The bombings actually had more meaning than simply ending the war. Each interpretation of the bombings has an obvious link to the interests of the United States. Because of these special interests, the morality and ethics of the bombing is questionable. It is obvious that the United States was the only country who stood to gain anything from the bombings.

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Some may say that we had to end the war so that we could put ourselves in a better position in the world; this position would later enable us to help other countries. Others argue that our actions were selfish, ruthless, and outright destructive. Although there are many opinions on the atomic bombing of Japan, we cannot change history; we can only reflect upon our past actions and strive to be better.

Military Reasons for Bombing

One of the most popular explanations for the bombing was for military reasons, to end the war immediately. Ending the war promptly prevented the need for future invasions, which saved more lives in the long run. Based on previous battles with Japan, the United States knew that more battles would result in a great deal of bloodshed. (Oh, n.d.) The Japanese army was determined to fight us with everything they had, which meant there were a lot of casualties.

End the War Quickly by Forcing Surrender

Shortly before the atomic bombs were dropped, it was obvious that Japan was near defeat but they were not necessarily ready to surrender. There was no question that we would defeat Japan, but the United States wanted to do so more quickly than it was happening. The atomic bomb was more about ending the war as immediately than it was about defeating Japan. (Cooper, 2000)

Keep Russia Out of the War

Russia was eager to join the war in order to help us defeat Japan, but we did not want their help. The United States feared Russian involvement because we did not want Russia to feel entitled to gaining anything, such as territory in Asia, from the imminent defeat. To allow such a territorial gain would surely mean the spread of Communism, which the United States did not want because we considered Russia one of our greatest enemies at the time. One of the main motivations for dropping the bombs was to force Japan to surrender; we knew that this tool was key in getting the Emperor to end the fighting. (Cooper, 2000)

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Political Reasons for Bombing

In addition to military reasons, there were also many political reasons behind the bombing of Japan. The creation and testing of the atomic bomb was a very expensive project, so many government officials felt that the value of the bomb must be demonstrated by using it in the war. (Oh, n.d.) If it was not used, then it would seem like a waste of government funding because its true potential would not be seen. The United States felt that the physical and psychological power of the bomb needed to be demonstrated to the world.

Intimidation Tool 

Not only did we want other countries to know we had a powerful weapon, we wanted them to fear it. Many people suggest that one of the reasons we used the bomb was to intimidate the Russians, which has some truth to it. Soviet Russia was considered an enemy of the United States; the bomb showed them and the rest of the world what we had in our arsenal. One of our greatest fears was that Russia would attempt to expand into Asia. The bomb obviously had political implications on the rest of the world, especially Russia. The United States showed the world that we did not need Russia’s help to defeat Japan and gave us a strong hand for future negotiations. (Oh, n.d.)

Social Reasons for Bombing

There are also social reasons behind the bombings of Japan. At that point in history, the average American disliked Japan and the Japanese people a great deal. These tensions had been building ever since the 19th century and eventually peaked when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. (Oh, n.d.) The bombing of Japan can be viewed as retaliation; the United States bombed them because of Pearl Harbor and their terrible treatment of American prisoners of war.

POW’s were tortured and killed during this time in history and the American people were outraged. Despite the obvious dislike between the United States and Japan, this social reason alone is not why we bombed Japan. The government insists that the bomb was originally intended for Nazi Germany, but the bomb was not ready prior to their surrender on May 7th. (Oh, n.d.)

Image via Wikipedia

Image via Wikipedia

Was it Justified?

Every attempt to justify the bombing of Japan is met with resistance. We can see that the decision to bomb Japan was not based on one reason, but rather a culmination of reasons from different points of view in the United States government. The military, politicians, and the American people each had their own reasons for supporting the bombing at the time. Although each of these reasons together are historically why Japan was bombed, it does not mean that all of them were fair and justified. This piece of our history illustrates America as arrogant and powerful. Although we may not consider arrogance a good trait, at that time it was necessary. The bombing of Japan played a key role in the end of WWII and subsequent history, despite seemingly compromised morals and ethics.

References

Cooper, J. (2000) Truman’s Motivations: Using the Atomic Bomb in the Second World War. Retrieved on August 9, 2011 from http://www.johnwcooper.com/papers/atomicbombtruman.htm

Oh, J. (n.d.) Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Decision to Drop the Bomb. Retrieved on August 9, 2011 from http://www.umich.edu/~historyj/pages_folder/articles/Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki/pdf

Local police immediately moved quickly after the incident occurred Molotov cocktails on Sunday (1 / 1). On Monday (2 / 1), the police spread the image of the perpetrator’s face was recorded on security cameras.

Finally, on Tuesday (3 / 1) local time, the perpetrator was arrested. Mentioned actors are local residents.

“Is this an ordinary crime or a crime of violence based on racial hatred, is still undecided. In such cases, we will not tolerate it,” said New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, as reported by AFP on Wednesday (1/4/2012 ).

This statement came after a meeting with representatives of Muslim, Jewish and Christian at Imam Al-Khoei Foundation, which is a center of Islamic studies at New York.

