,&#8221; the main opposition chief declared.</p>
<p>Four candidates are reportedly being thought-about for the publish of prime minister together with Petros Molyviatos, a former conservative international minister, and Loukas Papademou, the erstwhile vice-president of the European Central Bank. Officials stated the brand new premier can be named when eurozone finance ministers meet in Brussels on Monday to debate Greece&#8217;s plight.</p>
<p>Papandreou has faced growing calls to step down at house and abroad since shocking markets and world leaders with an sick-timed choice, announced last Monday, to place the October bailout agreement to a preferred vote.</p>
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		<title>Government Crisis in Athens Papandreou Indicated Its Willingness to Withdraw</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/society/government-crisis-in-athens-papandreou-indicated-its-willingness-to-withdraw/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/society/government-crisis-in-athens-papandreou-indicated-its-willingness-to-withdraw/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2011 21:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/James+Cannes">James Cannes</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greece]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Papandreou]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[socialists]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[So now it: At the end of a long day in Athens, Greek Prime Minister Papandreou is ready to resign. That he should have negotiated with several of his ministers. The rationale behind this: If Papandreou is potentially his Socialist Party remain in power with the opposition and possibly form a government of national salvation.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2011/11/03/image_5.jpg" alt="" width="536" height="301" /></p>
<p><i>Greek Prime Minister Papandreou in parliament in Athens: After a turbulent day Papandreou announced to try to negotiate with the opposition.</i></p>
<p>Greece&#8217;s premier Giorgios Papandreou has played poker highly and folded in view of the heavy pressure of the international sponsors anyway. On this Thursday he withdrew his controversial plans for a plebiscite over the new EU rescue package. In addition, the shattered socialist announced to want to approach the quarrelling conservative opposition. In evening it finally was as far as: Papandreou signalled its readiness for the resignation: &#8220;I do not stick at my chair&#8221;, said Greece&#8217;s premier in the parliament. Opposition boss Antonius Samaras had demanded the resignation Papandreous before. The party of Samaras left unanimously the parliament hall after that. &#8220;I have asked it (Papandreou) to step down first. There can be a provisional government &#8220;, said to Samaras in the connection after that in Greece. The possibilities should be aggravated considerably for the formation of a provisional government with that. A new quarrel had stood out here already before. According to information of the state television NET Papandreou strives from its socialist PASOK and at, for a political provisional government the ND which takes the destiny of the country into the hand for approximately half a year. The conservatives support new elections within six weeks. At high-profile ND sources it was said the provisional government shall consist of experts and not of politicians. This government only becomes &#8221; as long as the country introduce, till which signed and sealed is aid package &#8220;, an employee said to the ND of the news agency dpa. After that new elections should take place. He was said this could be even already in December. &nbsp;</p>
<p><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2011/11/03/image279417panov9freesoxw_1.jpg" alt="" width="520" height="250" /></p>
<p><i>Greek Prime Minister Papandreou: public calm, avoid new elections</i></p>
<p>Papandreou had given up the plans for its controversial referendum before. He said this had been the prerequisite for it that conversations could take place for Nea Dimokratia (ND) with the opposition one for the formation of a provisional government. &#8220;We will negotiate now&#8221;, announced Papandreou. The only way so that Greece remains in the euro zone is the compliance with the agreements with the partners in the EU. &#8220;It is not all about, the done to lose now.&#8221; Papandreou deemed the patience worthy in Greece of the people who would have made &#8220;tall sacrifices&#8221; till now. Papandreou goes and stands on the Friday evening of a confidence coordination in the parliament. The exit is uncertain. If Papandreou should lose the vote, it would become exploratory talks under the direction of president square lot Papoulias come, form a new government with the aim. Greece&#8217;s premier had strongly come under pressure on this Thursday: Also numerous ministers and representatives of his socialist ruling party PASOK had sent a reminder to the formation of a government &#8220;of the national rescue&#8221;. At least two representatives declared according to information from the state television they wanted to refuse Papandreou the confidence. Papandreou then would have got no majority more in the parliament which consists of 300 representatives only still 150 mandates. According to information of the Greek press at least four ministers from Papandreous cabinet demand a change at the head of the government. The ND under opposition leader Antonius Samaras had strictly refused itself to the tight and unpopular austerity policy Papandreous till now; it is necessary without the Greece middle of December to get international billion helps in return further were broke.&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Six Top Sites in Ancient Athens for Unforgettable Student Tours</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/history/six-top-sites-in-ancient-athens-for-unforgettable-student-tours/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/history/six-top-sites-in-ancient-athens-for-unforgettable-student-tours/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:01:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/hatcha">hatcha</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[College student excursions tend to be undoubtedly a highly effective as well as pleasant method to promote youthful individuals curiosity about class topics. For all those learning background, location, "languages" as well as structures, a visit in order to Athens is an excellent chance to begin to see the starting place associated with Traditional western civilisation. Here's a good appetising flavor associated with that which you may appreciate upon college student outings in order to Athens.