There is no politician that is coming to your home with the perfect for you job under their arm.  Making you weak and dependent on government is not caring for you. 

The reality is that liberals have been tearing at your heart and soul for the majority of your life trying to convince you that government should be your second chance.  With their art they get you to develop a bad attitude about life.  This bad attitude makes you drop out of school, make children you cannot afford, join violent gangs, abuse alcohol and drugs, and spiral down to an existence of emotional turmoil and mental health hardship.  They do this with their art ridiculing the foundations of society such as family, personal responsibility, education, and hard work.

We too are willing victims as long as we can be passive and emotionally blackmail people into taking care of us.  However, when we get to a certain age we realize we squandered our potential and denied ourselves our romantic ideal.

If Obama cared he would realize the basic human function that gives joy and happiness from planning a dream and working to accomplish that dream.  Obama only cares about feeding his narcissistic need to feed his own ego.

I believe it is appropriate after three and half years to evaluate the lack of progress of Obama.  Jan 21 2009 the unemployment rate was 6 percent.  It rose to 11 percent.  It is now reported at 8.3 percent.  The only reason the unemployment rate has gone down is because people have given up on looking for work. 

In addition, Mr. Obama has stopped economic growth with his bad attitude towards the successful, his enormous spending, and his desire to raise taxes.  Who wants to be successful when Obama wants to take the away the rewards of personal success?

I have said that one function of government is to administrate the departments of that government.  Mr. Obama as chief executive officer of the American government has had “fast and furious”, “GAS splurging at Vegas, “Secret Service in Columbia”, “Department of Energy harassing American energy producers”, and many more scandals related to the departments he, Mr. Obama, is supposed to be administrating.  Part of administration involves auditing for waste, fraud, and mismanagement.

Therefore, Mr. Obama has done everything wrong and it is costing the average American citizen.  A person who cares makes better choices.  These choices actually help people help themselves.

However, all we see from Obama is mismanagement, fraud, and waste.  In addition, we see hatred and rancor from Obama towards anyone who disagrees with him.

Mr. Obama did the economy improve under your leadership? The answer is no.  Therefore, you have not helped anyone.

The bigger question is “why are we being petty”.  America needs mature and personally responsible people, who are self-reliant.  People may tell me that I only say that because I do not understand how hard it is to find a job.  I look at CareerBuilder and Monster.com almost every morning.  Just because you do not want the job does not mean there are no jobs.

We need to care about ourselves.  We need to be the solution to our challenges.  Everyone blames politicians.  Who lets politicians do what they did while in office.  I believe that would be the apathetic, disinterested, and uninvolved citizen.

Now, I have a small fear that the independent voters’ narcissistic need to win will lead to another four years of Obama.  However, you do not attack business people and the Christian church and then expect to win the presidency.

I am not going to say I understand how independent voters actually believe that Obama is a better choice for America. The following is what Obama with his own words and actions has proven:

1.      Obama is not a leader in foreign relations.

2.      Obama hates anyone who disagrees with him.

3.      Obama uses bureaucracies to punish his political enemies.

4.      Obama hates personal success.

5.      Obama does not want anyone but liberals to have wealth.

6.      Obama cannot keep his promises.

7.      Obama likes to spend other people’s money.

8.      Obama stops economic growth with negative criticism of business leaders, high spending, over regulation, and high taxes.

Since the 1970’s many nations around the world, such as Uganda and Kenya, have become heavily indebted. During the 70’s, countries such as Uganda took out large loans from western countries. This was done as exports from these countries had a large value and the country thought it could pay the loan back through the selling of exports. But this was not the case. In the 1980’s interest rates almost doubled making loan repayments much more expensive. Coupled with a fall in the price of the exports, this left the nations with debts that could never be paid back.

At this point the International Monetary Fund stepped in to try and secure debt repayments to whoever was owed money. This was done in the form of structural adjustment packages or SAP’s. These compulsory regulations were a huge cause in creating a wider development gap. SAP’s forced heavily indebted nations such as Uganda, Ethiopia and Ghana, to cut spending on infrastructure, healthcare and education and instead spend the money on debt repayments. This had many negative consequences for the people of those countries, creating an ever growing development gap.

SAP’s in Uganda forced huge cuts to government funding of healthcare. This meant healthcare became private only and so people had to pay to have it. This has led to an increased spread of life threatening diseases such as cholera and Malaria. Consequently the infant mortality rate has increased. This has pushed up both the birth and death rate and caused the life expectancy of the country to fall to just 53 years old.

