blah blah blah blah
blah blah blah blah

they want to make em pee in a cup
i just want my taxes cut
i have to remind them nothing’s free
drug testing will steal more from me

terry stops to stop immigration
do you think they’ll stop there?
foot in the door for Real ID
but they got you cheering for it
because it’s not targeting you…
YET!

have you read the MIAC report?
the USAPATRIOT Act is already targeting you
The Drug War, the war on terror
Are all just policy laundery
Washington’s taking you to the cleaners
Has you supporting the roots of tyranny

you say we should support Israel
you forgot to put the gun down
government is force not eloquence
everything’s funded through violence

if you want to support em
do what Glenn Beck says
write em a check your damn self
being world police costs too much
and blows back in our face

please tell me again how welfare is evil
and taxing me for war is a-ok

when the fucking wars make us less safe
and reduce our standing in the international community
and debt debt debt

1776 Congress adopts the name The United States of America

1777 Congress adopts the stars and stripes flag

1781 The Revolutionary War ends

1787 Delegates from the 13 states meet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to write a consitution

1788 The Consitution takes effect

1789 George Washington becomes the first President of the United States

1791 The Bill of Rights becomes law

1792 Washington is elected to a second term

1796 John Adams is elected the new president

1800 Washington. D.C, became the nation’s capital. Thomas Jefferson is elected the new president

1801 Jefferson send the U.S. Navy to fight Barbary pirates in North Africa

1803 The Louisiana Purchase doubles the size of the United States

1808 James Madison is elected as the new president

1812 The War of 1812 begins

1814 British troops burn Washington, D.C. Dolly Madison saves important papers and a portrait of George Wasington

1815 The War of 1812 ends

1816 James Monroe is elected the new president

1820 The Missouri Compromise is adopted as law

1823 The Monroe Doctrine takes effect

1824 John Quincy Adams son of John Adams, is elected the new President.

Now lets turn the tables back a little and learn some on George Washington, our first president.

Born february 22, 1732, in Wesrmoreland County, Virginia. He had seven to eight years of formal schooling, leaving at the age of 15. He was a farmer and military commander. He’s vice president was John Adams. Married January 6, 1759 to Martha Dandridge Curtis. They had no children of their own, just Martha’s two from her other marriage. Washington was known as a commander in the War, the name stuck when he was moved to being a president. They started calling him Commander, and that’s how Commander and Chief came to be for presidents. Washington died December 14,1799, he went for a ride in the worst part of winter and got very sick. He died a week later, but not from sickness per say, back then they thought draning some of your blood would heal you, but in this case it made Washington weaker and he died.

9

The Confederation and the Constitution

1776-1790

1. Pre-Reading Information

   1. American Revolution

      • Not a radical revolution/total change didn’t happen. Not many disturbed

      • Changes affected social customs, political institutions, ideas about society, government, and gender roles

2. The Pursuit of Equality

   1. Social Democracy

      • DOI: “All men created equal”

1.  
   1.  

      • Reduced property holding requirements for voting + men/women who weren’t wealthy demanded to be called Mr/Mrs. Boss, not master, Primogeniture removed

1.  
   1.  

      • 1784 ship of Ind. Servants released in NY, due to status violating democratic ideals

        • 1800 servitude gone

      • Continental Army officers formed exclusive hereditary orders, Society of the Cincinnati

      • Further stimulated by growth of trade organization for artisans/laborers

   2. Separation of Church and State

      • Congregational Church still remained in authority, Anglican Church → Protestant Episcopal Church, and was disestablished

      • Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom, Thomas Jefferson + co-reformers, 1786, separated religion and government VA

   3. Slavery

      • Philadelphia Quakers 1775 anti-slavery society. Cont. Congress. 1774, called for abolition of slavery, which most colonies responded +, & several north states abolished slavery outright

      • States south of PA didn’t abolish slavery + North/South had laws discriminating African Americans:Being barred from having property, holding certain jobs + educating children, and anti interracial marriage laws came up

      • Didn’t knock out slavery because didn’t want fragile union to collapse

   4. Woman’s rights

      • Low woman’s rights, NJ 1776 for a time allowed to vote, but most doing woman’s work at time

      • Civic virtue- Unselfishness of citizen for public good , and women taught these virtues to kids

2. Constitution Making in the States

   1. Continental Congress 1776

      • Called to write new constitution, RI/CT retouched their charters, others had republic spirit

      • MA- Special Convention, drafted constitution then submitted final draft to people for ratific. , once adopted 1780, couldn’t be changed except by another constitutional convention

   2. State Constitutions

      • State constitutions had a lot in common with each other. British tradition = constitutions not written document but collection of laws,customs,precedents

      • Americans invented something different, documents = contracts defining power of gov’t + authority from people, not from royal seal/king

      • State constitutions, intended to rep. Fundamental law. Included bills of rights, guaranteeing liberties, new legislature annually, weak executive/judicial branches.