This incident had caused tension among religious people in New York. However, the police tried hard to investigate these criminal acts. Investigation still being conducted by local police.

Previously reported, unidentified men threw Molotov cocktails at the three places in the area of ​​Queens, New York, USA. The bomb was made from a glass bottle filled with former Starbucks drinks flammable liquids.

A petrol bomb was thrown into the building of Al-Khoei Foundation in the Van Wyck Expressway and damaging the door. Bombs were also thrown at a kiosk which also managed the Muslims in the same environment.

Finally, two other Molotov cocktails were thrown into a house of worship into a temple of Hindu society. There were no casualties from the attack.

Just a few of the high profile cases that had baffled crime investigators over the last few centuries were the Ratcliffe Highway Murders in early 1800’s London, the Whitechapel Murders (Jack the Ripper) of the 1880’s London England and The Mad Bomber Case which continued for some sixteen years in New York City during the 1940’s and 50’s.These were crimes that tried some of the best minds in law enforcement, yet lacking credible eyewitnesses and important incriminating evidence not to mention today’s modern DNA profiles, solving the crime proved to be either extremely time consuming or simply impossible.

Psychology and Crime Investigations

It would be fair to say that prior to the 1950’s the science of psychology and the art of crime fighting were two separate vocations with absolutely nothing in common. You could also say there was a degree of animosity in as much as the police felt that crimes got solved by good old fashioned investigations. One case however was considered the pivotal event that blended together the art of crime fighting and the science of psychology.

A series of bombings that transpired in New York City starting in 1942 and lasting until 1956 had the New York City Police Department at a dead end. Small pipe bombs were placed in a variety of locations. The Paramount Theaters both in Manhatten and in Brooklyn, the Grand Central terminal the New York Public Library in Manhatten, Radio City Music Hall, the Consolidated Edison Company headquarters also in Manhatten were some of the sites chosen by the bomber who was eventually referred to by the press and the NYPD as “The Mad Bomber”.

The NYPD was obviously under a lot of pressure to solve this case. The fact that so many years went by without a solid lead in the case made the pressure grow even more. What the police had in their possession after years of investigating were many fragments of the bomb, in some cases, unexploded bombs that were disassembled and a series of letters from the bomber which made mention of the “dastardly deeds” committed by Consolidated Edison. One might suppose that a careful study of who had a grudge against Con-Ed might unmask the bomber, but in reality, many people had grudges against major utility companies for a wide variety of reasons, real and imaginary.

Finally, In 1956, the NYPD investigators asked psychiatrist James Brussel, New York State’s assistant commissioner of mental hygiene, to study crime scene photos and notes from the bomber. It came to the point that any help at all would be better than nothing. To be sure, there was a great deal of skepticism from seasoned investigators as to what value, if any, a psychiatrist could add. After carefully examining all evidence the police had collected over many years, Brussel came up with an amazing detailed description of the suspect: Brussel would suggest that the Mad Bomber would likely be unmarried, foreign, self-educated in electrical knowledge, most likely n his 50s, residing in Connecticut, quite paranoid with a grudge of some sort against Con Edison which was the recipient of the first bomb planted at their Manhatten headquarters. Brussel formed some of these observations from handwriting samples and phrases used in the bomber’s letters. As somewhat general as Brussel’s observation was, this was a first for law enforcement although the detectives present at this meeting were not overly impressed. History shows that there were attempts to determine a persons propensity toward criminal activity even as far back as the Roman times however the characteristics proffered were of a physical nature. Strong jaw, sloped forehead, certain eyes…all of these were studied and nothing of course was proven. James Brussel was the first to actually tie psychiatric elements such as paranoia and psychosis to the cause. Regardless of what some of the rank and file detectives thought, Brussel’s opinions gave the NYPD something to go on and at this point in the investigation it was more than they had otherwise. Brussel also suggested that the police make an attempt to communicate with the bomber. The psychiatrist was convinced that the bomber, through the letters he wrote to both the police and the press, wanted to communicate.

An Offer to Communicate

Up until this point the police had kept a lid on the bomber investigation. One reason was that they didn’t want to encourage copycats. Other reasons were that they didn’t want to panic the public and the fact that they weren’t making solid progress to date meant that higher profile press coverage only pointed out their shortcomings to the reading public. In spite of this, a pivotal decision was made to start communicating with the bomber and this was made in conjunction with and by the urging of the editor of William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal-American newspaper.

When press coverage picked up there of course were many false tips phoned in. Disgruntled spouses might try to turn in their partner, neighbors might point to a fellow neighbor who in their mind might have been acting suspiciously, confessions from a variety of crackpots and so on. Everything of course had to be checked out and the time and money expended was considerable. There were even suspects who were jailed and placed in front of a judge. One such suspect had to be released after bombs were planted and letters received while he was in jail. This just points out how perplexed the NYPD was with the whole investigation.

After the Journal-American began writing stories publishing the profile given earlier by Dr. Brussel and also suggesting that the bomber communicate his specific grievances with them, letters began arriving. Since the police and papers already had samples of the bombers handwriting it was fairly easy to authenticate the letters received.

