RAIN STORM

SNOW STORM – LINCOLNSHIRE

SNOW STORM

You will not believe what I am going to tell you about the weather. Talking about Global Warming and Pollution which supposes to have an effect on the weather but when we look back and at this list it makes you wonder. I found all these weather information in the newspaper and they are official weather reports.

1800 The largest hailstones ever recorded in Britain fell in Buckinghamshire. It measured a monstrous 90 mm (3.5 cm) in diameter.

1843 August 9, tornadoes, thunderstorms and hailstones 25 mm (1 in) in dia. smashed glass, flattened crops and settled in drifts of 1.5 meter (5 ft) deep.

1846 August – hailstones smashed 7000 panes of glass in the House of Parliament and destroyed the glass arcade in London’s Regent St.

1879 August 2nd and 3rd, hailstones the size of teacups fell in London.

1893 August 10th, a massive 31 mm (1.25 in) of rain was reported to have fallen in just five minutes in Preston – massive floods. The manhole covers were forced 1.8 m (6 ft) into the air.

Are you still sitting on your chair? Hold on there is more.

1906 August 2nd, tornado and thunderstorms killed 2 people in Guildford and hailstones 13 mm (5 in) and piled up 31 cm (1 ft) high, were recorded in north Bedfordshire.

1912 August – wettest month on record, widespread gales, temperatures around 12 c (54F)

London had only one day with 21, Birmingham and Manchester 19 c and Aberdeen had frost of – 3.8 c

It was also the month of the great Norfolk flood, 6 in in 12 hours. Norwich was cut off for two days. More then 40 bridges were destroyed; flood was 4.5 m (15 ft) deep. Rain fell non-stop for more than 30 hours.

Fens stayed under water for the followed winter.

Yarmouth had rain of 94 mm (3.7 in) in 24 hours.

The damage of the torrential rain on the cereal crops was catastrophic. Earlier in July the crops looked very promising but were ruined by heavy and continuous rainfall. On exposed ground the crop was beaten to the ground by widespread gales.

Part of the railway between Bourne and Seaford in Lincolnshire were submerged and water was flowing over with such a force that the ballast was washed away.

In Nottingham the water rose 18 in. Everywhere the corn crops and potatoes were destroyed.

1917 August was the second wettest of the last century. Canterbury had 53 hours if rainfall.

1931 August 8th, Boston, Lincolnshire, had 155 mm (6 in) in the morning with 100 mm (4 in) of it falling in just two hours.

1934 August 30, the overnight temperature in Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire dropped below freezing.

1935 August 23, Croydon Airport had 5.1 mm (2 in) of rain in just one minute.

1952 August – devastating flood in Lynmouth, North Devon after 21 hours of heavy rain stayed in people’s memory. Then after another downpour for much of the first two weeks, the rain began again about noon on August 15 and continued for most of the day over greater part of Devon with seven-hours of intense rain it was devastating. In 22 hours fell 225 mm (9 in) of rain on Exmore.

The flood came at night with a sudden surge of water and there was a loss of 34 lives and 93 buildings destroyed. 28 bridges swept away. The water even moved large rocks.

Apart from 1952 disastrous year there were no Atom bombs before that, pollution or Global warming. How can the scientist explain this terrible weather? It’ll be hard but have a try, boys.

SUMMARY:  The weather just does what it wants but I do agree that we had to cut down the waste and on pollution as much as possible and to a certain extent it has an impact

Bottom of Form

Akiko still 20 years old that time. At the events, around 9 AM local time, he was at Bank Hiroshima. Akiko stood 300 metres from the center of the explosion. Akiko was one of the victims that survive miraculously, even though there were more than a hundred of scars that left on his back.

He tells that a lot of people died immediately that time. Their corpses were anywhere on the street. As we can saw that time, all we saw was burnt corpses, and lots of people were bleeding everywhere. It is so creepy.

Fire was slowly spreading to their whole body, from their finger to their whole body. There was a liquid, a light grey liquid, that drips to their hand.

Akiko was shocked to know that fingers and body can burnt and become defect like that. He doesn’t believe that. He really shocked and it is horrible. Akiko was seeing all of that tragedy. It is more terrifying to think how their fingers burnt, hand and fingers were melting. And among them, there were some people that holding their babies.

“They just, they just,.. burn until all out,” he says that with a stammer voice.

Akiko tells, the morning of the tragedy is very hot. Flame heating were everywhere. All the people had a problem when breathing, include Akiko himself. All the air that their breath was hot air.

“Maybe the fire was burning the oxygen, I don’t know. I can’t open my eyes because there are a lot of fog. Not only me, but everybody also feel the same,” says Akiko.

For a couple of years after that incident, Akiko has become traumatic and phobia of fire. “Because all my senses remind me how scary and horrible that fire was,”.

So I decided to look for some great footage of nuclear explosions. Luckily I found some great footage, so I decided to share it with you guys.

Most of these videos content original footage, also there are some videos from Discovery documentaries and some videos with soundtracks added.

So here are the amazing videos, enjoy:

First Hydrogen bomb test:

First British Hydrogen Bomb:

One of the earlier nuclear testings:

Underwater nuclear explosion:

The most powerful nuclear bomb ever tested – Tsar bomb:

And for desert – 5 biggest nukes:

Thanks for reading!

Links: 1) Join Triond and Earn Money Online By Writing Articles

2) Worst UFO Pictures EVER!

3) 11 Facts You Should Know About Nuclear Explosions

            Canada’s greatest contribution in WW1 was the battle of Vimy Ridge because of the valor, courage, and adaptability displayed by the Canadians. Vimy Ridge was regarded as a Canadian only success, were as the French and British previously failed. The Canadian Expeditionary Force was created on August, 1914 and it was divided into four divisions that distinguished itself in many important battles of WW1. The division stationed at Vimy Ridge was led by a Canadian General, Arthur Currie. At the time, many soldiers in the CEF were inexperienced for combat. Although it never reached its full potential, its stability and power rivaled the British Expeditionary Force. Their stability became their strongest point because they were able to quickly adapt to the changes in their strategy. After the success at Vimy Ridge, Canadians were now looked upon with awe as they take another step in being recognized as a nation.