      • All states legislature given most power, but Paine + Americans disagreed

      • Democratic character of new legislature demonstrated from recent enfranchised poorer western districts, had major effect like moving capitals westward(NY, VA, NC, NH, SC, GA)

3. Economic Crosscurrents

   1. Economic Changes

      • States seized control of crown lands, Loyalist holdings confiscated + cut up into small farms

      • Roger Morris’s estate NY was cut up into 250 parcels, accelerating spread of economic democracy, which preceded political democracy.

      • Stimulus given to manufacturing by the prewar non importation agreements, and later by the war itself. Good imported to Britain cut off. America remained nation of farmers

      • Americans barred from British + British West Indies, fisheries disrupted, and bounties for ships stores had ended.

        • Allowed to trade freely with foreign nations + subject to local restrictions

      • Yankees sail to Baltic/China. 1784 Empress of China, ginseng came into East Asia markets

      • War had spawned demoraliz. Extravagance, speculation + profiteering (as high as 300%)

      • State governments under too much debt to ever repay, inflation ruining citizens Congress failed at curb economic laws. Better off before war than after. New rich class of profiteers

4. A Shaky Start Toward Unity

   1. Creating and Operating a New Central Government

      • Hard to setup a new government of a new type. American was not very unified

      • Political system left to experimentation/innovation, and mass confusion

      • 1786 British goods hit American market hurting War-baby American industries

      • All colonies similar in government, + G. Wash, J. Madison, J. Adams, T. Jefferson, A. Hamilton, political leaders

5. Creating a Confederation

   1. Second Continental Congress

      • Conference of ambassadors, states were essentially sovereign, raised armies/navies, and taxed

      • Before decl. Independence 1776, asked committee for written constitution. Articles of Confederation = finished product, 1777, + translated into French after Saratoga for French supp.

        • Not accepted by all 13 states until 1781

      • 6 states had no holdings past Allegheny mountains, and 7 were favored with enormous acreage. Those with Allegheny lands could sell and pay debts, but those w/o had to heavily tax

      • Unanimous approval of AoC required, and VA held out until March 1, 1781. Congress pledged to dispose these vast areas for the “common benefit”. Agreed to carve from the new public domain where “republican states” would be admitted into with complete equality. Later redeemed in Northwest Ordinance of 1787

      • Fertile public lands transferred to central gov’t +westward pioneers purchased land from federal government

6. The Articles of Confederation: America’s First Constitution

   1. Articles of Confederation

      • 13 states linked together to deal with common problems, Congress chief agency of gov’t, not executive/judicial branch.

      • Each state had a single vote, any bills dealing with important subjects required 9 votes, and amendments req. unanimous ratification. Unanimity almost impossible, amending process unworkable.

   2. Congress

      • Congress weak, designed to be weak, suspicious states didn’t want American Parliament to take their newly acquired privileges

      • Two handicaps of Congress, no power to regulate commerce => states establish different/conflicting laws about taxes/navigation. Couldn’t enforce tax-collection program either. Asked states to contribute their share on voluntary basis, only got ¼ of what they asked for

      • National gov’t in Philadelphia, could not command/control/coerce independent states , could not act upon citizens, could not protect itself against indignities. 1783 group of angry PA soldiers demonstrated in front of Ind. Hall, and Congressmen forced to flee after no help.

      • Less effective than Continental Congress

      • AoC loose model of what confederation out to be like. T. Jeff. “Heaven and hell”

      • Stepping stone to current Constitution, outlined general powers exercised by central gov’t like treaty making + postal service

7. Landmarks in Land Laws

   1. Congress of the Confederation

      • Succeeded in passing supremely farsighted pieces of legislation

        • Related to the public domain recently acquired by states known as Old Northwest

   2. Townships

      • Land Ordinance 1785, said acreage of Old Northwest sold to pay national debt.

      • Was to be divided into townships 6 miles square, split into 36 sections, 16th section sold for benefit of public schools. Northwest = Orderly, Ohio River = Chaos

      • Northwest Ordinance of 1787, came to grips about how country should deal with colonies. There would be 2 evolutionary stages, where area would be subordinated to federal gov’t. After 60,000 people there, it could become a state. Slavery banned in Northwest

8. The World’s Ugly Duckling

   1. Foreign Relations

      • British refused to make commercial treaty or repeal Navigation Laws. Lord Sheffield argued that they would win back American trade anyways. Closed Brit West Indies to Americans

      • Brits intrigued by Allen brothers and sought to annex Vermont to Britain. Redcoats stayed in north to trade with Indians and to keep Indian support in order to defend Canada

      • Grievances against Britain made Americans mad, and they demanded that US impose restrictions on British imports to America, but Congress could not control commerce.