The Journal-American, through it’s newspaper classified section and in cooperation with the NYPD, started to communicate back and forth with the bomber. The paper and in reality the police, kept asking for more specifics from the bomber. When the bomber actually cited a specific date he was injured at Con-Ed and that the Workmen’s Compensation Board denied his case, everything of course started to fall in place. Again, although the utility company had plenty of people unhappy with it, specific dates certainly narrowed things down quite a bit. While the communication kept up the police were pressuring Con-Ed for more information from their old files.

The End of the Mad Bomber of New York

After a secretary for Con-Ed found an old file which matched to a tee the information given by the Mad Bomber himself via letters to the New York Journal-American, things came together for the struggling NYPD like never before. They found their suspect living in Waterbury Connecticut. In conjunction with Waterbury police investigators they determined that their man was still residing at the residence that was on file not only with Con-Ed but also with the Workmans Compensation Board from decades earlier.

After being satisfied that the man living at that address was indeed the same man from the Con-Ed files, a joint raid was planned to make an arrest. Interestingly enough, the raid went extremely smooth. In fact, a man named George Metesky answered his door in the middle of the night. After questioning, Metesky led the police to the garage workshop, where they found his lathe. While searching the house they found pipes and connectors for bombs hidden in the pantry and a wealth of other evidence. Metesky went quietly and without incident to the Waterbury police station for further interrogation.

Word spread to the press and the police station was overwhelmed with reporters from both local outlets and from national wire services. After many hours of interrogation in which the suspect confessed to the crime, the suspect waived extradition and was transported back to New York City for processing.

Much of the criminal profile given out by Dr. Brussel proved to be quite accurate. If someone giving a profile that’s perhaps 80% accurate with what evidence existed, that would be quite an accomplishment. This is about how well Brussel did with the first ever criminal profile given to a police department by a psychiatrist. During the time that this case came to an end, psychiatry was realizing a lot of change. Much was being learned and states were reevaluating their institutions which up until then were more of a place of detention as opposed to being a healing hospital. New methods of therapy were being developed and the licensing of care workers became more strict.

What Happened to George Metesky?

After a few years of court hearings and therapy, Metesky was declared insane. He was deemed not in a position to know the scope of his crimes nor help in his defense of the charge. What did happen was that George Metesky was sent to various mental institutions where he spent sixteen years in all. In 1973 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the state of New York could not keep an inmate in a correctional mental institution unless he was proved to be “presently” dangerous. Several doctors concluded that Metesky was harmless, and because he had already served two-thirds of the 25-year maximum sentence he would have received if he would have been convicted during a trial, he was released in December 1973. Metesky was released with the condition that he make regular visits to a Connecticut Department of Mental Hygiene location near his home. There’s much more to the story of George Metesky, his struggle against Consolidated Edison for compensation for his injury and his many court hearings. It’s an interesting story and there are a few good books out on the subject. All in all, Metesky planted some 32 pipe bombs. While there were some injuries involved, fortunately no one lost their life due to his crimes. It was a case where his overriding hatred for the wrongs he felt Con-Ed was responsible for turned into an obsession which drew him deeper and deeper into mental illness. George Metesky wanted attention drawn to his years old struggle with Con-Ed and in his twisted way of thinking the planting of relatively small bombs was a cry for attention. In his mind, there was justification for his ill deeds. George Metesky died in 1993 at the age of ninety. From about 1957 onward, police departments around the country started to use criminal profiling for their hard to solve cases. Today, the FBI has an entire section devoted to criminal profiling.

The bomb was known to exist after the river receded Rhines post last month dry season. When domesticated, the bomb is located in water depth of 40 cm with 350 surrounded by sand bags. Bomb disposal expert, Marco Ofenstein admitted this operation is very risky.

“This is a British bomb that had been submerged in water for a long time. Explosives in the detonator easily react with water, if the detonator shift, it will be very risky,” said Marco who finally managed to defuse the bomb.

During penjinakkan efforts, as many as 45,000 residents in a radius of 1.8 km around the bomb were evacuated. Patients in the hospital rushed to safety, the stores closed by its owners. No exception to the prison at Koblenz, all cells emptied. They are all housed in a sports hall for several hours.

The bomb was one of 1.9 million tons of bombs dropped troops allied to Germany in 1944-1945 for the Nazi retaliation attacks on Poland and London. As many as 500,000 people were killed in the bombing. Koblenz city located in western Germany is one of the worst damage.

Let’s hope no one – people who try to ignite a world war. Because if there is war, you can surely imagine how terrible it was war. Here is a list of nine State has the most nuclear bombs in the world

1. United States Of America
The first Test in 1945The size of the Nuclear Supplies 5113Last Nuclear Test 1992
America has conducted the experiment 1054 times and has a range of nuclear bombs as far as 13 000 KM. U.S. nuclear test that first, ”Trinity” in 1945 was the first nuclear bomb in the world. Which is then a very famous scientist, Albert Einstein suggested that U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to make a nuclear bomb weapons. Until eventually be used to cripple Japan at that time, by dropping the ”Little Boy” on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and August 9, 1945.
Currently the U.S. has 20 nuclear development center. Nevertheless, Americans have made ​​some mistakes during nuclear bomb testing, among others in the city of Atlantic, New Jersey in 1957, in the Thule Air Base, Greenland in 1968,Savannah, Georgia in 1958, Goldsboro, North Carolina in 1961,in waters near Palomares, Spain in 1966 and near Okinawa in 1965. Fortunately no one really - really cause a severe nuclear disaster.

