Animal Rights, para.Animal Rights: Right or Wrong?I do not personally agree that the rights of animals always outweigh their benefits to humans.

Ultimately, Owen is saying that the closure of animal research organization will only take away the benefits that people receive.Unfortunately, some of these acts are taken too far.Ed Owen, the author of The Dangers of Cuddly Extremism, believes that the interruptions and acts of animal rights activists regarding research will greatly hinder the benefits offered to humankind.On one side of the anti-animal rights argument is that animal rights activists are doing more harm than good.Some ideas that animal rights activists would support include prohibiting horse racing, circuses, animal research, petting zoos, marine parks, consuming animals, hunting, and use of animals for industry (Animal Welfare vs.Animal rights is the idea that all animals should be treated equally to humans and that all animals have the same rights as humans.Anti-animal rights activists consider that unnecessary actions are taken by animal rights activist.Some incidents carried out by animal rights activists include inappropriate writings, masked activists terrorizing a researcher’s home while he was hosting a children’s birthday party, the flooding of homes, and combustible devices placed under UCLA researcher’s cars (When Animal Rights Turns Ugly 1).An extreme minority has managed to force the closure of a number of establishments connected with animal research and will continue to target others” (2).While some are convinced that animal rights are only fair and that animals are now treated poorly, others maintain that animal rights are taken to the extreme and hinder benefits for humanity.

-          Getting no support from the Head of the English Department and also fellow teachers about her plans to get better books for her class
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-          Having to divorce her husband
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-          Getting her students to trust and believe in her
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-          Getting her students to become one, united and strip them of the racism that they’ve grown up to know and live by
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[Host] Good afternoon everybody and welcome to yet another segment of “____” Tonight we have a very special guest, you may recognise her as the heroine of the movie “Freedom Writers”. Please put your hands together for her, Erin Gruwell everybody!

*greets Erin* Thank you for being here.

[Erin Gruwell] *smiles* Thank you for having me.

[Host] Yes, well let’s get down to business now should we.

[Erin Gruwell] *smiles with a light laugh* Sure.

[Host] Well we all know of the great and positive impacts that you had on your students, but what we want to know is how and why you did some things that you did through your journey.

[Erin Gruwell] *nods* ok

[Host] For example, why did you find two part time jobs just so your students could get better equipment?

[Erin Gruwell] Well after being refused any new books (or equipment?) from Ms. Campbell (Head of English at Wilson High) and also the lack of support from fellow teachers, I didn’t have a choice really. My kids (I could tell) have potential to be just like everyone. So I want … I mean they’d be willing to learn, if the school actually gave them good enough books, not ripped up ones.

[Host] Yes I see your point. 

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Glasses were widely in use by the 13th century, but people didn’t know how they worked. They simply went to the marketplace and looked through glasses until they found a pair that helped them see better. It wasn’t until the 17th century that the German Astronomer Johannes Kepler discovered that bending light rays with the shape and thickness of the glasses made them work.

Eye operations were preformed as early as the 2nd century B.C. in Egypt, but it wasn’t until the 17th century that Kepler helped eye surgeons understand why their practices worked. As a result later eye surgeries were more precise and produced better results. The next major advance occurred when German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope in 1851, which is still used today. It was confirmation by an English scientist, Thomas Young that chemicals in the retina were sensitive to red, violet and green. This is know as the Young-Helmholtz-theory.

In 1877 German scientist Wilhelm Kuhne used a ophthalmoscope to perform an experiment. He covered the eyes of a rabbit with a dark cloth for 10 minutes and took away the cloth and let the rabbit look at a barred window. He then removed the rabbits retina and dipped it in alum to dry and preserve it. When examined with the ophthalmoscope, he saw the image of the barred window the rabbit had been staring at on the retina.

Today, scientists know the human eye is a globe shaped organ made up of three layers of tissue, the outer coat, the white of the eye, the middle coat called the choroid, and the inner layer, the retina, along with the eyelid gland which produces tears, and six bands of muscle attached to the eyeball to give the eye the ability to look up and down.

Publish your articles and earn income.