            Three years after the end of WW1, Canada has already set itself apart from other nations, with the discovery of insulin, since then, Canada has ensured the stability of the world. Insulin was discovered by Doctor Frederick Banting with the help of his colleagues Charles Best, James Collip, and John Macleod. Insulin is a hormone created in the pancreas used to regulate sugar, and store energy (glycogen) for later use. Insulin uses the cells in the liver, muscle, and fat to create glycogen from the sugar in the blood which is stored in the liver and muscle. When there is no insulin to regulate blood sugar levels the person will begin to develop diabetes and usually die because of starvation. Banting’s experiment started with dogs. One dog had its pancreas removed, another had its pancreas tied off. The dog without a pancreas had no diabetes, while the other showed signs of diabetes. Banting was able to extract the remains of a pancreas and use the tissues known as islet to test on the dog with diabetes. Their first test was successful, enough to allow them funds and a proper lab to continue their research with Collins and Macleod. After being able to locate the substance known as insulin, their first human test was successful. With the discovery of insulin Dr. Banting and Macleod won the Nobel Peace prize award for medicine. The success of their discovery has created a more stabilized world, which prolongs the life of a person suffering diabetes.

            Canada’s contributions to WW2 increased their mastery of flight and instilled fear and doubt in the minds of Canadians. Perhaps, the largest contribution in WW2 was the air support received from Canadian pilots in British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), and Royal Air Force (RAF). Without air superiority the battle of Britain may have been lost to the Luftwaffe. Although the battle of Britain took place in Britain, thousands of Canadian soldiers involved in RAF and RCAF aided the battle. There were enough Canadian pilots trained in the BCATP to create an all Canadian squadron such as squadron 242 in RAF. Squadron 242 played distinguished roles, during the Battle of Britain it went on an offensive with bombing raids and convoy escorts and in the Miracle of Dunkirk it was used for air cover to safely evacuate the French soldiers being held captive. In the remaining flights of squadron 242 they claimed twelve victories without a loss. With the help of the BCATP it has trained over 73 000 thousand pilots and more than 55% of its graduates are Canadian. The BCATP was Canada’s highest priority. Canada paid over $1.6 billion of $2.2 billion for establishing the BCATP. Even with all the air support provided by RAF, it was not enough to prevent the tragedy known as the Dieppe Raid. Over sixty thousand Canadians were sent to Dieppe to gain a second front on Europe, scout Germany defenses, gather intelligence, and force Germans out of east Europe. An order to retreat was given at around 1100 hours with less than half of the soldiers being able to retreat.  Colonel Merritt and Padre John Foote were both honored with the Victoria Cross for assisting their men instead of choosing to retreat. With the death of thousands of Canadians people are shocked, stricken with fear, and began doubting the British. Although Canada may have sacrificed thousands of lives, their sacrifice was not in vain since it has contributed to the success of the Normandy Invasion known as D-Day. The Invasion of Normandy would not have been successful without the help of the BCATP, RAF, RCAF, and specially the raid at Dieppe.

            Five years after WW2, Canada must take action to ensure peace in the pacific. Communist North Korea and Communist China began their attacks on South Korea in 1950, which began the Korean War. The United Nations and United States did not provide help until the North Koreans reached the capital city, Seoul. Canada joined the war, siding with the United Nations. They would once again rearm their army and form the Canadian Army Special Force which consists of the 2nd battalion of the Royal Canadian Regiment, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 22nd regiment “C” squadron of Lord Strathcana’s Horse, 2nd Field regiment, Royal Horse Artillery, 57th Canadian Independent Field Squadron, Royal Canadian Engineers, 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade Signal Squadron, No 54 Service Corps, No 25 Field Ambulance, and Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. Canada’s first contributions were three Canadian destroyers which were Cayuga, Athabasca, and Sioux. Squadron 426 of the RCAF was assigned to transport supplies and soldiers to Korea, consisting of six aircrafts and another six were added. The United State’s decisions of pushing far beyond the 38th line would have dragged China further into the war. Those decisions were soon constrained by Canadian diplomats to prevent another world war. Canada’s role in securing peace has once again been successful with the end of the Korean War in 1953.

            Canada’s efforts to ensure peace and stability became recognized after the events of WW1. Peace and Stability was ensured because of the contributions to WW1, WW2, Insulin, and the Korean War. Canada has become one of the most well-known nations in the world regardless of their population.

It rained fire on that fateful day, 6th of August, 1945. The first ever nuclear atom bomb was dropped on the Japanese city Hiroshima. The threat of nuclear annihilation was begun on this darkest day, warning the whole world that it can be pulverized at any moment.

The Little Boy

The Little Boy, this is how the cruel atom bomb was called, was dropped on Hiroshima from the carrier called The Enola Gay on 6th August deadening even the morning sun and shrouding Hiroshima with utter darkness. ‘The Little Boy’ worked like a firing gun. A small explosive propelled the uranium bullet into a uranium core triggering nuclear fission. The never even hit the ground. The radar proximity fuse in the tail of the carrier the detonated bomb 1,900 feet above the little city of Hiroshima.

The cruel blast

Within seconds after the Enola Gay dropped the bomb Hiroshima was gone! The mushroom cloud over the city eventually rose about eight miles (13 kilometers) killing a major portion of humanity. Estimates range from 70,000 immediate deaths to 140,000 overall. Thousands were dying later from the destructive effects of the radiation. The fear that Germany would win race to be the first atomic power forced this fateful dropping and ended the most terrible Second World War.

Was it necessary?

The cruelest war that shook the whole world ended with the bombing on the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Shocked by the unprecedented destructive power of the atom bombs, the Japanese Emperor Hirohito declared, “I swallow my own tears and give my sanction to the proposal to accept the Allied proclamation,”—which called for Japan’s unconditional surrender and end the war.

The beginning of world fear

The Hiroshima bombing has begun a history of world destruction. Today the whole world is under terrible fear that the earth can be annihilated in no time with the weapon race. The world has turned into nuclear world. The U.S., Russia, China, France and Britain possess missiles capable of delivering a nuclear warhead thousands of miles away. Many other countries like North Korea, India and Pakistan are emerging with shorter range missiles. They are increasing their stock files to threaten their neighbors with their military power. The war race is making the whole world sleepless.