2.      Russia

The first Test in 1949The size of 2.825 Nuclear Inventories, Stock record ever achieved: 41.000Last Nuclear Test 1992
Russia became the second country that detonates a nuclear bomb in the world, namely in 1949. In 1990 Russia did at least715 nuclear tests. including also the use of 969 nuclear devices.”Joe-1″ is the name of the first Russian nuclear explosion. The explosion of this magnitude up to 20 Kilo Ton.
“Tsar Bomb”, which is the biggest nuclear bomb ever detonated Russia in 1967. The explosion was a magnitude of up to 57,000kilo tons. Although it was actually planned to be able to reach strength of 100,000 kilo tones’ Second-largest nuclear bombthat was detonated Castle Bravo. Detonated in 1954 by the United States. the explosion was powerful to 15,000 kilo tons.

3. UK (United Kingdom)

The first test in 1952Nuclear Inventory Size 225Last Nuclear Test 1991
In 1968, Britain signed an agreement not to develop nuclear(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.). Britain and America have cooperated well in the field of nuclear safety since 1958 to hold a defense cooperation agreement (Mutual Defence Agreement).The two countries have exchanged information and cooperate in the field of weapons - nuclear weapons.

4. France
The first test in 1960Nuclear stockpile size 300Last Nuclear Test 1995
Like the British, French is also Member of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 1968, France conducted a nuclear bomb testing that are fusion bombs. French first create a nuclear bomb in 1958, when under the reign of Charles de Gaulle and then performed the experiment in 1960. Until now France has conducted about 200 nuclear experiments.

5. china
The first Test in 1964Nuclear stockpile size 240Last Nuclear Test 1996
After the test the first atomic bomb. china hydrogen bomb test in 1967. China now has about 180 active nuclear bomb ready for war. China is one - the only nuclear weapon states to provide insurance to countries without nuclear weapons: ”China will not use nuclear weapons against countries without nuclear weapons or a nuclear bomb will not explode in a nuclear weapon-free zones at any time under any circumstances.

6. India
The first Test in 1974Nuclear stockpile sizes 40-95Last nuclear test in 1998
India has nuclear weapons and is also able to send it through aircraft and ships. Nuclear armed forces are being developed. India’s first nuclear bomb test pull-called “Smilling Biddha” or “Buddha Smiles” which is expected to be a peaceful nuclear explosion, but after the bombing in 1998, India experienced a wave of economic sanctions from the U.S., Japan and othernations. But now India instead India Nuclear Pact approval from the United States, which allows India gain more access to atomic technology belongs to the West.

7. Pakistan 
The first test May 28, 1998Nuclear stockpile sizes 70-90Last Nuclear Test May 30, 1998
After India’s nuclear bomb test early in 1998, Pakistan began in response to ”Smilling Buddha”. Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto said after the test “If India was making a bomb, we will eat grass and leaves for thousands of years, but we will have it (the bomb) as well. The Christian has a bomb, a Jewish bomb, and now the Buddha also have a bomb. Why Muslims do not have it too? ”
Pakistan’s nuclear program began in 1956, however, the program stalled when President Ayub Khan to impose martial law first, when the nuclear technician to convince the president to givepermission to continue this program, President Ayub Khanrefused. President Ayub Khan said that Pakistan does not need a bomb.

8. North Korea 
The first Test in 2006Nuclear stockpile size is less than 10Last Nuclear Test 2009
As a country that has a large arsenal of chemical weapons, North Korea is the country’s nuclear owner of the ”full”. North Korea now has two active nuclear reactors. And in 2006, exactly on October 9, North Korea’s first nuclear test.

9. Israel
First Test of 1979 is possibleSize of the nuclear stockpile of over 400Last nuclear test in 1979 is possible
Israel is not only believed to have nuclear weapons ready for combat but also capable of firing its use intercontinental balisticmissiles, fighter aircraft, and navy. Israel began its nuclear research immediately after the discovery of nuclear. Israel to build its first reactor in 1950, and made its first nuclear weapon in the 60’s, but now against such treatment not as a nuclear state. However, even European countries including Britain and France helped Israel in its efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
Israel is also believed to have created a mini nuclear bomb small enough to fit into the bag. In fact, more than that, Israel is also reported to have a neutron bomb that amount is not known

U.S.  Successfully Destroy A Nuclear Bomb
According to the Federation of American Scientists, B53 explosive 600 times more powerful than nuclear bombs the U.S. dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, at the end of World War II. B53 is deliberately designed to destroy underground facilities. The bomb was fired with the usual B-52 bombers.
 
Having been made with the old technology by the technicians who have retired or even dead, the bomb deactivation process takes quite a while. Technicians have to use complicated equipment and new procedures to ensure their safety.
 
“We know that working on this project is very challenging. And, we work together with a great team to develop a safe and efficient manner,” said John Woolery, general manager of Pantex.
 