Ruby Hawk’s articles:

http://scienceray.com/astronomy/the-search-for-life-in-outer-space/

http://scienceray.com/biology/altered-genes-of-the-midwife-toads/

http://scienceray.com/mathematics/girls-and-math/

http://scienceray.com/biology/bumble-bees-are-becoming-extinct/

http://scienceray.com/biology/cicadas-sing-a-heck-of-a-song/

Gregor Johann Mendel was born July 22, 1822 at Heinzendorf, who died Jan. 6, 1884 at Brünn (now Brno, Czech Republic), the founder of the science of genetics, Austrian botanist and scholar priest. Mendel began gardening at an early age to do with college courses, then continued as pastor at Moravya life. In the meantime, some observations do not reach the plants have found little success.

A technical college, began teaching in 1854, he returned to Brünn’e. As already entered teaching exams, but had not been a success. 19. century. Darwin’s theory of natural selection in the middle to the spread of a species ranked watching his offspring to live problem emerged in a new intensity.

Biologists, especially botanists spent this problem, despite the efforts. Later, Mendelian genetics will be recognized as the father, began in 1858, and research experiments on the same theme, but after 8 years conclusion. The success of the method examines the problem stemmed from favorable. Plant varieties Mendel differences on one side, and is highly specific (giant or dwarf, flat or wrinkled peas), are transferred to separate the other hand, according to the study of the statistical ratio is not yet established a branch of science adopting a method reported in the statistics.

His experiments, the plant was tall or dwarf peas, flowers and colored leaves seat or colorless, yellow or green seeds, as opposed to smooth or rough features one of the generations that have managed to obtain pure strains. Then cross one another. The choice of these two features result substantially distinct lines with a pure hybrid offspring that emerged through the basic unit of heredity, and for each feature of the gene, suggesting that there is a double life.

Sex forum: I like to argue? It seems Researchers Have Found That your excuse: Brain Processes records aggression as a pleasure like sex , eating or substance abuse.

Protective Shield

Almost all OCCURS Aggression in vertebrates and is Necessary to get and keep important Resources Such as friends, food and territory. Yet, the brain receives as a reward aggressive year event, Researchers Say.

Involved in this process is dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters of the nervous system, ie a substance That transmits information between cells, many relationships of the brain .

This is a plausible Explanation for the fact That all creatures Have a natural propensity to fight, and people have so fascinated with violent sports like boxing and football.

Experiments on mice

For this Study, Researchers used a pair of mice, one male and one female WHOM they separated in the cage, and five other “Intruders” Which in May THEN HE Raised between Them.

When the female WAS Temporarily Removed from the cage and replaced by year WAS intruder mouse, it caused year aggressive reaction from the male host. He attacked with the tail hitting rival HIS Him, Attacking the side, boxand and biting.

Researchers Have triggered Also, the host mice in the cage to chase the intruder, and HE responded again in a negative way. Host HAD mouse daily confrontations with one intruder, and the Analysis of These confrontations That Have they indicated the host mice as a Perceived reward.

THEN Were The Same host mice treated with the drug That suppressed the dopamine receptors. After this Treatment, WAS found a Decrease in the frequency with Which HE HAS instigated rival. Dopamine is Often Associated with pleasure, Motivation and reward.

Aggression Can be challenging

That year, individual tissue experiments show Will intentionally seek to fight aggressively for the following aceasteia heh Lives of the feeling of reward. It is apparently for the first time also in. That aggression, caused ITS own initiative That is challenging and well-known add-positive dopamine plays a critical role.

Visit a good Sex forum MedLife for more articles and reviews about a healthy life, common diseases, treatments, symptoms and much more. Medlife is one of the most appreciated health blogs and sex forum in the world written by the best students in medicine.

This is the 100th post for me on triond in the month of May, and I had to mark this special moment by sharing what, to me, in the totally unsurprising news that, while religious faith can broaden the horizons of the believer, allegedly, it also has the side-effect of making your brain shrink more quickly as you age! At long last, proper vindication of what we, the godless, have long suspected, that religion actually does do your head in!

American researchers at the Medical center of Duke University believe themselves to have unearthed a definite connection between religious fervor and changes in the brains of older grown-ups. Published in open-access journal Public Library of Congress ONE, this study requested of 268 individuals, between the ages of 58 and 84, details of spiritual practice, religious affiliation and any truly dramatic religious experiences they might have had.

