Lily uses repetition to get her point across. In paragraph two, Lily repeats the phrase ‘I know for a fact’ five times. This shows that she knows what she is talking about. She knows what teachers do behind the scenes and that is definitely not just to teach a class for a period or two each day. No, they also help their students in areas they are unsure of and they must also work overtime to prepare the materials for the next day.

Lily uses anecdotes in this letter. She talks about how all her teachers are willing to help her out and her close relationship with her teachers. The student-teacher relationships are so close that they can be called friends. Through her own personal stories, Lily was able to show the readers how important teachers are to their students.

In the last paragraph, Lily indirectly blames the officials who decide teachers’ wages. She doesn’t blame the teachers who aren’t teaching their classes and are on strike. She agrees with the teachers in that they should receive higher pay for what their hard work.

Overall, I think Lily’s letter to The Age is very persuasive and can sway readers into supports for teachers.

Many factors why English is so difficult for us..

But I write here, not focusing why English is so difficult for us, but i encourage some of us, include my self for always and always learning English in every time and every chance we got for it..

Many ways and efforts for improving our English and make it more better…

Here are the ways for it..

1. Always remember that practise make our English is better..So use every chance for speaking, writing, reading many English articles and word if we had chance for it..

2. Don’t be shy for speaking English maybe..Don’t get down if many people always laugh at your poor English..Remember that it takes a time for making your English is good..

3. Always learn and learn..now in Internet you can find many website for teaching your English..Like Triond maybe and so on..

Keep reading and learning..

On “August 6, 1945 up to 140,000” people died due to the bombing at Hiroshima, Japan (Oe 288).  Many call this act a smart reasonable attack, but many call this act a horrible unfair attack.  So many innocent lives were killed that day, and even more lives were changed for the rest of their lives. Considering both Oe, well known Japanese writer, and Mo Tzu, Chinese philosopher, they would agree this was an unrighteous act, but Oe has an exception of overcoming it will goodness.

            How can one person tell when something they do is righteous or unrighteous?  Consider this, do to others like you would like do unto yourself.  Or as Mo Tzu describes an unrighteous act is by causing harm to others to give you gain (254).  Wouldn’t everyone’s life be so much more enjoyable and happier if everyone went by those two simple rules?  Suicide, crime, and divorce rates would all decrease in how common they are today.  Along with that the economy, test scores, and charity would all have an increase in society.

            Seeing what unrighteous acts are, is there any time when an unrighteous act becomes a righteous act?  If you kill a man it’s unrighteous act, but what if you kill a man during time of war?  After the bombing in Hiroshima no one was calling the attack a righteous choice, or even a well-deserved attack.  Quite the opposite actually, the attack at Hiroshima “embodied the absolute evil of war” is what Oe wrote in The Unsurrendered People (289).  This is one of the few times people have called an act of war unrighteous and called the act as it is, evil.  Usually when these acts of killing happens during times of war people are applauded and called heroes (Tzu 254).  Why does society denounce people for evil acts on a regular day, but when these exact acts are performed during war they become honored actions?  Forget both the contexts of these actions and they are precisely the same.  These are the exact words Tzu said, “And yet when it comes to the even greater unrighteousness of offensive warfare against other states, they do not know enough to condemn it.  On the contrary, they praise it and call it righteous” (254).  This just shows how people of the world are blinded between what is right and what is wrong.  It’s like if a man tastes a small amount of bitterness he calls it bitter, but if the man tastes a lot of bitterness he calls it sweet (Tzu 254).   

            Although the bombing at Hiroshima was a horrible day it wasn’t all bad.  In order to recover from this great evil, great good would have to counter-balance society (Oe 289).  The bombing caused death, destruction, and misery but the first thing the people did were come together as one.  They started rebuilding.  They started caring about others and how they as one can help everyone recover from this evil act of war.  Even though the city was completely destroyed they did not try to tell the U.S. how wrong their actions were (Oe 290).  Evil occurred, but good overcame the evil. 

            Often people of the world get tangled in “the distinction between righteousness and unrighteousness” (Tzu 255).  But in the end, when evil happens good will overcome it (Oe 289).  Everyone must think about their actions and if they hurt other people, but not everyone can follow those simple rules.  That’s when we need to do what’s right and overcome it instead of trying to get back at them.  Without a doubt, Mo Tzu would love the golden rule.          

Pulpak means “full pack”.

Taplud means “top load”.

Daspan is a “dust pan”.