A number of B53 has been disabled in the 1980s. But there are still a lot of stock in the armory until it was decided not to be used again in 1997. Pantex spokesman Greg Cunningham declined to comment about the amount of B53 is disabled in Texas.

U.S.  Successfully Destroy A Nuclear Bomb
Weapons are disabled by separating about 136 kilograms of high explosives with special nuclear material called a pit. Pit uranium that will be temporarily stored in the basement at the Texas nuclear reactors. NNSA adding that the materials and components that B53 will be processed in several ways. Among other things, cleaned, recycled, and discarded.

North Korea, an Asian country, recently launched a series of nuclear missiles as part of its nuclear programs. In the West, the United States of America immediately responded to address this current issue. The production of these hazardous nuclear weapons might provoke a new war. The human race doesn’t need to possess such weapons to surivive. Just look at the lives of our ancient ancestors. Although they have no nuclear weapons, our ancestors managed to survive in the world. Peace should be the ultimate goal of mankind. Peace will give us tranquility. Each one of has a role in achieving the dream of a peaceful world.

   I have a dream. My dream is a powerful world today and tomorrow. If only North Korea will end their futile nuclear once and for all will the dream of peace be possible. I’m optimistic that god will open the eyes of the leaders of North Korea. The budget of North Korea will be used wisely if it will be used for health, for education and for the environment. North America might become a good example if they act accordingly to the dream of peace.

   The dream of peace can be attained by stopping the nuclear weapons program. Moreover, if possible, man may also stop producing other kinds of dangerous explosives such as grenades, bazookas, and many others. The parents of very young children shouldn’t show violence to their children because it might have a negative effect on their children’s character.

Image via Wikipedia

As long as nuclear weapons exist, war is possible. It is now the time to end the nuclear program. I believe that my dream of peace is possible. A peaceful world is a happy place to live in. Man can live without nuclear weapons. It is now the time to make a change.

Rina Ristiningsih, women operators in Solonet was on duty on Sunday 25 September 2011. He kept fifteen chambers computers, and the morning was not all filled. The man did not speak much, and selecting one bit in the corner booth. Number nine.

There, he then started to login. Oki noted the name of the admin computer. Later, in Internet history, recorded the man’s access to a number of jihadist websites. Was reading too serious: suicide bombings article. Also the struggle of the mujahideen.

Rina did not really care. An hour later, he was out of the booth. He left his backpack to Rina, and then disappear for a while. He had told me came from Jakarta, and to Solo to look for work.

He returned to the cafe Solonet at 10:15 pm. There, she logged in again. Admin computer records the name Eko. But he was not long in the cubicle. Only ten minutes. Internet history records him go to the site of Al Qaeda and Arrahmah.com.

After that the man was out. He disappeared.

Less than half an hour, a loud explosion was heard from the direction of Bethel Full Gospel Church. The distance from the cafe to the church was not far. Approximately 200 meters.

Rina was even more surprised, when listening to the news that there is a suicide bombing at the church, and the culprit is a foreign man in the booth’s number nine. “If you look at photographs the perpetrator, characteristics identical to those visiting this cafe,” he said.

Stranger was apparently entered through a side door of the church when the congregation has completed a second mass. Suicide bomber triggered the man at 10:55 pm at the main door of the church. He, green beransel man died on the spot. His belly spilled. While 28 people were wounded by the church congregation nuts, bolts, and nails from the bomb vomiting therein.

Fugitive Cirebon

Two days later, after tests and DNA fingerprinting by the police, the man’s identity was revealed. His name is Pino Damayanto. He also has many aliases: Akhmad Urip, alias Abu Daud, aka Akhmad Yosepa Hayat, or Raharjo, or Hayat. “From the fingerprints, there are 15 points kesamaaan,” said National Police spokesman, Inspector-General Anton Bachrul Alam.

He had long wanted by the police regarding the case of suicide bombings in Mapolresta Cirebon, April. Whose Life?

Born in Losari, Cirebon, dated October 19, 1980, father David and mother Turani Hind. Because sickly renamed Akhmad Urip. As an adult he was called Hayat.

Hayat was the eldest son of the second wife of David Hind. He has two younger brothers, namely Teno Matsusima and Nola. Meanwhile, from her first marriage with a woman named Kuriah, David had two children namely Feni Susanti and Tino Tondano.

Small Hayat Astanalanggar had lived in the Village, District Losari, Cirebon regency. According to the Village Head Astanalanggar, Gurotin Mas’ud, Hayat did not stay long in the village. Because in 1988 he and his extended family joined transmigration. “To the Sambas, West Kalimantan,” said Gurotin.

According to Hayat’s uncle, Imran Masio, before moving to Sambas, David had been a businessman smoking. Cigarette company name is Peace. “So his son is named Pino Damayanto,” said Imran.

In 1993, a large family Hayat returned to Cirebon. His father then moved to Pandesan. He traded meatballs in there. At that time I started school in junior high Hayat Assuniyah, District Losari, Cirebon regency. Subsequently in 1996, Hayat attended Vocational School (SMK) Bhakti Dwi, District of Tangerang, Cirebon regency.