Over the following two to eight years, participants regularly underwent MRI scans, to determine if the basic area of the Hippocampus, that part of the brain associated with memory and learning ability, varied in any noticeable way. Those not having identified themselves as born-again Christians were found to have suffered less shrinkage of the area than those who were devout, those having experienced dramatic religious experiences being the worst affected.

Amy Owen and David Hayward were the originators of this study, and while they concede that the brain does tend to shrink with age in every human, the percentages seen in the brains of those most righteous souls would not have been due to age, depressive attitudes, brain size to start with or indeed any of the usual suspects, so there was a distinct possibility that religious belief was a contributory factor in this brain deterioration.

I do hope that those among you who feel an affinity with this whole god thing will not be mortally offended by this outrageous suggestion that the creator actually made belief in him a ticket to an earlier grave than would be the case for non-believers, but that does appear to be the case, as science seems to have amply demonstrated. It feels, actually, as though a huge, intellectual weight has finally been lifted, and the enlightened can now move freely.

What a great way to celebrate my hundredth post this month, the thought of the discussions being conducted within the Vatican, seeking ways to counter this blasphemous research a truly delicious image.  Remember the words of that old Maori poem, written four thousand years ago – You are your own devil, you are your own god.  You fashioned the steps that your footsteps have trod , and no-one can save you from error or sin until you have hearkened to the spirit within.  What God?

In these days of health scare headlines, the fact that many of us have mobiles attached to our hips when not stuck on our ears is giving some cause for concern, especially as the potential exists, supposedly for brain damage, possibly cancerous, from prolonged contact with the cell phone.

Various studies have been conducted, suggesting at possible links between heavy cell phone use and illness, but a recently released book, The 4 hour body, authored by Tim Feriss, talks about the previously unsuspected risk  involved in keeping cell phones in pockets, close to our bodies, for long periods daily.  

You need to be a little afraid, because a recent post on Yahoo health, about the 2010 Interphone study, stated that those who have the mobile at their ear for half-an-hour daily, over ten years, are 40% more likely to contract a brain tumour of the type that killed Teddy Kennedy, the Glioma.

You could say that the smallness of most cell phones would prohibit them giving off big enough doses of radiation to seriously affect the user, but all effects talked about are long-term ones, especially important to those who spend thei8r waking hours with the devices apparently glued to the sides of their heads. There is, it would appear, a clear and future danger inherent in such over-use.

There has to be, according to the book by Tim Ferriss, a genuine danger, for young men, that keeping the cell phone in the front trouser pockets, as many do, could potentially be posing a threat in terms of irradiating the testicles gradually, causing testicular cancer, eventually, though this as yet just theoretical, but having other, more chilling effects in the meantime.

It is obviously not yet known what long-term effects will truly be, because the use of these technologies to the present day extent has been slowly building for the past decade, so it may be another ten to fifteen years before definitive results appear, but there is little doubt that the popularity of wifi and other such devices are causing exposure levels unknown to past generations

There are current measurements, from various studies, proving that health problems can be caused through over-use of mobile phones. One study on rats showed that testosterone levels plummeted, in males exposed to the same levels radiated by average cell phones for a four week period at thirty minutes daily. The same undoubtedly happens to male humans, and testosterone is vital to your sexuality.

Tim Ferriss took this a stage further, wanting to see if sperm counts and motility were subject to the influence of the slight radioactive signals, and discovered that seven tenths of European studies carried out came to the damning conclusion that there was indeed a detrimental effect on sperm from the mobile phone radiation emissions.

An avid user of his own device, Tim went and got his own sperm count test, finding his numbers at surprisingly low levels. On reflection, he realized that he was indeed guilty of keeping the phone in a front pocket for up to twelve hours daily, and  repeated sperm count tests, over the following years, showed ever-diminishing numbers.

Having seen all the research data on this topic, Tim elected to experiment over a three-month trial, in which he would carry his cell phone in his pocket no more, keeping it well away from his testicles. The device was kept either in the back ocket when out, or at arm’s length when indoors, though mostly kept turned off when about his person.

Since sperm production in human males is a process taking some nine weeks, the three month trial seemed appropriate, and the sperm count test results at the end of it were astonishing, in that the volume of ejaculate was almost 50% higher, while the incidence of motile sperm per milliliter was 100% higher, and the incidence of motile sperm per ejaculate almost twice as high.