Another public spending cut imposed through SAP’s in Uganda is on Education. Before SAP’s were imposed Uganda had enough capital to afford to give everyone free primary education. This started to develop highly skilled workforce. However after the SAP’s were imposed, free primary education was stopped. This led to an uneducated population, unable to hold down high skilled jobs. This led to economic development stalling.

The work of the IMF has undoubtedly increased the global development gap. It is responsible for what can be only be a negative multiplier effect stemming from structural adjustment packages. This can be seen as a form of neo-colonialism as the IMF technically has complete control of government spending, debt repayments etc. This can’t be good for the country. However debt is not the only factor leading to a larger global development gap.

A non debt related factor is the presence of corrupt leaders in power. For 50 years countries such as Somalia in Africa have had dictators in power. Dictators such as Siad Barre in Somalia place huge taxes on the people, force farmers to give all their food to the state and leave the people to live on minimal government handouts. On top of this any aid packages given by the UN or similar corporations never make it to the people that need it. Instead, the aid is stolen and taken away to be stockpiled. This has made the development gap for the involved countries much larger.

Furthermore, people such as Joseph Kony, leader of a guerrilla group in Uganda, can be seen to increase the development gap further. Kony, among other things,  is accused of stealing over 60000 children to fight in his army, and displacing over 2 million people from Uganda. This has had a profound effect on the population demographics of the country and has caused people to become homeless and jobless which consequently increases the development gap.

The issue of free trade rules can also be seen to cause a development gap. The EU gives subsidies to farmers who produce food for the country. This means food can be sold much cheaper in those countries. This affects less developed countries such as Ghana an Kenya as well. Through free trade, surpluses can be sold in those countries for much less than the standard price for that country. This floods the market and undercuts the local farmers in that country. This can leave farmers jobless, which will over time, increase the development gap

A final point that can lead to a development gap is issues over food security. In places such as Kalahandi region, India, food security issues have led to a huge development gap. This region of India is naturally infertile, however the issue is not over how much food they can produce, it is over actually being able to buy it. This is because of absentee landlords who do not live on the land, however still pay people to work it. The food produced however, is not sold and so the people go hungry. This is known as the Kalahandi syndrome and is a common problem all over the world.

This has led to a large scale hunger and famine problem in Kalahandi. People have been forced to live on the bark from trees just to survive. The life expectancy of the region has dropped considerably purely because the people can’t afford to buy any food. It has led to people having to sell their non vital body parts such as a kidney just to survive. It is a cruel existence that many would consider not worth living. As such suicide rates in the region are very high. All these factors combined have caused a development gap.

So in conclusion, it is evident that debt plays a huge role in creating a global development gap. The IMF can be held partly responsible for this with the imposed structural adjustment packages, trapping the affected countries trapped in debt. However there are also other factors that can make the situation worse. Dictator leaders, and free trade rules can cause a development gap that is not debt related. However regardless of the cause of the gap, something must be done. This could be in the form of debt relief, or the removal of a dictator leader. This help can allow the country to start developing again and start to sort out many of the currently crippling problems it faces.

Inflation

What I feel is that present depreciation of rupee could be due to Euro-zone effects, which would last for some more time as long as Europe does not come out of the grip of its present economic crisis. Reserve bank can hold the situation up to a certain extent and after that; it may only boomerang on itself.

There is no doubt that problem is getting worse as inflation is rising by the hour but the main reasons reason behind are our bad policies, careless bureaucracy and worst politicians. They are selling out our country for their self-interests and making bad policies for the sake of creating their own vote-banks.

The politicians are doing all out efforts to suppress whatever efforts social workers are trying to bring back system on the track. The present lot of politicians are least bothered about people of this country but looking for their own selfish designs. They are leaving no opportunity to make money from whatever transactions they are doing.

Then there is matter of higher import taxes, and there is one more point worth mentioning here that higher import tax only helps small industry in our country because most of the industry here use homemade raw material. Higher import tax affects either bigger industry or the ones who are importing in bulk for retarding in India.

For the time being, we have one big problem on our hands and that is mainly to keep oil prices under check. Oil price is the only weak link that can influence the economy as this has an impact on every consumer item.   

I agree here on the point that this is universal crisis, which we are facing today but this was already there in US for quite some time but we had learned to encounter it. Now this Euro zone problem is some thing new for us besides our own policies are making things worst for us and our leaders and officials concerned. Although they know how to tackle these, but are too slow to do any thing in time bound manner.