Oh Hiroshima, open our eyes

Today on this day of tragedy, I request God to open our eyes. Even after seeing the terrible destruction that was caused by the nuclear weapons countries are still promoting weapons of warfare in the name of security of their nation. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has ignited a moral controversy that has endured to this day.

Millions are dying of hunger. With the amount the countries spend for arms and warfare they can feed millions of people dying of hunger for years. Nuclear weapons have become a challenge to the world. Though nuclear countries say that they are taking steps to curtail the spread of nukes, the rise of a global black market in nuclear expertise and materials has made it attainable to any one, keeping the whole humanity on the fire of fear and anxiety.

Oh Hiroshima, sadly I salute you

Oh Hiroshima, you have resurrected from your tragic death just because of some goodwill still left in human hearts. Today, on the 665th anniversary day of the tragic atomic bombing on you, I appeal to all the consciences of humanity to think over the horror of nuclear weapons and divert the amount spent for the millions dying of hunger. Oh Hiroshima, you have become a lesson for us. Sadly I salute you! 

-Causes of war

- Rivalries(Militarism) – Germany vs. Britain, after Germany unified to become the German Empire, German Industrial power grows, and Kaiser Wilhem II builds up German naval power, going against Britain for the control of the seas, this sparks an arm race across Europe, making everyone producing weapons and trying to outdo each other.

-Imperialism-  Germany late to this, compared to Britain and France, increasing rivalries.

-Nationalism- people unifying, thinking theyre all that, france mad cuz it lost a war and had to give up Alsace Lorraine territory.

- The want of war, the Europeans haven’t had a major conflict in a long time, and the  young men want their share of glory, etc, they want to make a name for themselves, and think that war is “honorable” and gets you “glory”

- Alliances- people that sign treaties to tell that they got each other’s backs. Suppose to PREVENT war from happening, so if u attack me, me and my 10 friends will come and beat you up.
    TWO MAIN ALLIANCES.
    – Triple Entente ( Great Britain, France, Russia)
    -Triple Alliance ( Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy(LOL)

- Morrocan Crises-Moroccans wanted independence, supported by germany, war was avoided 1911 same thing happened, but germany backed down after given part of French congo.
IMPORTANT:
- BALKAN CRISIS-  Austria Hungary annexes Bosnia Herzegovina  which it occupied for a while. Angers the Serbs, because a lot of Slavic Serbians in Bosnia. Angers Russia too, cause they’re the “big bros” of the slavs (Pan-Slavisim)

-Bosnian Serbian, part of the black hand, assassinates ARCH DUKE FRANZ FERDINAND  of Austria Hungary

- Austria Hungary gets mad, sends an ultimatum(demands) that are ridiculous.
-Russia promises to help out his Slavic little bros
-CALLING ALL ALLIES to help fight the war.

WAR STARTS!!!

schlieffen plan-  (german plan) plan to bypass the long border between france and germany to go through neutral Belgium, leaving behind a small defense force to guard the boarder, and to quickly rush- 90% invading 10% defending, change of plans because the Germans were scared that the 10% would fall apart, so it got changed to 50-50. Ultimately fails, both sides get bogged down into trench warfare.

Trench Warfare- both sides digging trenches along the border, and peeping out to see what the other side was doing, a lot of inactivity, cause going “over the top” meaning trying to invade the other person’s trench was really costly as going through no man’s land( the area in the middle of the two trenches) was deadly, as poison gas, machine gun, etc killed a lot of people really fast.

    – Commentary- Fighting a Modern war with old tactics, WW1 was using Napoleonic tactics to fight a modern warfare with guns, napoleon’s tactics used mass and slammed troops in charges against other people. It worked when the other person’s gun fired at 3 shots a minute maximum, but when machine guns are introduced.. And also other new technologies are introduced.. You basically die.

Deadlock in the Western front

    – After realizing that no one could move in the western front, the allies tried to go fight the ottomans and capturing Istanbul, thus opening a sea passage to give the Russians supplies to be able to fight more effectively. Known as the GALLIPOLI Campaign. 
FAILURE, as the allies realize marching upwards towards a mountain with machine guns pointed at you.. Not a good idea..

Brings us to the EASTERN FRONT.

-Russia!  Success in Brusilov campaign in Galicia, but despite that, war and government became highly unpopular.

Which leads us to a whole new point
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION- kk lets BACKTRACK IN TIME.

 1825  Alexander I dies; succession crisis prompts Decembrist Revolt
1894 Nicholas II becomes tsar
1905 (Bloody Sunday)Troops fire on Russian civilians during demonstration in St. Petersburg
1905 Russia loses Russo-Japanese War Nicholas II concedes to creation of Russian constitution and Duma
1914 Russia enters World War I

We can see that Russia enters ww1 with big disadvantages, no one likes the government, the tsar is weak, he randomly uses the military to crack down on protests etc, (blood Sunday) and he even fails militarily, losing to Japan.
After the war has gone on  for 3 years, everyone is starving, no food for the people.
Another timeline:

 February 22, 1917  Nicholas II leaves Petrograd to visit troops
February 24 Massive strikes and demonstrations occur throughout the capital
February 25 Unrest continues; Mensheviks meet and set up a “Workers’ Soviet” Nicholas II orders military to stop riots ( retarded)
February 26 Troops fire on demonstrating crowds Mass mutiny begins in local army regiments Firefights break out between troops and police
February 27 More than 80,000 troops mutiny and engage in widespread looting
February 28 Duma(Parliament) and Workers’ Soviet gather separately and begin making decisions about restoring order and establishing a new state
March 2 Nicholas II abdicates the throne; provisional government formed

So basically, with a weak internal government, the tsar goes to the front and visit’s the troops, without the leader back at home, everyone grows restless and weird stuff happens (ra ra Rasputin) so riots break out etc etc, everyone goes BOOO TSAR, and people riot and the soviets and the parliament begin making decisions, Nicholas abdicates.