Bakku is a “back hoe”

Bulduser is a “bulldozer”.

Gaddimit is a “swear expression”.

(There is this swear word I couldn’t include in the list because Kankanaeys pronounce it correctly even as a loan word.)

I’m still unsure, however, if Lukdet came from the words “Look! Death!” so I keep it as a theory. Perhaps, our Kankanaey ancestors heard it from the G.I. Joes?

While taking a crap, a redneck Texan soldier saw the Kankanaeys beheading a Catholic friar. He screamed “Look! Death!”

The Kankanaey saw that the Texan GI Joe was fashionable (with his leather jacket, rugged jeans, and boots). They scared the shit out of the Texan GI Joe, so this fashionable soldier taking a crap yodeled and sang his favorite country song. And so, the more the Kankanaey ancestors loved this White man defecating.

And the Kankanaeys embraced the Americans since then. Until now, you won’t hear a Kankanaey interviewed on TV answering in other languages but English. The most likely fans of Carrie Underwood and Scotty McCreery in the Philippines speak Kankanaey. 

Whenever I visit my hometown, Mountain Province, I still pronounce the words pulpak, taplud, daspan, bakku, bulduser, and gaddimit (and lukdet) the Kankanaey way. I also pronounce them the Kankanaey way whenever I speak to a kailyan (hometownmate). Otherwise, they will say, “Inayan nas Igorot!” 

Communication needs to be an expression uttered by the tongue, something that is a language spoken by the tongue.

Formal language can be learned through training, courses, or school, and can be studied manually by yourself.

Language can be understood by using a dictionary, using the interpreter, or use a special translator.

Such, English is the common language, a language of instruction in the international world, and became the language of business.

English became the language of everyday life, and being in the habit of saying it, a habit of using words, although not used optimally.

This means that the language is very easy to understand, according to environmental conditions, because the environment greatly affect the use of language.

If you are in Thailand, or are in china, or are in German, or in malasia, language affects one’s personal psychology.

However, it can be understood in a textual language, language can be understood through symbols, which is important is the “heart language”.

Language of the heart, can not be fooled, do not be fooled, because the language of the heart is the language that was born through the expression of the soul.

Language of the heart, not always expressed, could form the heart language of the soul cues, body cues, cue the eye, or face gaze cue. “Understanding the language of the heart, will give a very deep understanding”.

The first documented marijuana use was in China in the year 2737 BC.  It was used as a medical treatment.  Shen Nung claimed that marijuana was great for gout, malaria, and believe it or not absent mindedness.  The use of marijuana spread quickly into India then to North Africa and by the year 500 AD it was in Europe.  It’s believed that the first fabrics were made of hemp.

By the 1200’s marijuana use had spread greatly.  Its use was documented in the Middle East.  It was popular among the Arab Muslims.  The Muslims were forbidden to drink alcohol so many of them smoked cannabis. 

Pot was first introduced to America in 1545 by the Spanish, when they came to the new world.  In 1611 the English brought marijuana to Jamestown.  It quickly became a popular commercial crop as well as tobacco.  They discovered that it was a great source of fiber.  In the year 1876 the sultan of Turkey gave marijuana to the US as a gift.

The first person to push for marijuana to become illegal was Harry Anslinger.  He claimed that reefer made white women seek sexual relations with negros and claimed that marijuana was the most violence causing drug in the history of the United States.  Marijuana became illegal in the US in 1937 when the marijuana tax law went into effect.  The first conviction for selling marijuana was received by 58 year old Samuel R Caldwell.  He was charged on October 2, 1937, the day the marijuana tax act went into effect.  He was fined and sentenced to 4 years.  He then died the year after his release.

Well, I must admit I am neither a native speaker nor I ever been to any other countries that spoke English widely. I’m also a learner, a continuous learner and sometime I feel like I still need to further my studies. I know I haven’t master the language yet but it’s never too late.

Surrounded with native children, my Iban pupils see this language as a very foreign alien. Since living among them for almost four years, I have develop some understanding and  pick the language although not to the level where I can speak fluently but at least I can make myself understandable especially for the early learner who just entered school for the first time.

Through my observation I can state a few facts that can describe my pupils:

1. English is hard to learn and not interesting.

2. They love their native language too much (they speak in their mother tongue in all their classes including English time).

3. There is no purpose for them to learn English because they are living among their own race.

4. English language is just a subject with no importance.

I can’t blame them completely in this matter but I can’t help myself from questioning myself “Where did I do wrong?” Was I too strict with them or did not give them enough attention that will help build their interest? I can answer these questions yet.