G-20 Leaders – Caricatures (September 2011) (Photo credit: DonkeyHotey)

Fear is attracted by notice the new French president will be removed from the policy of austerity.
Through the campaign, Holland emphasized the need to focus more on economic growth to reduce public debt, as opposed to policy of saving, which was a major policy prescription during three years of European debt crisis.
He will reduce the age for retirement from 62 to 60 years and will “loosen” the financial noose that Angela Merkel imposed during Sarkozy. This could make France become another strog opponet to the strongest European economy, Germany and the UK , and consequently could “rip” crisis-hit European Union.

In the Greek elections, agencies reported, party that advocated keeping the country in the EU lost many their parliamentary seats.

According to CNN, after 97 % of votes were counted, New Democracy was the first, but won only 19% of votes.
PASOK party won only 13.3% of the vote.
This means that the these two partys can not form a coalition.

Radical Left Coalition (Syriza) won 16.7% votes.
The party announced it would oppose the conditions for the rescue of Greece set by the EU and the IMF. Before the election, their leader Alexis Tsipras said to that German Chancellor Angela Merkel should worry.

The Independent Party won 10.6% votes.
That party also opposed to agreement with the European Union and the IMF.

Political analysts predict that there would be a long and difficult negotiations on the establishment of a future government in Greece. If a majority coalition can not agree, the Greeks will probably return to the polls before the summer.

After elections in France and Greece, European stock exchanges recorded a sharp drop on Monday.
The euro plunged against other world currencies. This supports the fact that the investors are concerned about the future of the European Union.

The value of the common European currency fell this morning, and crude oil was down after the defeat of the ruling party in Sunday’s elections in France and Greece.

Agencies report that euro has fell to $ 1.2998 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange from the amount $ 1.3082 on Friday in New York, and Japanese currency has weakenede to 103.82 yen from 104.50 yen on Friday.
At one point, the value of the common European currency fell to the lowest level since late January -  $ 1.2954.

This morning in electronic business on the Stock Exchange in New York crude oil reduced its price to below $ 97 a barrel and in the last three working days price has reduced for up to 8%, as a consequence of the slow growth of employment in the U.S. and election results in Europe.
All that contributed to the rapid weakening of forecasts of economic growth.

Global warming is the hypothesis that Earth’s atmosphere is warming because of the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, through activities like deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels. But are the facts actually for or against global warming? Scientists can convince people otherwise that global warming is perhaps “natural” and “inevitable”, but could we humans also be the sole part of the problem? The rising worldwide issue warns the scientific community of rising dangers; technological, economic, and political issues that have to be resolved before a “concerted worldwide effort to reduce emissions” have gotten no simpler as well. 

But in reality, the truth can’t be denied. According to NASA’s Surface Temperature Analysis, the 10 hottest years recorded were within the last 12 years. National Geographic News also states that “yes, it is happening”. The global average temperatures have increased by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. As a matter of fact, today’s CO2 levels have also increased by 43% since the late 1800’s, after the Industrial Revolution. Before that time, the average concentration of carbon dioxide was 260-280 parts per million (ppm), but in 2008, levels hit a record high of 388 ppm. These CO2 are the highest they’ve been in the last half millennium. For further statistics, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise another 1.5 to 1.9 degrees Celsius. 

As it turns out, there is nothing “positive” about this dramatic worldwide warming. The effect of an increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount of pattern of precipitation, which may furthermore lead to an expansion of subtropical deserts. Other likely effects of the warming include more occurrences of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, and heavy rainfall. 

But after all, the truth can’t be denied. When you look at science, it’s clear what is happening. The problem is, we are causing the problem. Human activities are pumping increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. About 75% of all emissions are contributed to the burning of fossil fuels. These increases have altered the human atmosphere. But the important thing is, this warming is actually destroying ecosystems that humans and other species depend on. For example, in the Russian Arctic, higher temperatures are melting the permafrost causing 5 story apartment buildings to slump. Rain is also more intense, while floods and storms are more severe and rivers freeze later in the season than usual. The Arctic and the Antarctic are also warming far more quickly than scientists have expected. In large parts of Eastern Europe, Central Canada, and California, peak stream flows have advanced from spring to winter thus creating more rain than snow, resulting in floods. On the other side of the world, Lake Chad, Senegal, and large basins of Niger in Africa have decreased in water by 40-60%. This leads to a higher chance of drought and summer drying. It is also important to note that 25% of mammals and 12% of birds are closing in rapidly to extinction. 89% of these are at high risk because the food chain will change. 