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>College student excursions tend to be undoubtedly a highly effective as well as  pleasant method to promote youthful individuals curiosity about class topics.  For all those learning background, location, &#8216;languages&#8217; as well as structures,  a visit in order to Athens is an excellent chance to begin to see the starting  place associated with Traditional western civilisation. Here&#8217;s a good appetising  flavor associated with that which you may appreciate upon college student  outings in order to Athens.<br /><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lightmatter_acropolis.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2011/10/28/lightmatteracropolis_1.jpg" alt="" width="540" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>Image via <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lightmatter_acropolis.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></p>
<p>Forehead associated with  Poseidon</p>
<p>Arranged about the coastline from the Aegean Ocean, the actual  Forehead associated with Poseidon is really a stunning host to praise  constructed on top associated with large coves looking over the actual sea.  Built-in 444 B . C ., the current forehead functions a good Ionic Frieze made  from Parian marbled as well as 15 from the unique Doric posts.</p>
<p>The actual  Acropolis<br /><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hephaisteion_2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/readers/2011/10/28/hephaisteion2_1.jpg" alt="" width="540" height="397" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>Image via <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hephaisteion_2.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></p>
<p>This particular iconic historic framework rules the actual  skyline associated with Athens. This started existence like a citadel within  Mycenaean occasions as well as created among a number of temples or wats  honouring the actual goddess Athena. Rebuilt through Pericles, this grew to  become the creating associated with outstanding elegance as well as splendour.  College student excursions from the Acropolis range from other temples or wats  and also the Theater associated with Herodes Atticus built-in ADVERT 161. The  actual Acropolis Art gallery includes a fantastic assortment of the actual items  present in this website.</p>
<p>The actual Historic Agora</p>
<p>The actual  historic industry as well as politics center associated with Athens through six  hundred B . C . may be the real website from the indictment as well as delivery  associated with Socrates within 399 B . C .. College student excursions towards  the Agora range from the theater, colleges and also the stoas &#8212; the actual  protected paths or even porticos with regard to open public make use of, full of  stores. Contained in excursions of the large historic complicated is really a  trip to the actual well-preserved Forehead associated with Hephaisteion and also  the art gallery, arranged inside the colonnaded Stoa associated with  Attalos.</p>
<p>Mycenae &amp; Corinth</p>
<p>The most popular tour in order to  Mycenae appointments the actual prepared Regal Structure Complicated such as the  Lion Entrance, the key Stairs, the actual Treasury associated with Atreus as  well as the most crucial tombs. Going onto Corinth, you will notice the actual  huge damages of the historic town that include a number of kilometers. This  particular trip is actually concentrated about the Acrocorinth Website and also  the continues to be from the large, impregnable rock and roll  castle.</p>
<p>Athens</p>
<p>The biggest forehead within Athens may be the  wonderful Forehead associated with Zeus, that nevertheless offers 15 undamaged  posts from the unique 104. Additionally, there&#8217;s the actual Nationwide  Archaeological Art gallery as well as Hadrian&#8217;s Mid-foot, an enormous triumphal  mid-foot constructed through the Roman emperor, Hadrian, in order to commemorate  their prosperous fight strategies.</p>
<p>The actual Oracle from  Delphi</p>
<p>Historic Delphi had been probably the most holy areas towards the  Greeks. This is found in the spectacular environment inside a organic  amphitheatre dealing with the ocean, underneath the darkness associated with  Attach Parnassus. The actual Refuge associated with Apollo, that was the actual  historic planet&#8217;s most well-known host to pilgrimage, is actually in the middle  associated with Delphi. It had been right here how the Pythia resided as well as  distributed the actual prophecies from the gods in order to  pilgrims.</p>
<p>College student excursions associated with Historic Athens tend  to be a great chance of young adults to achieve a distinctive historic viewpoint  as well as go through the lifestyle of the contemporary Western town.</p>
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		<title>The Lost Continent: Part Eight</title>
		<link>http://socyberty.com/social-sciences/the-lost-continent-part-eight/</link>
		<comments>http://socyberty.com/social-sciences/the-lost-continent-part-eight/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Oct 2011 06:36:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><a target="_blank" href="http://www.triond.com/users/monicabella">monicabella</a></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Social Sciences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[athens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Atlantis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egyptians]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solon]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The lost continent.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;Violent earthquakes and floods happened and in a single day and night of misfortune the island of Atlantis disappeared in the depths of the sea. And within a day and the night all the people of Atlantis and the Athenians who fought the people of Atlantis disappeared from the earth. The only ones that were left on the fuel uncultured as the Egyptian stay Athenians were no longer remember the story of their triumph against the people of Atlantis. And that is why they have to learn it again from the Egyptians when Solon visits them. It was this tragic tale that was first related to Solon and the Egyptians which many years later were told later at an Athenian dinner party. The story that might have been entirely lost was now in the memory of an uninvited guest remembered every word. All of the other guests forgot about this incredible story about lost paradise.</p>
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