Currently I’m trying a new strategy and hope this time it will work. 

Thanks for reading.

Nick Polk

English 1102

Professor Rogers

23 April 2011

Do the Affects of Revenge Ever End?

            Revenge always leads to tragedy, no matter if the revenge is morally right or wrong. Revenge is an evil that can slowly build up and possess someone to do things him /her normally wouldn’t. Hamlet serves as a great testament to these things. In Hamlet’s culture he was morally right in seeking revenge on Claudius for killing his father, but did this revenge end up going the way Hamlet originally planned and how did the buildup of this evil affect Hamlet throughout the play?

            Hamlet’s culture is responsible for the way Hamlet seeks revenge in the play: “Hamlet is the product of a culture that knew a truth beyond all the confusions and diversities of life. It is certainly logical to look at him in terms of that truth. If it be insisted that we today are too far away from it, then we must be too far away from Hamlet as well, who would survive as a relic of the past and of nothing else” (Davis 3). In other words, Davis believes that Hamlet showed truth in his madness and our generation today would not go to the extent of which Hamlet did to avenge his family, as so this makes our generation today “untruthful” in a sense. If revenge is looked at today it can be seen that it is a waste of time and always ends up wrong, but in Hamlet’s time it was a duty to avenge family. The ghost or Hamlet’s father in the play wants to be avenged and how can a son deny his father something so honorable: “So art thou to revenge, when thou shall hear” (line 8). Once the Ghost tells Hamlet that his father was murdered by Claudius, the fire is lit and Hamlet is set on revenge.

            Hamlet’s determination possesses him and makes him perform duties of which he doesn’t want to perform: “My purpose in bringing all this in is to demonstrate the attitude of Hamlet toward a duty which he does not want to perform, but which honor, circumstances, and chance all require that he perform whether he like it or not” (Davis 43). Hamlet’s emotions come out and you start to see the revenge taking control: “By asking why Hamlet is aroused to react in turn with fear, desire, contempt, and disgust—not only towards Gertrude, but also towards Ophelia and the Ghost—I hope to show that Hamlet’s “problems” lie in his epistemological dilemma spurred by the material manifestations of “the inexpressibly horrible” (Kumamato 48). In the play Hamlet’s mentality has been changed in order for him to carry out these acts. He has turned ruthless and full of anger and expresses it as such by telling Ophelia: “get thee to a nunnery” (3.1 118). In other word’s Hamlet is calling Ophelia a whore and directly shows his determination in seeking revenge.

            Hamlet seems to grow with evil throughout the play and most critics wonder if it has anything to do with the Ghost’s command over him: “Elizabethan ghosts, we are told, could be good or evil / The moral ambivalence of the Ghost’s command is made quite explicit it admits that murder, which is what it seeks, is even in, the best, most foul, Furthermore, the motives for the revenge it seeks are largely private there are many lines of heartfelt anguish at the adulterous relationship between Gertrude and Claudius” (Hughes 395). The Ghost seems to make Hamlet believe that murder will solve everything and that he must kill Claudius to avenge his father, but what if the Ghost is actually the Devil trying to manipulate Hamlet? This would explain a lot of things because someone’s father would not push revenge so hard even back in Hamlet’s era.

            Hamlet was so overwhelmed with revenge that his safe plan of killing Claudius spins out of control. At first Hamlet was like okay, I’m not going to let this get out of control, I’m going to make the killing clean and prove Claudius’s guilt first, but it didn’t turn out the way he planned. Hamlet proves Claudius’s guilt and spots him kneeling and praying while on the way to his mother’s chambers, Hamlet contemplates how easy it would be to just plunge a sword into his back and let things be over with, but Hamlet feels that this would be a benefit instead of revenge as Claudius would go to heaven: “Now might I do it pat, now is a-praying / And now I’ll do’t – and so goes to heaven” (3.3 72-73). Instead of killing Claudius and being through with the murder, Hamlet decides to wait. Hamlet must give Claudius more of a death than the crime Claudius committed: “The revenge killing requires craft because it must equal the outrage of the original crime and satisfy the revenger’s intense feelings” (Brucher 257). Hamlet’s madness wants him to be satisfied in killing Claudius and leave him with a sense that payback has been served. Once Hamlet arrives in his mother’s chambers he hears Polonius cry out from the drapes and mistakes him for Claudius and kills him. This just goes to show that revenge never ends because if Hamlet would have just killed Claudius in the alley then more people would not have to die.