So now we have the Soviets(Mensheviks) and the Provisional Government making decision.

Lenin comes back, says No! all power to MY soviets. (Bolsheviks)

- Lenin’s promises
    -END THE WAR
    -Bread! Land! Peace!
    -FORMATION OF THE USSR

OCTOBER REVOLUTION

    – Bolsheviks achieve a majority in the different soviet government bodies
    – Lenin goes ahead with the revolution
    -provisional government is arrested
    -Decree of Peace, Decree of land(redistribution)
    -Draws out of WW1 with Brest-Litovsk
(importance of Brest-Litovsk is that it made germany have some troops be there to make sure everything is alright, and tied down manpower, which is ++for allies.)

So.. that’s what basically happened in the east, the Russians were doing okay, but their economy and resources sucked, so there was a revolt.
Kk moving on.
END OF WW1
-Germany tried ONE MAJOR offensive to try to decisively end the war in Germany’s favor.(Spring Offensive, Operation Michael) ( they wanted to do this because they knew the Americans were coming)
- American entry into the war,
COMMENTARY: Prior to this, Americans weren’t all too keen on being “embroiled in European affairs” remember Washington’s farewell speech? And so they didn’t really want to be into all this international affair of the Europeans. This policy of staying within oneself is called ISOLATIONISM
    -Sinking of the Lusitanian(US “Passenger ship”) +Zimmerman telegraph(tell mexico to invade usa)
    -America goes oh no you didn’t… declares war and sends an expeditionary force there.

- German offensive ALMOST reaches paris, stopped at the Battle of the Marne.
-Germany falling apart at home due to Britain’s blockade.

-Germany signs Armistice. (mainly due to the 14 points, and the falling apart of military)
- speaking of the 14 points the 14 points of Woodrow Wilson(President of the United States at the time) is.. Well the main things you have to know is that basically
- NO BLAME FOR GERMANY
-NO PUNISHMENT
-SELF DETERMINATION FOR COLONIES

Boo
- Treaty of Versailles, Germany forced to pay war reparations(damages) to the allies and take responsibility. Germany and Ottoman colonies made sure that they were made “independent” under british and French supervision. Germany goes WTF, I didn’t sign up for this.. Too bad.
Germany unable to have a big military.
Rhinelands demilitarized, etc.

Good acronym to remember

Blame-take all blame
Reparations-had to pay alot
Army- limited
Territory- lose colonies.

COMMENTARY: Balfour Declaration: not knowing where to put this, but it’s a statement by the british establishing a home for the Jews..
POST WW1-
League of nation established, trying to stop WW1 from happening ever again.. Ineffective, as everyone was into their own problems.

Everyone is like… omg.. War sucks… we fought for so long, and so hard, and everyone died for like 5 miles of French land ._. Europe artist and stuff goes all gloomy, and is really gloomy.

But on the other hand in AMERICA
ROARING TWENTIES (1919-1929)
    -Everyone happy!, we won the war!
    – trying to forget the horrors of ww1
    – economic boom due to it’s prominence in the world field, Europe recovering from WW1, america didn’t really have any damages… entering the war late, and having no competition now.
   
But with ever boom, comes a bust.
Stock Market crash of 1929, people overbuying stocks on credit, crashes in 1929.
Leading us to…

GREAT DEPRESSION

- Stock Market crash influenced everyone around the world, no one had money, and everyone was in a decline.. Except for maybe USSR cause they isolated themselves, so they didn’t get as much damage.

- Caused general unhappiness
- Germany now can’t pay reparations, cause they don’t have any money, causing a huge weakness to Weimar republic
-Britain+France loses it’s money from the reparation, so it can’t pay back the united states
-United States crashed first soo.. That sucks..

WW2-1939-1945
Causes of WW2
-WW1 sets up the conditions for ww2… By the war reparations it sets on Germany, and hurting the PEOPLE of Germany.
- Great Depression- Everyone is poor, so people are agitated and feeling rather revolutionary, leading to the rise of Fascism! Socialism already in USSR
-Germany feels cheated from ww1, italy does too, and so does japan cause japan doesn’t get the lands it wants, nor does italy, and germany is punished too harshly.

COMMENTARY: So.. How did Fascism come around anyways? And what’s the situation in Japan? What about the situation in Russia or now known as USSR?
Fascism is an political ideology, it’s a far right extremist political ideology that glorifies the state, extreme nationalism and states that the state surpasses all.  Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) started this trend, and Adolf Hitler followed his model, and so did general Franco in Spain. Japan ,it’s extreme nationalism too, but it’s an empire, IMPERIAL Japan, but this top general basically has control over Emperor Hirohito, namely General Tojo Hideki.    I’d say that Japan is Fascist but is also an empire. In the USSR however, things are radically different, Josef Stalin(successor of Lenin) is the leader, he’s more interested in making USSR strong rather than ideologies. These are all good examples of TOTALITARIANISM, where the leader takes control of everything, TOTAL CONTROL

PRE WAR EVENTS
    -Rise of Mussolini
    – Fascist Party
    -Take over of the government
    – blames everything on the socialists and the communists.
    -  Invades Ethiopia to distract country from economy problems.
    – condemned by the League, but league doesn’t do anything, Italy withdraws from League.

    -RISE OF HITLER
    Hitler starts the NAZI party
    – Reaches a 37% of the Reichstag, making him a viable contestant in national stage and elections.
    -Popular with the people because his charisma
    -Promises to pull out of the Great Depression for the Germans….
How is he going to do that?
BUILDUP OF THE MILITARY. Creates jobs! The League of nation doesn’t really do anything… although it’s a direct violation of the Versailles treaty.
    – SPANISH CIVIL WAR
- Spanish FASCIST government vs. REPUBLICANS
-”preview to WW2”
- for those who are saying wtf.. We don’t need to know this, I asked whitten and she said you did.
- Germany tests out new warfare of blitzkrieg
-BlitzKrieg- Lightning War, Stuka dive bombers come and bomb the defenses, fast moving panzers roll in, and the infantry mops up the operations.
- USSR + allies (US, UK, etc) help the republicans
- General Franco of the FASCISTS win.