Now that the world has enough evidence to take action and “save themselves”, environmental activism to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has reached a new intensity. Such incidences include the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) being demanded by the Supreme Court to regulate the release of CO2 as a part of air pollution responsibility. Many other steps are being taken, which is a good thing, but overall I think the world still needs to acknowledge the real, significant danger (if not instant, then long-term) global warming poses. 

Persuasion Speech

Introduction:

A)     Imagine a world where you are able to walk into a hospital emergency room with any type of wound, and be helped right away just by showing a medical card.  You wouldn’t have to fill out any silly forms, and you can walk out after being treated without having to pay a dollar. Well this is a reality in countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom, where they have a universal healthcare system. 

B)     I believe implementing a universal health care system will be very beneficial to this country.

C)     Universal Healthcare (single payer) is a system paid for by your tax dollars that offers all citizens healthcare and is run by the government.

D)     I will tell you the problems we have with healthcare today and how UHC will solve them.

 Transition:  There are many causes that are preventing us from reaching the UHC which will be beneficial for us, but not so much for the insurance companies, and private insurers.

Body:

A) Causes

A)  51 million U.S. citizens with no healthcare

1) 2010 had 47 million uninsured, went up 4 million in 1 year (1.7 million are veterans.)

2) Many being unemployed, and those employed have hard time paying.

3) Many of those 51 million are or just got out of debt from healthcare bills. 

B) High Premiums

            1) Premiums range from $2,000 to over $9,000 for a family.

            2) $183 dollars average for an individual.

            3) Average household income is $49,000, turning it into $40,000.

C) Organizations Pocket money

            1) The annual expenditures for the healthcare sector are 2 trillion dollars, 4 x larger then national defenses budget.

            2) Only country besides South Korea to not provide healthcare for its citizens.

            3) We’re paying taxes for Medicaid, Medicare, and government insurances without receiving any benefits ourselves. (Explain how those are for low income…)

D) Prescription Drugs

            1)  Another money pocketing medical group.

            2) Without insurance average medicine is around $100, and with insurance $1-3.

            3) The medicine companies profit 90% percent, and cancer pills around $300-600.

E) Equal treatment

            1) “At your age I don’t want to put you through this…”

            2) Discrimination against older patients of 65 + exist.

            3) Many say it’s pointless to do surgery at this age…

            4) Imagine that being said to your elder family members.

Transition: So where is all the money going, and what’s the cost we pay for these problems?  

B) Effects

A) 51 million uninsured comes with a price…

            1) An excess of 45,000 preventable deaths occur yearly.

            2) Your automatically at a higher risk of being whether it being a disease, infection, or car crash. 

B) Debts

            1) The high premiums are only causing and adding onto debts people owe.

            2) This is causing loans to be taken for medical treatment then never re-paid.

            3) 1/3 of U.S. bankruptcies are due to medical care bills.

C) Where’s the 2 trillions?

            1) Simple its being pretty much profited, as blunt as you can be.

            2) Its all being leeched on to by several private insurance companies and the government themselves.

            3) The 2 trillion used in not an issue, but the issue is its not helping anyone who needs it.

            4) One of the primary reasons of U.S. debt so high.

            5) Estimated in 2015 cost will be 4 trillion doubled and over 20% of U.S. budget.

C) Where is the equality?

            1) An example is Bob Rinehimer and Dorothy Rinehimer.

            2) Imagine this being your parent, or grandparent…

            3) How would you react, if this was said to even you, but then later end up living 4 more years.

            4) May not mean much to doctor, but a whole lot to the family, even an extra hour is worth it. 

Transition:  The solution is as simple as don’t get sick with our current national healthcare right? Well theirs an even better solution called UHC.

C) Solution

A) We can have 0 U.S. citizens uninsured.

            1) Can change the massive 51 million to a 0.

            2) UHC is affordable, and benefits all equally

            3) All you have to do is pay healthcare tax, and that’s it.

            4) No extra cost or anything a fix payment, even if medical bill is $20,000

            5) Can save those 45,000 extra deaths

B) No more premiums

            1) No more monthly payments of high premiums

            2) More money to keep, and spend

            3) Get the money back in tax returns

            4) Simple just pays the tax for healthcare, and done

C) No more pocketing organizations

            1) Potentially end the 2 trillion budgets soon to be 4 trillion

            2) Can spend the 2 trillion on schools or others, or pay off debt.