            Claudius is now trying to get rid of Hamlet and plans to kill him in a “friendly” sword fight, but Claudius has a few tricks up his sleeve. Claudius has poisoned the tip of Laertes’ blade and poisoned a drink that he will offer to Hamlet. Hamlet refused the drink and Gertrude unknowingly drinks it, which results in killing her. Hamlet then kills Claudius and Laertes. Hamlet is now left alone and drinks the poison and also dies. This goes to show that revenge always leads in tragedy. Hamlet got corrupted with vengeance which led to the ultimate never ending ride of tragedy: “It is a play about vengeance and how avengers lose their souls, sin, and corrupt in turn” (Lidz 33).

            In conclusion, revenge always ends up spiraling out of control and into tragedy. It will start off with a nice plan of action, but will always end up going wrong. Hamlet started off with a plan of action, but his vengeance led him into getting more innocent people killed, including his mother. Revenge never has a designated area to stop and when it does stop the damage has already been done. Revenge always leads into corruption and greed: “Any satisfaction a man may derive from punishing his enemy is more than outweighed by the utter misery he brings on himself” (Prosser 11). Hamlet’s madness ultimately leads him to destroy himself and others; twice the damage was dealt than originally because Hamlet acted with such vengeance and anger. Hamlet finally admits his madness in the end with an apology to Laertes: “Give me your pardon, sir / I have done you wrong, but pardon’t as you are a gentleman / This presence knows and you must needs have heard / How I am punished with a sore distraction / What I have done / That might your nature, honor and exception, roughly awake, I here proclaim was madness” (5.2 90-96). Hamlet is too late in realizing his madness in the end, however for tragedy has already struck. This all goes to show that revenge never truly ends and when it does tragedy has already struck, so revenge is truly a dish best served cold and should only be pursued with no outside factors or influences.

Works Cited

-Davis, Arthur G. Hamlet and the Eternal Problem of Man. NY: St. John’s UP, 1964.

-Lidz, Theodore. Hamlet’s Enemy: Madness and Myth in Hamlet. NY: Basic Books, 1975

-Prosser, Eleanor. Hamlet and Revenge. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1967.

-Hughes, Geoffrey. “Conscience in Literature” English Studies; Oct76, Vol. 57 Issue5, p395, 15p. Academic Search Complete.

Web. 23 Apr. 2011

-Brucher, Richard T. “Revenger’s Tragedy” Studies in English Literature (Rice); Spring 81, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p257, 14p. Academic Search Complete.

Web. 23 Apr. 2011

-Fly, Richard. “Accommodating Death in Hamlet” Studies in English Literature (Rice); Spring 84, Vol. 24 Issue2, p257 18p. Academic Search Complete

Web. 23 Apr. 2011

-Kumamoto, Chikako. “Hamlet’s Revenge and the Abject” Journal of the Wooden O. Symposium; 2006 Vol.6 p48-64, 17p. Academic Search Complete

Web. 24 Apr. 2011

Nick Polk

English 1102

Professor Rogers

23 April 2011

Presentation Outline

I. Hamlet’s revenge ultimately leads to his demise.

A.        Hamlet is defended in going for revenge by his culture moral ideas. Arthur Davis says in one of his books that “Hamlet is the product of a culture that knew a truth beyond all the confusions and diversities of life. It is certainly logical to look at him in terms of that truth. If it be insisted that we today are too far away from it, then we must be too far away from Hamlet as well, who would survive as a relic of the past and of nothing else” (Davis 3) In other words, Davis believes that Hamlet showed truth in his madness and our generation today would not go to the extent of which Hamlet did to avenge his family.

B.        It is great that Hamlet is standing up for the morals of his era, but to what extent does revenge stop and when it does isn’t the damage already dealt?

Hamlet grows with evil throughout the play and some critics have an explanation of why. Geoffrey Hughes believes that the Ghost is just a tool of the Devil and manipulated Hamlet to act the way he does. “Elizabethan ghosts, we are told, could be good or evil / The moral ambivalence of the Ghost’s command is made quite explicit it admits that murder, which is what it seeks, is even in, the best, most foul,” (Hughes 257).