Events leading to WW2

-Hitler demands Auschluss with Austria, Austrians vote YES.
- Militarisation of the Rhineland, hitler says he needs to provide peace for the area, france who is suppose to watch over doesn’t really care..
- Invasion of Sudetenland the german speaking part of Czechoslovakia, the people there,(2million) actually DID want to be with Germany.
-Two important things now.
        – APPEASEMENT- a policy to give a little, to prevent a huge disaster from happening, appeasing the enemy.

        – Munich conference – after taking over Sudetenland hitler needs to STOP.
- hitler says okay..
- chamberlain goes back to Britain and goes YAY, I have achieved the “Peace of our time”
- which amounted to half a year..
- Hitler takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
-Hitler now demands Poland, the Danzig corridor
- UK and France says, okay bro, no more.. That was the last time.
-Hitler says, pfft and invades anyways.
-Before that, hitler and stalin sign a NON AGGRESSION PACT saying that they won’t ever attack each other.. But the REAL reason is to split up Poland between each other.
WW2 STARTS.

Phony War- after war is declared, no one really does anything for 6 months, except for the USSR which consolidates it’s new territories such as Finland, which it has to fight for, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, etc.

Fall of France- France sets up a long Maginot line, which is a series of fortifications, does not cover Ardennes forest in Belgium, too hard for tanks to go thru.. They think. Germany uses blitzkrieg and goes through the Ardennes bypassing the Maginot line, and France collapses. The remaining forces are evacuated to Dunkirk, where the “Miracle at Dunkirk” happens, they don’t have military transport, so they use whatever vessels they have to transport troops back to Great Britain.

After that, Germany takes over practically all of continental Europe, aside from it’s allies.
It makes a new government called Vichy France, it’s a new government stationed at Vichy and it’s a Puppet government of Germany, 2/5ths of southern France comprises of Vichy France.
Since it has no more enemies on the continent Hitler  prepares to invade Great Britain.

-Operation Sea Lion – the plan to invade Great Britain, after gaining control of the skies.
- Battle of Britain – air combat for the control of british skies, british win using cracked german codes and RADAR.

- Hitler gets pissed and says ehh, I’ll just attack USSR.

EASTERN FRONT

-Operation Barbarossa
- Invasion of USSR
- delayed due to Italian’s failure at fighting and Germany has to help them out
-delay allows the winter to set in when the germans invade
-Germany gets bogged down in the winter worst one since 1812 (napoleon’s invasion LOL)
- Unable to reach Moscow
- Turning point of Eastern front, Stalingrad.
-Russians turn the Germans back

UNITED STATES ENTERS WAR
DEC 7th 1941
 Pearl harbor is bombed cripples the American fleet.
- US declares war on Japan and vice versa
-Germany + Italy declare war on US
- US decides to take care of Europe first
- Invasion of North Africa Britain +  USA invade North Africa to establish a base to attack Sicily, then attack Italy
-Russians who are taking brunt of the fight demands allies to invade france
- DDAY june 6th 1944
-Eisenhower leads allies to invade NORMANDY
- liberate france after 6 weeks
- Germans try counteroffensive thru Ardennes AGAIN.
-works and the battle of bulge is fought, Germans ultimately lose though
- Hitler suicides
-Mussolini caught and hung upside down btw
- Germany surrenders

-VE day victory in Europe may 8th 1945

PACIFIC THEATRE

Japanese want Manchuria, invades, and gets it after beating Russia
-China tells League to help, League is passive.
-1937 Japan take Beijing,Nanjing,Shanghai (…deadlock at shanghai BTW)
-Rape of Nanjing
    -300,000 dead in ONE DAY.
    -GENOCIDE
    -largest amount of human death in 1 day
    -woman raped
    -Japanese did disgusting atrocities…
-Japan then joins Tripartite Pact 1940.. With Germany + Italy
-Gets Indochina after france falls
-Allies blockade oil to Japs.
-Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
    – asia for Asians, people go yay
    – find out it’s asia for Japan, people go boo..
- Dec 7th pearl Harbor

-Guam,Wake, Midway,Phillipines also captured
-Military strategy US used in Pacific: Island hopping; get strategic islands
-Japan initially wins strings of victories
-Turning point is Midway
- Island hop till Okinawa, then USA bombs Japan with nukes, JAP surrender
-important: manhattan project; develop atom bomb
    -Leslie Groves-military commander in charge of project
    -Oppenheimer: scientist in charge
    -tested in los alamos, Alamogordo TRINITY
- truman decides to  drop atom bomb cuz Roosevelt already dead from stroke

Japan surrenders aug 15th
Douglas MacArthur sign peace treaty onboard uss Missouri.

CONFERENCES

- YALTA
    When: feb 1945
    Who:Churchill ; Roosevelt ; Stalin
    What: Promote world peace,  emergency relief, self-determination
    The REAL what:
    US:     -MAKING UN
        Soviet declare war on japs
        -elevate china   
        -curb communist in Poland
        -Soviets not independently involve in postwar agreements

    GB:    – stop soviet expansion
        -strong france
        – protect empire

    Soviets:
        -Reparations   
        -Weak Germany
        -Influence in Asia+Poland
        -each soviet republic gets 1 seat at UN
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
    What to do with germany?
    Who was there?: Churchill+atlee; Truman; Stalin
    When- July 1945
    Result: -Reparations
    -Nuremberg Trials, Division of Germany with 4 zones

CONSEQUENCE OF WW2/end
HOLOCAUST 6 mill jew died
BIPOLAR WORLD- USSR VS USA
61 mill died
UN
Decline in Colonialism
Cold War(next unit)
THINGS TO DISCUSS: YAY DISCUSSION TIME

What aspects of Europe’s 19th century contributed to WWI?
Tensions that develop during the 19th century exploded into WWI

What was the worldwide impact of the Great Depression?
Everyone was unhappy and poor, creating a agitated population that seeked freedom however, thru dictators etc.

How did problems created by the Treaty of Versailles set the stage for WWII?
It incorrectly punished the german PEOPLE, and these problems led to hitler being elected etc.

How were the diplomatic problems of WWII settled?
Through the different conferences, although not as effective as the powers wanted.