D) No more expensive medication

            1) The UHC comes with its own prescription medicine program.

            2) Everyone gets to pay same price for medicine, low rate.

E) Fair treatment

            1) UHC doctors won’t have to worry about budget

            2) Everyone will be treated equally

            3) No more I don’t want to put you through this…

Conclusion:

A)     Now that I’ve explained the problems we have with insurance and the prescription drugs and how Universal Healthcare is the only solution.

B)      I ask you to simply spread awareness of this important issue. Whether it be to talk to your parents about it or maybe even your friends.

C)      Change is needed. Just think to yourself, if most of the industrialized countries in the world have a government that cares about their citizen’s health, why shouldn’t we?

Constitutionally, the Prime Minister has the prerogative to decide about inclusion and exclusion of someone to or from the ministry. What will Dr. Manmohan Singh do? Will he give respect to Mamta’s decision or will he try to persuade her explaining the issue in a political manner? For last several years we have witnessed Coalition governments and the most important weakness of any coalition government is that the coalition partners, however small the party be, try to blackmail the main coalition partner by getting done what they want. Some times they are right but in majority of the cases, their demands are irrational and have myopic perception.

What has happened or is happening today is historic in the sense that a minister is asked to resign within a few hours of presenting his budget. It is much more critical situation than it actually appears to be and the long-time effects of it are going to be detrimental and disastrous for democracy. No one will ever doubt the honesty and devotion of Mamta Banerjee but I feel, seeing her political life in last two decades that she is not a good politician and she believes that as a coalition partner she has right to express whatever she feels in any manner. This attitude will bring her popularity down in her own state and the same public will throw her out.

Coming back to Dr. Manmohan Singh, he has two options: (1) …that he removes Mr. Trivedi from ministry as asked by Mamta banerjee and induces someone else (that too decided by mamatjee). or (2) …he puts his government in danger of becoming a minority government by not responding to the demand and inviting the threat of Trinmool withdrawing the support- and we all know that in that case the government may fall. However, I believe that time has come for Dr. Manmohan Singh that he takes a bold step to send a clear message to the nation and the smaller political parties that coalition must not be treated as a means of blackmailing and that the largest party in the coalition must also be respected. Let us hope all that happens in near future will not harm the National interest of India.

This research report is based on the hostile attitudes embedded upon Africans leading to inter-tribal conflicts that occur from time to time, for which the seeds were sown by European colonialism. Since, this is such a broad topic, the discussion will be narrowed down to one brutal and devastating conflict in modern history, which is the Rwandan genocide of 1994.

Unlike other countries, Africa is viewed as a “tribal” country. According to Mafeje (1971, pg 253), when European rulers invaded Africa, they “reconstructed the African reality”, and due to some racial norms, they regarded the Africans as tribal. When Europeans first laid the rudiments of racial discrimination into the African society, it marked the beginning of inter-tribal conflicts in Africa. Countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, and Spain infested almost all of Africa, leaving Ethiopia and Liberia independent (Africa 1999). In 1885, Germany was allotted Rwanda, following the World War 1 Belgium took over (Olojede 2004).  One of the smallest countries in Central Africa is Rwanda, which is mainly occupied by two ethnic groups known as Hutu and Tutsi, where Hutu were the majority, and Tutsi were the minority. They spoke the same language, and shared the same cultural beliefs. Their origins are traced to a common group known as the Badyarwanda, (Hutu and Tutsi 1994). The Hutu were mostly agriculturalists and the Tutsi were cattle breeders.

In the year 1994, an outrageous mass murdering took place in Rwanda, which was the outburst of suppressed feelings of hatred. The roots of the genocide lies in the winding events of the Rwandan history since the colonial era, where the formation of two groups known as the ‘Young Turk movement of the Tutsi Rwandans in exile and a clan-based Hutu oligarchy that controlled the Rwandan estate under President Juvenal Habyarimana’ (Jones 2001, pg 15) where the Hutu went to the extent of perishing hundreds and thousands of Tutsi, yet did not stop there but killed many of their own people who sympathized with the other ethnic group. A survivor of the genocide movement, Jean Baptiste Kayigamba narrated his feelings (2006) and he claimed that “we experienced haunted mornings and our fears continued throughout the days and sleepless nights”. The Hutu weeded out every Tutsi they could lay their hands on, sparing only those people who had the sense to flee the country. A Hutu wife had to kill a Tutsi husband, and vice versa, the theory behind this being “kill or be killed” (Melson 2000). A fact noticed to elaborate on the severity of abhorrence is, “[Rwanda had] a population of 7.5 million before the genocide and 6.5 million after it”, (Taylor 1999).