      • Spain unfriendly to new Republic, owned mouth of the Mississippi, and 1784 closed it to American commerce. Also owned GoM + Florida.

      • Natchez on disputed soil held important fort. Brits + Spanish + Indians prevented American from having effective control on ½ its territories

      • French demanded repayment of money loaned during war, and placed trade restrictions

      • North African pirates ravaged Mediterranean commerce + enslaved Yankee sailors. British purchased protection for their own subjects, including Americans, until independence.

9. The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

   1. Economic Storm Clouds

      • System of raising money was failing, public debt piling up + nations credit evaporating

      • States were getting out of hand quarreling over boundaries + taxing things from one another

      • Shay’s Rebellion 1786, led by Capt Daniel Shay, impoverished farmers losing land due to mortgage, wanted state to issue paper money, lighten taxes, and suspend property takeovers

      • MA authorities raised a small army, killing the movement in Springfield, but passed debtor-relief laws

      • Republicanism had fed an insatiable appetite for liberty that was fast becoming license. Civic virtue not good enough. A strong central government was needed, instead of republicanism

      • Wealthy conservatives wanted a strong central government, and poor wanted anarchy. But everyone agreed Confederation needed strengthening

      • Nearly half the states had not issued paper $$. 1789 overseas shipping regained place in world

10. A Convention of “Demigods”

    1. Control of Commerce

       • VA calls for convention at Annapolis, MA, 1786. 9 states appointed delegates, 5 represented

       • Hamilton called for Congress to summon convention to meet in Phili next year, to bolster AoC

    2. Meeting in Philadelphia

       • Every state chose a representative(Except RI), who were appointed by voters. When one of them mentioned restricting federal office to major property owners, he was denounced for interweaving republican constitution a veneration for wealth”

       • Quorum of 55 emisaries from 12 states convened @ Phili May 25 1787. Session held in secrecy

       • Most emissaries were lawyers, and most had helped write constitutions in their own state

       • G. Wash elected chairman. J. Mad. 36 at time, “Father of the constitution”, Hamilton = 32, 5 hr speech

       • Many revolutionary leaders of 1776 were not there, like Jefferson, Adams, and Paine

11. Patriots in Philadelphia

    1. The Delegates

       • Were a conservative body, none from poorer debtor group, 19/55 owned slaves, nationalists. Desired firm, dignified, and respected gov’t

       • Delegates determined to preserve union, forestall anarchy, ensure security of life and property against dangerous uprising.

12. Hammering out a Bundle of Compromises

    1. A Daring Step

       • Delegates decided they would scrap old AoC, instead of revise. Said that representation in House + Congress should be based on population, but small NJ said that Congress should have the same amount of people. The two sides got into a deadlock

       • House of Representatives = Based on population, Senate = 2 people per state. All tax bills/revenue measures had to originate in the house

       • New Constitution provided for a executive in the presidency. President was to have broad authority, + to be able to veto legislature. President allowed to wage war but Congress was the one who declared war

       • Constitution was a bundle of compromises. Method of electing president was with Electoral Colleges rather than directly. Large states had advantage in first round of voting, small states had a larger voice of no candidate got a majority of electoral votes and the election thrown to HoR

         • Election by House happened twice, 1800 + 1824

       • Slaves decided to be considered 3/5 of a power (“3/5 compromise”). Most states wanted to shut down slave trade, but SC + GA protested. Left issue untouched until 1807.

13. Safeguards fro Conservatism

    1. Delegates Clashes

       • Delegates agreed over the majority of things, members of Cont Congress saw eye to eye, demanding sound money + protection of private property. Politically in agreement about 3 branches system with checks and balances, and convention eventually virtually unanimous

       • Federal judges appointed for life, president indirectly appointed by Electoral College, Senators chosen indirectly by slate legislature. Only in HoR were people allowed to choose by vote

       • New charter contained democratic elements, 2 main republican ideas, that the only legitimate government was based on the consent of the governed, and the power of government limited. Virtue of people, not authority, was the guarantor of liberty, justice, + order

       • End of 17 weeks, May 25 – Sept 17, 1787, only 42/55 remained to sign Constitution. 3/42 refused to, returning to states to resist ratification. No member of convention 100% happy

14. The Clash of Federalists and Anti-federalists

    1. Acceptance

       • Since Framing Fathers knew that RI would veto the Constitution made it so that 9/13 states needed so that Constitution becomes supreme law in their lands

       • This way framers could get popular sanction for their handiwork, and a divided Congress could submit the doc to the states on this basis, w/o recommendation

       • American people surprised that a new document had come out instead of a revised AoC. Anti-federalists who opposed strong federal gov’t were against the federalists who favored it

       • Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee led anti-federalists. Included state right devotees,back country dwellers,and one horse farmers(poorest classes basically), also by debtors

       • Federalists had more power + influence, including G. Wash + B. Frank. Most who lived by seaboard, were wealthier, and controlled the press. 1780’s 12/100 were antifederalist

       • Antifederalists thought Constitution was going to take power away from the common folk, and that there was no bill of rights.