How did the global wars and the Great Depression lead to the decline of Western global dominion?
Decolonization happened, and each country was given it’s right to self determinism.
Major Comparisons

Fascism, Communism
Russian and Western economic development

Fascism and communism is the opposite ends of the spectrum politically
Fascism is everything to the state, and the state does everything, communism is the end of government, and everyone votes on EVERYTHING, but first it goes through socialism that is not unlike facism.
Russian vs. Western economic development

Western development was fast paced, as revolutions broke out, and the aristocracy basically dissolved, Russia heavily depended on it’s higher aristocracy, and this inhibited it’s  economic development, as there wasn’t a consuming huge middle class.
Global Cooperation
League of Nations
United Nations
Globalization

Demographic Changes
Migration
Urbanization
 You should know these things from HGAP, if u don’t.. too bad.

COMMENTARY: there seems to be a lot on Socialism/communism on the reading focus
   
New Economic Plan- lenin realized the importance  of private ownership of property, making some capitalism allowed
USSR- soviet union
Joseph Stalin- man who succeded lenin
Five-Year Plan- plans to improve all sectors of soviet economy, infrastructure etc
Socialist Realism- type of art that’s propaganda from the socialists, its very realistic looking, but the content isn’t real.
Collectivization-  making the peasants work on  large farms, making them give up their plots of land to go work  on big plots of land w. other people.

      Seurat – A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
Pointillisim, used tons of tiny dots
Cezanne – Still Life with Commode
Revolutionary move against realism, achieves a “satisfying composition w/o realism, imposes order on nature, post impressionism
Cezanne Mont Sainte-Victoire
Planes of pure color, impressionism with a more solid appearance, broad strokes
Post impressionism
Van Gogh – The Starry Night
Ecstasy and passionate frenzy, swirling flickering forms post impressionism (unless you’re taking art)
Van Gogh The Night Café
Deliberate ugliness, colors represent terrible passions of humanity post impressionism
Matisse – The Joy of Life
Fauvist, strangely full of joy (strange for the times)
Matisse The Red Studio
Sacrifice realism for design, use of color and distortion, forces us to see HIS vision of things
fauvism
Munch – The Scream
Expressionism- morbid insecurity rings through the whole background
Nolde- pentecost
Die BrUke expressionism- one of the few expressionists to paint biblical scenes, barbaric intensity, intense emotion. Main point, expressionist art is hysteric even in biblical scenes
Picasso – Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon
Beginning of Cubist- More fragmented and disoriented as you Go to the right, influence african, defiant move from norms
Picasso- Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Picture becomes a geometric grid where you reconstruct with various parts. analytical cubism
Picasso Three Musicians
Synthetic cubism- form of cubis that’s more human, alive, and less intellectually abstract
Dali – The Persistence of Memory
Surrealism- juxtaposition of realism w/ objects that ignore the laws of physics. Solidity vs. lack of solidity
Side note: films are good use of surrealism, just in case that’s important
Films as propaganda
          o 1927- sound added to films -> use as propaganda
          o Eisenstein- greatest and most artistic filmmaker of russia
                + Conscious of class struggle, working class, & socialism
                + Potemkin- most influential film, mutiny on a tsarist ship in Odessa -> tsarist troops climb downstairs and kill everyone, first “Montage” ever
          o Riefenstahl- Nazi propaganda documentaries, glorified nazis
                + Olympia- masterpiece- 1936 berlin olympics
                      # Glorifies athletes & competition (greek gods), Hitler shown as awesome
                      # Used many cameras and technicians to shoot from new angles

Five year plan- stalin’s unrealistic plans to industrially reform USSR, many deaths
I’d have to disagree.. But that’s just my opinion.
Kulaks- peasants in R that were slightly more wealthy, communism made them seem bad, hated communism

Btw.. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are cities, little boy and fat man are the bomb names
Zionism: give jews their land! Etc etc

War affects children in many ways, it makes them feel scared and unsure not knowing what’s going to happen. Also an effect of war is children will quite possibly get separated from their parents this will make them feel lonely and angry at the world for doing this to them. This could make them very insecure.  Losing a parent or even both parents would be the worst thing for a young child it would mean they had nobody to rely on plus they might grow up not having any love or remorse.

If someone dies in a war it affects everyone in their family and all their friends, but normally in a war more than one person dies so this will double the affect on a family member if 2 or 3 people from one family die. If a family member or friend was affected really badly by the death or deaths it could cause depression or even suicide.

Other aspects of war are atomic bombs and chemicals these are both huge killers they kill large numbers of people very quickly but it’s not just the short term effects that are deadly it’s also the long term effects.   Atomic bombs leave radiation in the ground for years and years this will affect any food or plants grown in the ground or anything that eats from it. Chemicals and radiation will both affect any waterways and make it unsafe to drink water in the polluted areas. Another effect of both chemicals and radiation is cancer and deformities this could be anything from cancer, speech problems or a third arm these effects are a major problem because they get into your gene’s and then get passed down through the generations causing generations after you to have problems with cancer or other deformities. Some examples of this is when America bombed Japan at the end of WW2 on average 220,000 people were killed about 600 people died after it from leukemia and cancer. Also in the Vietnam war agent orange was sprayed across land this caused soldiers serious health problems when they got back from war and also their kids often were born limbless, with down’s syndrome or spina bifida.

People who go to war often come back traumatized or a bit mad from going to war this is because they have seen so much death and destruction and all the chaos also because when they were at war they might have been really good and highly regarded then when they go back home they are just a normal person and they can’t handle it. 

As you can see there are lots of wider effects to war than just the death on the battle field it affects whole families and communities for generations.

From 1945 through 1954, the United States conducted a series of tests to determine the effect of nuclear weapons. Trinity was the first test in the series, held July 16, 1945 on what is now called the White Sands Missile Range. It was designed to test the implosion-design plutonium bomb. This event is attributed with being the start of the Atomic Age.

Following the Tinity test, the United States dropped the atomic bomb, code-named Little Boy, on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. Three days later, the Fat Man bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. These were the first atomic bombs to be used as weapons of war.