Since Rwanda got their independence from Belgium in 1962, the Hutu majority seized power from the minority group and oppressed them through violent conducts of discrimination. To quote Smith (1998, pg 743), “…Tutsi and Hutu kill each other when they can; their hatred is ancient, violent, equivalent, and incorrigible. And this notion in turn, implies a kind of collective guilt, a tear in the fabric of Rwandan character”. Many Tutsi could not tolerate such acts and fled the country before they became victims of callous treatment.  As mentioned by Lang (2002) the actual conflict started when an airplane carrying the Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana, the president of Burundi, ‘and many of their top-advisors [who were] shot down by a surface-to-air missile over Kigali Airport’, although the culprit of this incident remains a mystery, but the Rwandan Patriotic Front which were led by Tutsi became the scapegoat for this bombing. This bombing initiated the Rwandan genocide, in which many puissant nations could not voice their opinion upon. Once the peacekeeping nations’ soldiers were tortured and murdered, they began to retreat their personnel from the places, but did not make any effort to evacuate the Tutsi, abandoning them to a cruel destiny.

The above mentioned tragic incident was the result of the maturation of the seeds sown by European Colonial rule. It is only an example of one incident, but Europeans have contributed for many other devastating inter-tribal conflicts in Africa. For example, the Cold War of Africa in July 1960, where the Premium Patrice Lumumba of the Congo (Africa 1999) claimed that the “Belgians were aiding the rebel [of] Katangans” – who are the natives of the mineral-rich province of Zaire.

The Europeans believed that it is a moral responsibility to establish colonies in that continent, and to promote the benefits of their culture to their “inferior brothers”. They failed to understand that they were supposed to help the people with practical benefits such as providing sufficient food, clothing, and shelter, and not impose their beliefs upon the natives. As Taylor (1999) aptly justified that “anthropological approaches to nationalism, ethnicity, and violence are all important in understanding the Rwandan genocide 1994. Yet these aspects clamour so much for attention that they obscure other dimensions such as regionalism, class, and gender”.

Such interventions from the Europeans disturbed the natural lifestyle of the natives. The Germans marched into Rwanda and started their domination disregarding the aborigines’ baffled frame of mind. “In 1885, the Berlin Conference had “awarded” Rwanda to Germany without consulting or even informing the Rwandans; In 1918 Rwanda and its neighbor Burundi were awarded to Belgium as a mandate under the League of Nations and later the United Nations” (Robinson 2003) and divided the peaceful, united community into three castes: Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa (who make up one percent of the population). The Hutu were the original Rwandans, the Tutsi formed a new kingdom as “mobility and migration were permanent features, as old as settlement itself”, (Scherrer 2002, pg17). The reason for this division is the fact that the Belgians considered that though both groups were African, the Tutsi bore a greater resemblance of the Europeans because at that time they defined “Tutsi as anyone with more than ten cows, or a long nose, while a Hutu meant someone with fewer than ten cows and a blunt nose”, (Wikipedia n.d) and the facial features were considered more European than African, “in fact they couldn’t believe that the Tutsi were part of the African race at all”, (Wikipedia n.d). The Europeans were also in short of human resource to manage their colonies in Africa, (Melson 2000) and since, the Tutsi were immigrants, the Europeans assumed that their outlooks would coincide, hence it was decided that Tutsi should take control since they were the minority, being easier to manage they should possess the superior authority. Unfortunately for the Belgians, their expectations backfired. The Tutsi were dissatisfied with their position because ultimately Belgians had the overall control of the woebegone country, and so in the mid 1900s, “movements of national liberation from colonialism took hold in Africa as they had elsewhere, the Tutsi began to agitate against Belgian authority”, (Robinson 2003). The Hutu were seething as they were ruled by a minor ethnic group, so in order to retain position, the Europeans started supporting towards the Hutu and provoked them to abduct the power from the latter group. This provocation intensified and led to the Rwandan genocide.

Racial distinctions were common in Europe in the 19th century, and they enforced their laws over the countries they colonized. Clearly, they were not aware of the repercussions of their imposed laws and beliefs upon an entirely different community, as such detrimental effects would not have occurred, which complicates the lives of the natives and producing an image of superior and inferior class between people condemning them to a nemesis of living death.