Whilst this is hardly definitive, with some variables, there is little doubt that the effect of  keeping the mobile well away from your reproductive organ is very good, improving dramatically your chances of fathering healthy children, should that be your wish in the future. The dangers for women are less clear as yet, but defective sperm could have a knock-on effect on unborn children, so being safe is always the best bet

Electro-Magnetic Frequency dangers also occur with other wireless devices, such as Wifi, and  never using a laptop actually on your lap seems another wise precaution.  Try using a wired, or Ethernet internet connections, or mobile broadband instead.  Surrendering the cell phone is simply not an option for most people, but sensible use of it could be very good for your future heath and sexual prowess as a man.

This genuinely is not scare-mongering on my part, more a simple commentary on disturbing facts that have recently started coming to light. The more we advance technologically, the greater the risk that we inadvertently subject ourselves to unknown dangers, so being careful in the way we conduct ourselves makes sense. Nothing wrong with having a mobile man, just watch out where you stash it.

Nowadays having a pet is fairly common and many animals are kept as pets, the popular ones being cats and dogs. Thankfully as many people rely on them for company and as a companion they are treated respectfully. People may decide to get pets for different reasons e.g. Company, to bond their family and help for the blind. However this doesn’t affect the way people treat them and feed them and luckily people treat them like anyone else in their family.

Guide Dogs:

Guide Dogs are specially trained dogs in order to be able to help the blind or people with major sight problems to get around safely. As I said above for pets they are normally treated with great respect as a companion for many blind people are unfortunate enough to live on their own or in care.

Sport:

Animals which are used in sport aren’t just abuse towards the animal such as in Bull fighting. For example greyhound racing the animals chase after the hare with no force from a human. With the animals being looked after carefully in sport and being checked on abused animal owners will be punished by the government .

Transport:

Animals have been used in human transport for thousands of years for example horses. Nowadays we are less dependent on animals assistance but they are still used and transport in some areas of the world like Husky dogs in the Arctic. The transport of animals can help humans pass through the toughest environments with little effort with normally no stress or mistreatment to the animal.

Work:

Animals used in work are fairly scarce until it comes to the police and military sector. For example sniffer dogs at airports and other locations placed around the United States. Also some type of bird is used in Japan for fishing. These animals are well looked after, even after they have been ‘retired’

Experiments:

An animal being used in experimentation is a very controversial subject and probably at least 75% of the population would protest about it, until it becomes on testing for something for that animal could benefit from i.e. new medicines maybe for a cow infected with mad cow disease. Experimentation on animals even in perspective is still probably going to be protested about.

Farming:

Animals help in farming in many ways apart from cattle farming for food. For example sheep help in the farming business by eating grass which moves more fertile soil to the top of the ground so new crops can be grown there again and also when they are sheared it isn’t just benefiting us for wool it benefits the sheep so they don’t have so much wool and can take up less space for itself.

Geneticist Aubrey de Gray of Cambridge University stated, in 2009.

“The first person to live to be 1,000 years old is certainly alive today …whether they realize it or not, barring accidents and suicide, most people now 40 years or younger can expect to live for centuries.”

A growing number of experts, in several medical fields insist that there is no hard reason why the process of ageing could not be slowed, or even prevented. Not only should it be theoretically possible, but an achievable goal that may possibly be reached within the next generation.

How do you stop the biological machinery from wearing out? Cells gradually lose their ability to replicate themselves, because so many variables occur within the wonderful creation that is the human body, and everyone looks for help from supplements to cosmetic surgery. Anything that can help to at least slow down the ravages of time.

Michael Rose, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of California stated.

“I am working on immortality. Twenty years ago the idea of postponing aging, let alone reversing it, was weird and off-the-wall. Today there are good reasons for thinking it is fundamentally possible.”

In theory at least, there is no reason why the human body could not last for far longer than it does now, if it were not for the lifestyles we now lead, or the spanner that evolution threw into the works, around one and a half billion years ago. Man’s forefather, then was a single-celled organism -
like an amoeba, perhaps – but it was a bit too sluggish to make it alone.

Enter an invading microbe called the mitochondrion, which was brilliant at producing huge amounts of ATP – energy for life-sustaining chemical reactions – and the path to speedy evolution was wide open. These microbes are found in the cells of every living thing, acting like miniature power
stations in every single cell.