In learning achievement, Hayat did not stand out. Diplomas scored an average of 7.

Asep Sucipta Spd, Hayat classmate who is now a teacher at SMK Dwi Bhakti, said Hayat aloof, and too quiet. “He has a hobby of drawing,” said Asep. Hayat never aspire to become a machine technician.

During the school at SMK Dwi Bhakti is also Hayat became involved in the study. “He began actively teaching in high school,” his uncle, Imran, explains. From this study he was familiar with radical mass organizations. Among Laskar Mujahidin Cirebon.

Andi Mulya, Chairman of Laskar Mujahidin Cirebon, did not deny Hayat never joined the organization. “He’s never joined,” said Andi. Furthermore, says Andi, Hayat M Syarief together, suicide bombers in mosques Mapolresta Cirebon April, joined the Jamaat Tawhid Ansharut (JAT) Cirebon. From there, the organization Hayat disconnected with the Laskar Mujahidin. “But the friendship, stay in touch, often meet,” said Andi.

On 19 September 2010, Hayat and M. Syarief attacked and destroyed three mini market in Cirebon. The reason in a department store that sells liquor. Of the five suspects dicokok police, one of the Great Nur Alam, Chairman of JAT Cirebon. He was sentenced to five months because of the action. But Hayat and Syarief escaped.

In memory of Andi Mulya, Hayat has a quiet nature. “No sebrutal his friends,” he added.

Agung Nur Alam, chairman of JAT Cirebon is also not denied Hayat never joined to JAT. But since declared DPO (list of criminals) in the case of destruction of the mini, “I never met M Syarief and Hayat.”

Hayat said the Supreme longer than the Laskar Mujahidin join in Cirebon JAT. Hayat, he said, five years as a member of the organization’s former Afghan mujahideen.

Learning from the internet

Six hours after the bomb exploded Solo, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that while the police investigation of terrorist acts in the Solo has a common thread with the acts of terror in Cirebon. “Bomber is a terrorist network members Cirebon six months ago,” he said.

Police Headquarters also said Hayat is a terrorist network Cirebon. On 15 April 2011, the network performs a similar action in the mosque Adzikra, Complex Mapolresta Cirebon. At that time, suicide bombers are Muhammad Syarief.

Hayat also involved the destruction Indomart Alfamart and Cirebon in September 2010. “Hayat also include one member of the JAT Cirebon,” said National Police spokesman Anton Bachrul Alam.

Former commander for the Southeast Asian Jemaah Islamiyah, Nasir Abbas said the suicide bombing at Bethel Full Gospel Church (GBIS) Kepunton, Tegal Harjo, Jebres, Solo, Central Java, is the sporadic actions of small groups numbering two to three people.

“I see them more in small groups,” he said. They are, says Nasir, usually recruit their own members. At most only three people.

Nasir explained, suicide bombings in Solo, it is not much different in Cirebon on 15 April 2011 then. It happened, says Nasir, due to limited funds. They chose small towns. If done in Jakarta, this group needs huge funds for accommodation and transportation.

Researcher on terrorism, Sidney Jones, the group assess Hayat is a new group.

“Hayat arguably the third generation after Dr Azahari,” said senior researcher at the International Crisis Group (ICG) Southeast Asia. It also, says Sidney, who distinguishes between groups of Hayat and Dr. Azahari.

At the time of Dr. Azahari, Jemaah Islamiah training cadre could take 1-3 years. This includes the practice of making bombs. But the group Hayat and M Sharif, according to Sidney, just 1-3 months of military training.

That is why, the quality of the action of this new group declined. “Victims groups Hayat fewer victims than the group of Dr. Azahari,” he said.

Where did they learn? Sidney saw an important role for the radical site Hayat. “Site radicals contribute to terrorism,” he asserted. Because of this site can be pumped hatred, as well as propaganda for the candidates ‘bride’ or potential suicide bombers.

Whether to convince himself, Hayat did see the site before radical burst themselves in the church. These terrorists 2.0 era?

In the year 2012, the political leaders of the world got together and discussed topics regarding the state of the world. At a certain point communication went south and tempers flared. There were insults, racial slurs, and every derogatory term under the sun had been used. The meeting ended on a sour note and was called off; however, this does not mean communication had ceased. The ties between Russia and Germany had been shaky at best, and it showed. Their argument got to the point where there were threats of war, which soon broke out amongst the two nations. Germany, having been pushed into a corner, made a last ditch effort and launch a nuclear strike on Russia. This angered the neighboring countries. So much so, that they decided to join the fray. China was bombing Germany, whilst Germany bombed Russia. Every nation decided to take the opportunity to lay siege onto the nation that most displeased them. Eventually, the world had been ravaged to a point where repair seemed almost impossible. There had been so many nuclear strikes that all electrical equipment had been fried in the EMP blasts. Anything with a circuit had been long since destroyed.