[References]

Africa 1999, CD-ROM, IBM’s World Book Deluxe, Armonk, New York.

‘Hutu and Tutsi’ 1994, The Christian Century, June 15, pg 600. 

Jones, B 2001, Peacemaking in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure, Lynne Rienner, Colorado.

Kayigamba, J 2006, Haunted Mornings, Sleepless Nights: Jean Baptiste Kayigamba describes how he survived genocide in Rwanda. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JQP/is_390/ai_n16619222

Lang, A 2002, ‘Global Governance and Genocide in Rwanda’, Ethics and International Affairs, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 143+. 

Mafeje, A 1971, ‘The Ideology of Tribalism’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp 253-261.

Melson, R 2000, Institute for the Study of Genocide; International Association of Genocide Scholars, Retrieved from http://www.isg-iags.org/oldsite/newsletters/25/melson-html

Olojede, D 2004, History of Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/ny-rwanda-

Robinson, L 2003, The Tragedy of Rwanda – When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda – A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide – Book Review. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_7_55/ai_111503535

Scherrer, P 2002, Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War, Praeger, Connecticut.

Smith, D 1998, ‘The Psychocultural Roots of Genocide: Legitimacy and Crisis in Rwanda’, American Psychologist, vol. 53, no. 7, pg 743.

Taylor, C 1999, Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994, Berg Publishing, New York.

Wikipedia n.d., Tutsi. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutsi

Today worldwide we are experiencing a global financial crisis. This crisis came about as a result of some of the peripheral nations in the EU becoming over indebted and unable to pay their debts. Greece is the worst affect and other than Greece, Spain and Italy are also at risk. A large worry is Italy’s huge amount of debt, though because their solvency ratio is still bad, it is still better than Greece. The question is “How did this happen?” The main cause of the crisis was that after the creation of the EU, economic institutions such as a central treasury were not put in place, so in affect while all countries shared the same currency, government spending was still decentralized to national level.

We recently heard from the Prime Minister of Greece, that a Greece default is now becoming quite a likely situation. The problem is all the debt that has built up is money that comes from other countries pension funds. What I mean by this is; you who have been working for many years now have saved up a large pension fund for when you retire. The government comes and takes about two thirds of that fund and includes it in what they lend to a country like Greece. Now Greece can’t pay back the debt and you just lost two thirds of your pension fund without any real say in it. So if the crisis is not resolved their will be a major recession across the whole world and a major destruction of capital and savings in Europe and the rest of the world. This recession could possibly be as bad as the Great Depression.

In such a scenario South Africa’s economy will be very badly affected. SA is a major exporter of resources such as gold. Because of the loss of money in other countries there will be a major decrease of demand for resources. There will be a major loss of jobs in mining and resources area – and seeing as the mining area is a huge employment area – unemployment will shoot up. Seeing as we already have high unemployment the stability of our society can be severely affected.

Looking at the existing pool of global capital and savings run by fund managers and investors that largely come from developed nations, when a crisis like this take place the fund managers take fright and they typically attempt to shift their money into assets, as it is less risky. The conventional wisdom is that emerging market’s currency and assets are more risky, so people shift their capital away from these. SA is one such emerging market and when there is a capital flight from SA the exchange rate of SA will weaken. In fact the Rand has already weakened from R6 to R8 to the dollar. The rand weakening will cause an increase in inflation and as pointed out earlier there will also be an increase in unemployment – i.e. stagflation.

But what can be done? Well the most important point to note here is that it is not a problem that originated in SA – so we can’t do much. In the EU it’s different. The EU must create the central treasury which they should have created when they first shared the same currency. The idea here is that they join in fiscal union. The reason why they don’t want to do this is because seeing as the German and French would have the most money in this union, the German and French would have the most power. And the people in Greece, Italy or Spain do not want to be told by a German or a Frenchman what they must do in their own country. And now it’s no longer an issue of economics but politics. In my opinion, beggars can’t be choosers, so Greece, Spain and Italy need to get over themselves and deal with it.

I can immediately help you get out of trouble through dream translation. You only have to submit one of your dreams for a professional dream translation in order to receive immediate support and safe guidance.

Carl Jung was a genius not properly recognized by our hypocritical and superficial word. My work proves that he discovered the only right way to translate the symbolic meaning of the dream images, so that we may understand the unconscious guidance.