Man would not exist without them, but there is a price we have to pay – mortality – because, like nuclear reactors, the microbes produce toxic waste – in the form of free radicals, rogue oxygen-based chemicals which wander through our bodies, attacking DNA and proteins within the cells.

It has been thought since the 1950s, that this damage is a major factor in ageing, and scientists have been hard at work looking for solutions to the problem. One of them, Simon Melov works at the Buck Institute in Nevada, and he was really quite excited in the recent past.  A biochemist, he has been fascinated by the ageing process all his life, and at 38, he thinks that an answer may be closer at hand than ever before.

He works with previously untried drugs that he believes are capable of increasing the life span. These compounds, known as SCS, or synthetic catalytic scavengers, apparently work by actively seeking out and destroying free radicals. He found that he can double the life expectancy of Nematode worms this way.

David Sinclair, Harvard University professor of pathology, believes he is close to producing a remedy for humans that could possibly keep them young and healthy

Finding this ‘fountain of youth’ has taken years for Sinclair. He discovered that the chemical resveratrol extends life span in mice by up to 24 percent and in other organisms by as much as 59 percent.  This chemical is produced naturally by some plants when under attack from bacteria or fungi. Sinclair thinks it could maybe extend the human life span as well.

“The system at work in the mice and other organisms is evolutionarily very old, so I suspect that what works in mice will work in humans.”

Sinclair believes that the chemical works by activating a gene named SIRT1, which is thought to play a fundamental role in determining life span. Biologists have found that increasing the level of SIRT1 slows aging and combats diseases such as cancer and heart disease. If resveratrol can activate SIRT1, Sinclair may indeed have found a way to unlock the secret to a long, healthy life. 

Cynthia Kenyon, of the University of California in San Francisco, has another approach to the problem. She has achieved the same results with the worms by altering a single gene in their make-up. It seems that some amazing results are being gained by well-respected scientists in the
anti-ageing field, and with the frantic pace of research today, and the mapping of the human genome, it could be sooner rather than later that humanity reaps the benefits.

Interestingly, Michael Rose, mentioned earlier, has also shown that he can double the life of fruit flies by forcing them to carry on having sex beyond the stage in their lives when they’d normally stop. Could this mean that humans who can remain sexually active could also extend their
lives? Rose’s research also points to there being a point in life – over 90 years old – at which people no longer age, physically, though by then the damage has already been done.

It even seems that what you eat could affect your chances, because Ray Walford, a highly respected Californian researcher, has doubled the lifespan of rats and mice by forcing them to fast! He actually lives his theories and at 76 years old, and very healthy, seems to have a point. He argues that the onlytherapy proven to extend natural life in mammals is calorie restriction – simply eating less. Less food means less energy, and less free radicals in the body, so less damage done.

Evolution has given us the ability to slow down our own metabolisms in time of shortage, so keeping he body deliberately, but not dangerously short of food, he maintains, will inevitably extend your life. A bit drastic for some, perhaps, but it is a proven method.

The twentieth century saw advances in medicine that increased life expectancy for humans by many years, and an awful lot of kids born today could easily live to be over a hundred years old, but if scientists like Melov and Kenyon are correct, even this isn’t enough.

If average life expectancy were, say, 120, then the longest lived could reach 195, and at 35, a man could still have 80% of his life to look forward to. The cultural and ethical problems would be enormous. How could a teenager relate to someone born 75 years before themselves, who still looked fairly normal?

Time travel has always been a dream, though in reality, we’re all travellers in time, as we live out our lives. Robert Heinlein wrote a momentous book called ‘Time Enough For Love’ in 1973, about a man born in the 20th century, who lived for 2,000 years. Such a life seems enviable to all of us, with our three score years and ten.

Science is, as always, rushing headlong toward an answer, to that moment when they actually find the Holy Grail of eternal life, and it seems to be closer at hand than our grandparents would ever have believed, but how much of a blessing would it really be? That’s a question only time itself can
answer

Their father, Pierre, had paper factories near Lyon, and educated them well. His factories were located near Lyon in southern France. Joseph tried the family business but had little success. He was not only shy but also absent-minded. He left to form a chemical company in Paris. After a short time it was obvious that his lack of business acumen was acute, and his inexperience soon led to considerable financial losses. Joseph had a scientific mind, however, which would prove invaluable in later life.