By the time everyone had realized the consequences of their actions, some 200 years later, it was too late. Little over ninety-nine percent of the world’s population had been wiped out; men, women, children, husbands, wives, brothers, and sisters alike; leaving a mere 6 million people left in total. These 6 million people are a melting pot of the total population of every country; furthermore, these 6 million are divided amongst the two remaining factions who are split between the new and old Babylonians. The two have been fighting for so long that they have long since forgotten why they were fighting in the first place. To them it’s a way of life; however, lurking in the ashen shadows of the once proud nations, lies a new threat, the necrotic fruit of their actions past.

Chapter 1

It was particularly hot in New Babylonia today, being mid-day in June and all, and they were still at it; although, it probably didn’t help that I was in full leather. The two factions, of who neither knew why they were fighting in the first place, were at each other’s throats with intent to kill, and I, Tsunagaru Masaki, wanted no part of it. I just didn’t see the need to fight for no reason, but I did like to wear the military uniform, because the clunky goggles kept the dust from your eyes and the leather was durable and prevented injury in case of accidents. Others frowned upon me because of the fact that I didn’t feel the need to fight even though I had the height and strength needed to be a soldier. For some reason it had just been accepted as honorable to kill a New Babylonian, again, I just didn’t get it. I spent my time doing things that I thought were infinitely more productive. Machines always fascinated me, even though hardly any of them worked, but I still liked them. I liked to see how they worked; what made them tick. I would often invent machines of my own for various purposes. It has been said in fairy tales that in the past that the technology was far greater than it was now. Everyone, nowadays, is so gosh darn stubborn that they flat out refuse to believe that the new and old Babylonians were once the same race of people and insist that we are at the pinnacle of technology. To give a brief summary of the current living conditions, I would have to say that we’re more than a few towels short from a 5-star hotel. The rooms were damp and musty with dust and dirt piled higher than most of the buildings, which looked like they would collapse given a small breeze. Honestly, I don’t know how anyone could even consider living in these conditions. Regardless, it was none of my business, so, in light of that, I went on an expedition to some of the ruins farther away from ground zero.

There were plenty of “ground zeros” across the scorched earth, but no one knew why we called it ground zero, nor why there were multiple ground zeros. It was just another one of those generally accept beliefs… not that they held any particular significance anyways. According to the old maps that were saved from the blasts, New Babylonia would be square in what was, Hiroshima, Japan. There weren’t many surviving documents from the past; in fact, there weren’t many things that survived period, but, I guess we did what we had to in order to survive. The issue with a ground zero is that they are forbidden grounds. They are forbidden because the current power says that those who travel there become deathly ill. I didn’t see the issue because I’m out there nearly every day and I have yet to so much as sneeze.

“Not causing trouble again are we?” said a familiar voice.

“If you call collecting trouble then I guess so” I retorted.

“The sass with you!” said the voice, as I had not even bothered to turn around.

“You could at least face me when you’re talking!” she yelled as I finally decided to turn around.

“Keiko, I don’t even know why you bother with me every day” I sighed…

I’ve known Keiko for a few years now. We happened to meet one afternoon at the eastern border of this particular ground zero. Usually, her form of a greeting is a hearty helping of unwarranted accusations followed immediately by acts of physical violence. Her bold jade eyes and fiery red hair complemented her stubborn and abrasive attitude and matched her only volume setting, loud; however, she does have good morals and never fails to impose it on others. I have my reasons for distancing myself from others and most people tend to steer clear anyways, but she won’t for some reason.

…”Because you cause trouble with each of your inventions! And you know that there have been disappearances lately!” Keiko stated

“It’s not my fault that people try to mess with the stuff,” I said with a pout

“Every time I get something finished someone has to fiddle with it out of spite or curiosity,” I continued.

“I know, but the other citizens don’t see it that way,” she said calming down

“It doesn’t help that you accept the blame for the incidents either. Even though you were not the cause…” she finished

“Isn’t this against the rules? I thought new and old Babylonians were supposed to be enemies?” I said, trying to escape

“You know that you don’t mean that. I know that you think all this…” I began to tune her out, because at one point, amongst my rummaging, I came across something particularly interesting. There was a building entrenched in the decrepit ruins in the distance which was, for the most part, intact. I managed to slip away from Keiko, while she was talking, into the direction of the structure. Upon venturing inside, I was immediately greeted by a huge door. The door was not rusted in the slightest with an intricate bronzed surface. Gears and cogs covered the face of the gilded door. I was brimming with curiosity, so I broke out my tools and began to disassemble the door. The tools I used may attest to the size of the door. I had to use a ladder, which was conveniently nearby, to get to the top section of the door. The scale of the door was no joke, but the inner mechanisms were intriguing, to say the least. Gears, cogs, pins, wheels, bolts, it had everything. After a while, I began to think, “What could have warranted a door of this magnitude?”, and with that, passing thought I drew the last bolt from the hinge and down the door went; with a magnificent sound to boot, scattering parts across the foyer. The inside was infinitely more interesting that the door itself. Surprisingly, the inside looked completely clean and untouched by time itself. It was a gear-head’s dream. There were mechanical components as far as the eye could see. Apparently, our precursors were able to build devices that could only be possible in one’s imagination. There were guns that were not steam powered, torches that had no flame, and what looked to be metal humans. This looked like it was meant to be a factory for making them. I looked at the ones that looked finished and began fiddling with the spare components. I felt that the human shape was a tad eerie, so, I decided on something more of a wolf or dog shape. Smooth, precise, fluid, every piece went together like the opposite ends of a magnet. The components were all compatible and meshed together regardless of my building style. Each piece smoothed together with the next and melded upon contact, leaving only the faintest of lines, which was the only clue that they weren’t one piece to begin with. I had constructed it with a similar foundation to the others, but each one looked like they were missing the same thing. I looked around for a component that looked like it fit, only to come across another room. This room was filled with hazard signs and intimidating creations, but curiosity got the best of me. I looked around and found some switches, and inquisitive as always I pulled them. I jumped with surprise as the first one made a horrible noise start somewhere else in the building. After a period, the noise leveled out and became less threatening. In spite of my initial reaction and apparent apprehension, I pulled the second switch and the room was flooded with blinding light. I had initially thought that the ceiling had opened up, but once my eye sight had adjusted, It looked like they had placed these light sticks in the ceilings.