He discovered the right method of dream interpretation but he shouldn’t believe that the divine unconscious mind was merely ‘a good counselor’ for our conscience. We are too ignorant and we make too many mistakes in life. How can we know what to do when we are facing difficult life situations?

We should ask the divine unconscious mind what to do. We will have the answer we need in our own dreams. The unconscious mind always helps us solve unexpected problems and find salvation.

I’ve cured numerous people from various mental illnesses through dream therapy. However, the real doctor is not me, but the unconscious mind that produces our dreams. When you trust the scientific method of dream interpretation you learn the divine unconscious guidance in your dreams.

I’m a professional dream translator who respects the meaning of the dream language and accurately translates the dream messages. Thus, you learn God’s guidance in your own dreams. This is a big privilege.

You are very lucky because Carl Jung discovered the real meaning of the dream language after very arduous research, and also very lucky because I’m proving this truth to the world. Otherwise his discoveries would remain under-evaluated, instead of saving humanity from despair.

You are even luckier because I simplified Jung’s complicated method of dream interpretation, clarifying all the obscure and vague points in his work. Without my clarifications only intellectuals could follow his method, which was also incomplete. I had to complete the end, and show you the entire truth.

My mission was very difficult. Besides having to fight craziness and win this battle, I had to bear many humiliations in order to prove to the world everything I had discovered.

I was only trying to find psychotherapy because I understood that I was neurotic when I was 23-years-old (in 1984). I studied Carl Jung’s method of dream interpretation and numerous other scientific works in order to understand everything. Then, I discovered that God had prepared me to continue Jung’s work and become a psychiatrist and psychologist.

Nobody could accept and recognize the fact that I became a very serious doctor. However, I had to become a doctor in order to help the unconscious mind cure others.

I had no intention to cure others, but I learned that this was my moral obligation because I was saved from schizophrenia through dream translation without deserving to be cured.

I had no intention to prove God’s existence. As a matter of fact, I hated the obligation to prove to our atheistic world that God exists and sends us important messages in dreams.

I was a literature writer and I had a great talent. I didn’t want to become a doctor. I didn’t want to face the attacks of the world against me because I was a psychiatrist without an academic degree, since I had studied what the unconscious mind was teaching me.

However, the divine unconscious mind showed me that I simply had to bear all the attacks, and face all humiliations with courage. This was my moral obligation because I had to prove to the world the truths I had discovered.  

God gave me all this knowledge not only because He wanted to save me from schizophrenia, but because he needed my help. I had the obligation to obey the divine unconscious guidance and face all humiliations without complaining. My obedience would also work like psychotherapy for me.

I deserved to be humiliated because I had humiliated many people in my life. I had the personality of a dictator. I was too proud of my intelligence, too demanding, and too impatient. I would surely become a terrible creature like my father without psychotherapy.

So, I courageously faced all humiliations. I even used my sense of humor and everything I could think of in order to bear facing so many humiliations during so many years. I had the spirit of a hero. I knew that everything I learned for obeying the unconscious guidance had a tremendous value and I had to always be very obedient.

I learned how to feel sorry for those who humiliated me because my studies were not based on the limited knowledge of our historical time. I learned how to be humble and accept seeing myself in an inferior position.

This was very hard in the beginning. I wanted to kill my enemies. However, I learned how to forgive my enemies and show them compassion, instead of feeling angry with their attacks.

I’m sure that your problem is not as serious as the problem I had when I learned that I had to fight schizophrenia by learning how to attain sanctity. Your problem can be only as serious as my problem was.

Schizophrenia is pure hell. If you have to face this battle, you are in a situation as terrible as the situation I was in when I was a young mother.

If your case is like mine, don’t lose hope. The unconscious mind will surely help you get out of trouble and solve your problems, no matter how serious they are.

If you are merely facing a separation, a financial crisis, or something not as difficult as a mental illness, you will find relief faster than those who have to deal with psychological issues.

I can translate your dreams for you now that you are in this difficult situation, and help you really understand what to do in order to successfully solve each problem until you’ll manage to feel safe. Later you can study the meaning of the dream language with my work and translate your dreams without my help.

Christina Sponias continued Carl Jung’s research into the human psyche, discovering the cure for all mental illnesses, and simplifying the scientific method of dream interpretation that teaches you how to accurately translate the meaning of your dreams, so that you can find health, wisdom and happiness.

Learn more at:

http://www.scientificdreaminterpretation.com

http://www.booksirecommend.com