So as this influence of revenge fires up Hamlet, his plan of making the killing of Claudius sort of clean cut, changes. Instead of killing Claudius while he is praying when it would be so easy to do he decides to wait and kill Claudius when he is sinning that way, he would not go to heaven. Hamlet’s mistake of not killing Claudius here results in the killing of two more innocent people including himself, Polonius and Gertrude. Richard Brucher says “The revenge killing requires craft because it must equal the outrage of the original crime and satisfy the revenger’s intense feelings” (Brucher 257). He stabs Polonius behind the drapes and Gertrude mistakenly drinks the poison and Hamlet decides to drink the poison as well to get rid of the misery. So is revenge really worth chasing after? You never know when it’s going to end and when it does tragedy has already struck.

* Because of the voice box being lower in the throat, humans are not able to swallow and breath at the same time or choking occurs.

* The reason an infant can breath as they nurse is because of the voice box not dropping into its permanent position until around 9 months of age.

* Mandarin remains to be number one among world languages. There are more than 850 million native Mandarin speakers, about two and a half times as many as English speakers.

* Only three percent of American students in elementary grades and five percent of middle schools offer the Chinese language, however learning the English language is mandatory in China beginning in the third grade.

* Even English words are getting smaller with modern technology such as “bits of eight” is now byte, the word “picture cell” is now pixel and “web log” is blog.

* The longest English word in the Oxford Dictionary is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis which is a disease affecting the lungs by breathing silicon dust from volcano’s.

* When there is damage to the superior temporal gryus in the brain it can cause a condition called, Wernicke’s Aphasia. People with this sound normal when they talk but make no sense with what they say.

* There are more than 2.8 million users of Indian Sign Language. Its considered to be the most widespread silent language in the entire world.

* Of all home pages on the Internet over seventy-five percent are in the English language. English is the worlds “lingua franca” with more on-line English speaking Internet users than any other.

* With 6,800 world languages, over a third of them are considered endangered with 202 of them only having less than ten surviving speakers.

The most obvious solutions, which are being paid for by the United States Consumer are extending the Postal Regulations incorporating existing laws for the Internet. The wording needs to read as a part of private communications instead of mail communications. Transmissions of copyright material under the FCC can be made similar. Once a movie is transmitted ( transmission is broad ) “in any form” it can be owned by the reader/viewer and it is in the hands of the viewer. From this point forward, it is legally shared material even under copyright. You can’t stop people talking about entertainment. It would be counter productive of entertainment’s first premise.

The laws contra mail rip-offs should be applied to the Internet. The US Postal Service has raised prices to compensate monies for the reduced mail traffic, and they stated their price hikes are because of Internet competition. The laws that support people’s protections under Postal Carriers can be adjusted to customer protection. These laws were generated over an experienced three hundred years. Ben Franklin was the colonial Post Master General in 1775, and the Pony Express started before the Civil War. Laws well thought out from years of experiences came into being, and they have endured through many revisions.

The names have been changed to protect the guilty. Congressman Joe Blow and Congressman Henry Hankerer haven’t any possibility to produce laws that are as good or as exact existing from our history. To cut cost further, law enforcement needs little training and they have experience under existing laws. Millions of dollars can be saved because current training applies. The three hundred years of experience went through the hands of hundreds of government officials rendering current laws to protect the consumers and stifling illegal activities. Give the tools out of the tool chest to the right people. Their is no need to waste money by creating more government growth yeilding a different government.

Free Speech is a guarantee. The Federal Government cannot break the Constitution vagrantly although they make illusive vagueness in their dissertations to reduce the Bill of Rights. One question looms, if you are not given a second chance why are you to giving politicians second chances. Something came from their mouths and they acted opposite. Hold everyone, from your neighbor to your employer, on the same standard. No Second Chances! You got what you got without a second chance, now give equally back, don’t loan your tools, don’t give your vote, and don’t work, if promises are fleeting memories. Your iron is in the fire, now apply it. They may say they didn’t remember or the famous “I’m sorry, I can’t recollect that.” Break the philosophical spiral that may continue until humanity dies. This is not saying take advantage of others nor is it saying not to be charitable. It is saying your are the result, and this result gains you equally.

Responsibility will never be present, if the results don’t come to bear.

Think on it. Make a decision, because abuse is two fold. You must have an abuser and you must have the abused. Most people are not into sadomasochism yet you live it. In slavery there is a slave driver and the slave. The Constitution is the law of the people, and your representatives are to serve you not to be a bloodline of mastery. The Magna Carta (“The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest“) and the Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments of The Constitution of the United States of America) were made to protect people from the horror of serfdom and to give the people the ability to say no to government abuse.