“Huh, interesting”, I thought.

With the rooms now filled with light, I could investigate more in depth. I spotted a machine that looked like it took the same component that the humanoids were missing. In the back of the room, I found it. I had found what looked to be the missing component. It was cylindrical and had a protrusion and a recess on the top and bottom, respectively, and was roughly the size of a tin can. Excited, I rushed over to my creation and placed the component into my machine. After a period of waiting, I began to wonder what that machine from before did, so I removed the component from my wolf and returned to the curious machine in the other room. I put the new part in this machine and it too did nothing. There were plenty of switches on this contraption too, but none of them looked like the others I had flipped. I couldn’t decide which one to push, so I just went with the biggest one. The room went alive and the contraption made a hellish cocktail of buzzing, whirring, cracking, and beeping sounds. I ran for cover outside of the room, but the event had stopped as quickly as it had begun. What had remained of the component? What had remained look exactly as it did before, but it was warm now? Filled with a sense of accomplishment, I returned to my creation and placed the component into the compartment. The compartment immediately closed and the wolf spoke to me and said, “Voice authentication required”. Not knowing what to say I said, “I’m going to call you Hagane!”. Hagane then said, “Voice Identification confirmed” and started to make a weird succession of noises and motions. The eyes lit up and every part pulsed. All noises suddenly ceased, so I peered in close to see what could have happened. Hagane then turned to me so abruptly that I fell over in surprise.

“Well, aren’t you particularly clumsy?” said Hagane.

I pointed at myself and asked, “did you just talk… to me?”

“Yes, who else would I be talking to?” said Hagane sarcastically.

“Speaking of which, what is your name?” Hagane continued.

Still, quite baffled, I answered, “Tsunagaru, Tsunagaru Masaki.”, as Hagane began to inspect me.

My mind was blown! I couldn’t even believe what had just happened before my very eyes. I had just brought metal to life! As she paced me, I noticed the metal moving as if it were skin. It had when I was assembling it. More intrigued than terrified, I began to ask Hagane a barrage of questions like, “What is a computer? What was the technology like? How did the world get to be this way?” I had more questions than I could possibly hope to ask in one breath. When I had finally finished Hagane simply stated, “What?”

“What are you talking about?” Hagane asked as she peered passed me.

Having caught a glimpse of the initial entryway she began walking outside. Upon reaching the doorway, I felt a sense of surprise and sadness take over Hagane. I walked up to her and stated that this is the way that the world has been for as long as we can remember. I told Hagane about the world, as we know it today. I told her everything from our accepted history to the legends and myths of the past, which she took in with a somber expression.

“Well, I was curious as to why I had this form, but now I see”, she said calmly with a sigh.

“The world wasn’t always like this. Based on what you have told me I have been out for over 200 years”

“My memory seems to have stopped updating at the year 2020, so I’m guessing that’s when the information centers went down. I’m not sure about the last 180 years, but there is a reason that the two factions are fighting. It dates back to a feud from the year 2012, after which, a war broke out amongst the leading nations, which apparently lead to the destruction of the civilized world.” Hagane explained.

We decided to leave the building, and explore the area for the sake of Hagane’s curiosity. While exploring we shared stories of our times in the world. I told her of the different kinds of people and customs and she gave me a similar story of her time. It was actually quite interesting the way the world used to work before war broke out. Apparently, the world was a better place back then. On the other hand, the technology made life too easy for humans. I think they depended on it too much. They used robots for working farms, assembly lines, daycare, even going to work for them. The government saw this and that was probably why they went to war.

“Actually, yes; the nations had met that day to discuss that matter of over dependence on technology” she stated as the sun went under the horizon

“It was a heated debate, but unfortunately, it was not without bias,” she continued

“the meeting was held both virtually and in reality. There were some who were there via Digital Avatar and others who were actually there.”

“This led to accusations of one’s seriousness in the debate and it all went downhill from there.” Hagane finished.

As she finished I saw something dart across the rubble from the side. I turned towards it and pointed my new flashlight in the direction of the motion only to find nothing. Typical. Somewhat spooked I picked up the pace back home with Hagane in tow.