Above is a picture of the Fat Man bomb which weighed 10,200 lbs. with a length of 10.6 ft. and a diameter of 5 feet. The blast yielded from this bomb equaled 21 kilotons of TNT.

Operation Crossroads

In the summer of 1946, a series of three tests were to take place at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The purpose of these tests was to determine the effect of nuclear bombs on naval ships. This series of tests was named Operation Crossroads.

Test Able

The first test, Able, was performed on July 1, 1946. There were 114 people from the press present to observe the test. They were disappointed, however, with the test results and lack of carnage to the ships. They were unaware at the time, that the bomb had missed its target by 710 yards.

Test Baker

On July 25, 1946, the second test in the series, test Baker was performed. Unlike all preceding nuclear detonations that had been shot as air burst, Baker was suspended beneath the landing craft and detonated 90 feet underwater.

Baker generated an underwater fireball which expanded into hot gas bubbles producing a supersonic, hydraulic shock wave which crushed ship hulls in the surrounding area. The shock wave appeared as a ring of dark water followed by a whitening of the water surface. These were referred to as the slick and the crack.

The gas bubble hit the sea floor and surface simultaneously digging a crater in the seabed while creating a geyser-like spray dome at the surface.

The Wilson cloud, seen above is actually a condensation cloud and is one of the most famous photograph’s of the Baker test.

The Baker explosion contaminated the lagoon and all ships in the targeted area. In the first six days following the detonation, radiation levels were at their highest. Still, 4,900 men were allowed to board target ships. The sailors attempted to remove radioactivity by scrubbing with soap and water, and even lye. The only thing that worked was sandblasting to the bare metal.

Test Charlie

The third in the series, Charlie, was set to test effects on unmoored ships and would have been detonated deep beneath the surface. It was, however, deemed unnecessary following the success of the Able and Baker tests. The test was later performed in 1955 as Operation Wigwam.

The People of Bikini

Prior to Operation Crossroads, the 167 residents of Bikini were relocated to the uninhabited Rongenik Atoll. By January 1947, it was reported that the displaced Bikini residents were suffering from malnutrition and faced starvation. As a result, in March 1948 they were again relocated. Eventually they settled on yet another uninhabited island in November of that same year.

An atoll is a ring- shaped coral reef and small island, such as Bikini, that encloses a lagoon and is surrounded by open sea.

The island of Kili was less than satisfactory in providing the former residents of Bikini with a sustainable lifestyle. One-third the size of Bikini, and lacking a lagoon or a protected harbor, the native culture was unable to practice lagoon fishing and became dependent upon food shipments. As a result, four thousand descendants are today living on various islands and in foreign countries. They had been stripped of their native culture.

Note the size of Kili in the lower right of the map in comparison to the Bikini Atoll at the top and center of the map.

Bikini Today

When one hears the word bikini today, a skimpy swimsuit comes to mind. Pop culture dictates that “like the bomb, the bikini is small and devastating” and that “atom bombs reduce everybody to primitive costume.”

The sad truth is that while Bikini residents wanted to return to their native home, the U.S. rendered that impossible. Through continued nuclear testing from 1954 through 1958 an additional twenty-one nuclear bombs were detonated at Bikini. Fallout from the last of these tests caused radiation injuries to the Bikini natives who had continued living on Rongelap Atoll. To this day, Bikini remains uninhabitable. While the fish are plentiful in the lagoon, they are not safe for consumption. If Operation Crossroads was a test, it’s a test in history at which we failed miserably.

Photos courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

What Happened: Germany invaded Poland from the west on the pretences of a falsified Polish attack. The Soviet Union also invaded from the east and Poland was divvied up in accordance to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

Result: Caused Britain to declare war on Germany and marked the beginning of WWII.

German Invasion of France – 10 May 1940 to 22 June 1940

What Happened: Germany invades the Netherlands and Belgium on her way to France. Maginot Line fails. Blitzkrieg warfare catches the French off guard.

Result: France surrenders and is split into the German-occupied north with a Vichy puppet state in the south.

Evacuation of Dunkirk – 26 May 1940 to 4 June 1940

What Happened: After being pushed back to the beaches by German troops, Hitler halted the German advance, and the Allies made an emergency evacuation of Dunkirk using any boat that could navigate the English Channel.

Result: Over 300 000 soldiers were saved.

Battle of Britain – 10 July 1940 to 31 October 1940

What Happened: The German Luftwaffe tried to wipe out the Royal Air Force to facilitate an invasion of Britain. British air bases and cities are bombed. Britain uses radar to receive early warning of German planes and launches many successful counter-offensives.

Result: Was the first loss for Germany and showed that Britain had the resolve to stay in the war. Made the Germans turn their attention to the east.

Italy Invades North Africa – August 1940

What Happened: Italy invades Egypt via Libya and is pushed back by the British, but keeps Libya thanks to German support.

Result: Showed that Italy was incapable of military victory without the help of the Germans.

Battle of the Atlantic – mid-1940 to 1943

What Happened: German U-Boats sunk merchant ships coming to Britain in an attempt to cut off their supplies. At first this hurts the British, but then they become successful in detecting and destroying U-Boats.

Result: Led to breakthroughs in anti-submarine warfare and is credited with getting the United States into the war.

Operation Barbarossa Commences – 22 June 1941

What Happened: Germans invade Eastern Europe and Western Russia in what was that largest military offensive in recorded history. The offensive is initially successful and the Germans gain much ground.

Result: The decision to invade the Soviet Union would lead to Germany’s downfall.

Atlantic Conference – 14 August 1941

What Happened: Churchill and Roosevelt met in Newfoundland and hammered the Atlantic Charter which established what a post-war World would look like. The prospect of a United Nations was also discussed.

Bombing of Pearl Harbor – 7 December 1941

What Happened: The Japanese surprise attacked a Hawaiian US naval port killing over a thousand and damaging their pacific fleet.

Result: The US declared war on Japan.

The Holocaust – 1942 to 1945

What Happened: Millions of Jews and other undesirables were sent to concentration camps and were ultimately killed.