Etienne had a much more conservative youth. Trained as an architect, he also received some scientific education. In 1772, when he was 32, his father retired and placed him at the head of the business. Étienne soon earned a name in the paper industry through his careful and profitable improvements in papermaking. So much so, in fact, that in 1784 the company was made ‘royale’ by King Louis, the ultimate business accolade. 

The two brothers were approaching middle age when Joseph finally managed to interest his brother in the experiments he was conducting. In 1782 Joseph, witnessing some unknown thing carrying sparks and smoke high into the sky from a fire he was observing. Perhaps, he thought, this power could lift a man.

He experimented with an oblong bag of fine silk filled with smoke from paper burning. The inflated bag rose easily to the ceiling and his experiment proved a huge success. He persuaded Etienne how important this was, and they repeated the experiment outdoors. This time the bag rose about seventy feet before gradually losing buoyancy and falling back to earth. They had burned chopped wool and straw to generate the smoke.

Believing that lift for carrying cargo could be better achieved by using hydrogen since it was 14 times lighter than air, they tried it.  Hydrogen was however, expensive to make, very flammable and difficult to enclose. Experiments with silk and paper balloons led them to conclude that hydrogen was unsuitable for flight, so they went back to hot air.

 They first held a public experiment, on June 5, 1783, showing local nobility how a 35ft wide    balloon could rise about 6,000 ft (1,829) and float over a mile (1.61 km) away. Although it was unmanned, this was a giant step toward human flight News spread all over France like a brush fire. The Academy of Sciences invited the brothers to Paris, to show their achievement to the world.

They readily agreed, and on Sept. 19, 1783, in the presence of the King and his court at Versailles, they repeated what they had done. This balloon, elegantly decorated in honour of his majesty, was manned by a sheep, a rooster, and a duck. It rose to over 1,000 feet and then floated down, returning the crew safely to the ground.

Almost overnight, the brothers were national heroes. A gold medal was ordered to be struck in their honour. Étienne was awarded the ribbon of St. Michael, while Joseph was granted a pension of 1,000 livres. Balloons caught the public attention, and the term montgolfière began to be used in relation to  many things, including hair fashions and dresses.

The brothers were not the only ones in pursuit of manned flight. Parisian science lecturer Jacques Charles (1746-1823), had successfully built a hydrogen balloon, also flown unmanned. They were all now in a race to see who could get someone aloft. The brothers won the race.

On November 21, 1783, a ‘montgolfière’ carried two men over Paris for 20 minutes or so. They were Jean François Pilâtre de Rozier (1757-1785) and François Laurent, marquis d’Arlandes (1742-1809). The very first men in history to fly, but in a cruel twist of fate de Rozier also became the first human to die in an air accident.

Some months passed. In January 1784 Joseph constructed a 130-foot-diameter balloon, almost certainly largest hot-air balloon ever made at that time. His first flight attempt failed but on January 19. After a 15-minute flight with Joseph and two other passengers, the balloon made a rather rapid descent but landed without injury.

Cruelly, the brothers were soon seeing their achievements outdone by others. They had dreamed of aerial navigation, ambitions dashed when they realised that it was not possible to control the flight of the balloons. Hydrogen balloon developments meant that long-distance flights, even Channel flights, were soon being attempted.

Joseph only ever made the one flight and Etienne not even that.  As the appeal of the hydrogen balloons grew, their interest in balloon flight died away, though this was not the end of their inventiveness. They built a parachute in 1799 that successfully carried a sheep to safety.

Etienne returned to work with his paper business, dying at Neuchâtel, Switzerland, on Aug. 2, 1799. Joseph also returned to the paper industry. He continued to be an innovator, inventing the hydraulic ram and devising an apparatus for distilling liquids at reduced temperature and pressure, as well as an apparatus to dry fruit under such conditions.

He was honoured with membership of the Legion of Honor. Also he was appointed to membership of the Institute of France. He died at Balaruc-les-Bains in France on June 26, 1810.

We take much for granted not least the concept of the ‘global’ family. It is worth remembering the ingenuity and persistence of the Montgolfier brothers. They made globalisation possible today by getting us into the skies. We owe them so much.