Result: The European Jew population was almost nonexistent. Inspired the humanitarian movement that was to follow the war as well as the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Doolittle Raid – 18 April 1942

What Happened: The US, in retaliation to Pearl Harbor, conducted an air raid over the Japanese island of Honshu.

Result: Showed the Japanese that they were vulnerable to an Allied air attack.

Battle of the Coral Sea – 4 May 1942 to 8 May 1942

What Happened: The Japanese battled American and Australian navies in an attempt to land their troops at Port Moresby. This was the first time the aircraft carriers were used by both sides in battle.

Result: The US lost an aircraft carrier, but prevented the Japanese from landing at Port Moresby. Set the stage for the Battle of Midway.

Result: The Japanese lost their peace of mind that the US could not conduct an air attack on mainland Japan. This spurred them to attack the island of Midway.

Battle of Midway – 4 June 1942 to 7 June 1942

What Happened: The Japanese attacked the US base on the island of Midway, prompting retaliatory action by the Americans. The Japanese lost four of their six large aircraft carriers.

Result: The Japanese navy curtailed their expansion in the Pacific now that their navy was significantly smaller than that of the Americans’.

Battle of Stalingrad – 19 August 1942 to 2 February 1943

What Happened: Germans lay siege to Stalingrad, invade it, and then are trapped and captured by the Soviets.

Result: Over 1.5 million lives lost. Was the turning point for Germany in WWII.

Second Battle of El Alamein – 23 October 1942 to 5 November 1942

What Happened: The Allies drove Axis forces out of North Africa.

Result: The Axis could not expand in Africa nor gain access to the oil fields in the Middle East. The Allies could now focus on fighting the Axis in the Mediterranean.

Island Hopping (Leap Frogging) – 1943 to 1945

What Happened: The Americans, rather than invade and conquer every single buffer island between them and the main islands of Japan, instead cut off the weaker islands from Japanese support, invaded them, and then moved further in to the next island.

Result: This method rendered the more fortified Japanese islands useless and allowed US forces to penetrate closer and closer to the main islands of Japan.

Battle of Kursk – 4 July 1943 to 20 July 1943

What Happened: The Germans launched a large-scale offensive against the Soviets which became the largest and costliest battle in recorded history.

Result: The Soviets vanquished the Germans in a battle that is, along with the Battle of Stalingrad, credited with bringing the downfall of Germany.

Tehran Conference – 28 November 1943 & 1 December 1943

What Happened: D-Day was planned out and there was talk of the United Nations, among other things.

Result: The execution of an invasion in Western Europe was officially planned. The success in Tehran prompted the Allied leaders to meet again.

D-Day – 6 June 1944

What Happened: Allied forces deployed from Britain and landed at the Normandy Coast, France, by air and sea.

Result: Was the start of the Allied invasion of Western Europe and forced the Germans to fight a war on two fronts.

Fire Bombing of Japan – 1944 to 1945

What Happened: The US dropped incendiary bombs on sixty seven Japanese cities.

Results: Thousands of civilian Japanese were killed, millions more were left homeless and urban Japan was left in ruins.

Yalta Conference – 4 February 1945 to 13 February 1945

What Happened: The Allied leaders discussed what a post-war Europe would look like and how Germany would be divided up. Discussions also included talk of post-war spheres of influence.

Result: The Soviet Union was given influence over Eastern Europe and agreed to help the US in her fight against Japan after the war.

Liberation of the Netherlands – 5 May 1945

What Happened: Primarily Canadian forces liberated the country and then Canadian, General Charles Foulkes, signed Germany’s capitulation agreement.

Result: Huge tactical success for the Canadians that proved that the war in Europe was almost over.

German Surrender – 7 May 1945

What Happened: The German Armed Forces unconditionally surrendered to the Allies.

Result: The end of World War II in Europe.

Potsdam Conference – 17 July 1945 to 2 August 1945

What Happened: The terms of Germany’s surrender were ironed out and the map of Europe was redrawn, undoing most of Hitler’s changes. Germany was divided into zones which were allocated to the Allied powers.

Result: Most of borders decided at the Potsdam Conference remain to this day. The inclusion of Germany in reparation discussions prevented history from repeating itself. Tensions between the Western Powers and Stalin set the stage for the Cold War.

Dropping of the Atomic Bomb – 6 August 1945 and 9 August 1945

What Happened: The Americans dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Result: The deaths of over 200 000 Japanese civilians and spurred Japan to surrender.

If you’re looking for the real story behind the surrender of Japan, start by researching the Japanese Emperor’s role. According to General Macarthur, the Japanese refused to surrender as long as the safety of their emperor was not guaranteed, but were willing to sign a treaty if he could remain untouched. The Americans refused to do this, and then dropped a bomb on Hiroshima. The Japanese did not respond diplomatically. Then the Americans dropped a bomb on Nagasaki. The Japanese, again, did not respond. Then the Americans guaranteed the survival of the emperor. At this point, and only at this point, the Japanese agreed to surrender.

Why did America drop the bombs on Japan, then, if it could have secured exactly the same peace terms without them? Granted, American policy makers were not simply sadistic and revenge-seeking (though the same might not be said of all aspects of the population at the time). The answer to this question might be found by looking at the bombs’ Cold War context. Historians and politicians alike have speculated that President Truman needed to show the Soviets that he was willing to use nuclear weapons against civilians in order to enhance his credibility and keep Soviet aggression contained. As George Kennan’s Long Telegram would later suggest, the American administration believed that the godless communists in Moscow could only be negotiated with using force. The Bomb was evidence of this force. It was the root of the Truman Doctrine.

In this way, the atomic bombs seem much less like the final shots of the Second World War, and, instead, much more like the opening shots of the Cold War.

When Supreme Commander A.E.F. Eisenhower wrote “It wasn’t necessary to hit them with that awful thing”, he meant to say that the Japanese would have surrendered – especially since the Russians had just entered the war against Japan – without any further American lives lost. He was not, at this time, worried about considering the bomb’s global context.

Whether Truman’s decision was moral or immoral, the incontrovertible fact remains that atomic bombs did not save any American lives during the Second World War. Whether they saved American lives by averting a direct military confrontation with the Soviet Union, however, is anyone’s guess.