15. The Great Debate in the States

    1. Acceptance

       • Special elections held in various states for members of ratifying convention, elected based on pledges for or against Constitution

       • 4 states quickly accepted the Constitution. PA #2 on list of ratifiers, first large state to act, but not until irregularities had been employed by federalist legislature in calling a convention, including forced seating of 2 antifederalist members

       • MA, 2nd most populous state, held Boston ratifying convention. Included Shaysites and antifederalist majority, + Samuel Adams. Absence of BoR alarmed anti F’s, but assured that first Congress would add one, and ratification was then secured in MA 187 to 168

       • 3 more states fell into line, last being NH, who first had anti F majority, but then secured ratification still.

       • Document officially adopted June 21, 1788.

16. The Four Laggard States

    1. Virginia

       • Anti F opposition, incl Patrick Henry saying he fears to document will warrant death to liberty

       • With NH about to ratify, Union was about to be formed, and VA could not be comfortable as an independent state, and eventually ratified after an exciting debate

    2. New York

       • Heavily anti F state convention

       • Hamilton favored stronger central gov’t, but he used his personality to whip up support for federalism. He also joined John Jay + James Madison in making a series of article for NY papers. (designed as propaganda). (The Federalist)

       • NY finally yielded after realizing they couldn’t prosper w/o the Union

    3. The Other States

       • NC/RI rejected the Constitution

       • Last 4 states eventually ratified because they had to in order to be safe.

17. A Conservative Triumph

    1. Minority triumphs

       • Triumphed in American revolution, and overthrowing the AoC , 11 ratified and 2 stayed in the cold

       • Only ¼ adult males had voted for delegates. If the Constitution had been submitted to manhood-suffrage vote would have probably been defeated

       • Conservatism victorious, safegaurds placed against mob-rule , while republican views from the Revolution stayed. Federalists believed that if they set American on the right course, they could restore economic/political stability

       • Architects of Constitution conserved principle of republican government through redefinition of popular sovereignty. Federalists believed every branch of gov’t represented the 

1. Osama Bin Laden was not the first to attack the U.S. in its own territory. The “merit” is the Mexican Pancho Villa, who in 1916 crossed the Rio Grande and attacked the town of Columbia, Texas, where it killed seven people. The raid lasted less than ten hours.
2. The three ships of Columbus were actually two. Pinta and Nina. For the third vessel that participated in the discovery of America was other larger boat. Her name was Maria Galante, but Columbus renamed it Santa Maria.
3. The Witches of Salem were not burned at the stake. However do not think they were pardoned. In fact were hanged, which sentence was the penalty that communities and Calvinist Protestants used to dictate to the cases of witchcraft.
4. Napoleon was not so small. In fact, average 1.68 cm., An acceptable height for his time, and even surpassed by 4 cm, the Duke of Wellington, his arch-enemy English.
5. In Casablanca, Bogart never uttered the phrase: “Play it again, Sam.” In fact, the exact phrase is: “Sam Tap, tap ‘As time goes by.” To end up ruining the myth, the actor who played Sam (Dooley Wilson) just sang, because he could not play the piano. The monitoring was built in the studio.
6. The Vikings did not wear helmets with horns. Was the brainchild of Swedish painter Gustav Malstrom in the illustrations he made in 1820 for the epic poem `s Frithiof Saga. The purpose of these horns was unrealistic portrayal of the fierce warriors of the North and almost demonic beings.
7. Hundred years war actually lasted 116 years, from 1337 to 1453, the year in which the kings of England and France (the countries in conflict) brought an end to hostilities.
8. The Boston Strangler, Albert De Salvo, not strangled their victims. At least, not at all. Only in this way killed the first and the remaining twelve killed by blows or stabs.
9. George Washington was not the first U.S. president. When starting the American Revolution in 1714, a committee of notables elected Peyton Randolph, in an improvised manner, to this office. After his resignation, eight individuals served as president until 1789, the year he finally approved the U.S. Constitution and that the first elections were held for the position, in which Washington was finally elected.
10. Walt Disney could not draw and never drew any of his famous characters. For many years it was said that Mickey Mouse had been created for him, but now know that was exclusively the work of cartoonist Ub Wickers who left Disney to share authorship for you to return a favor.

Image via Wikipedia

1. The United States, as well as the Soviet Union, have both highly considered exploding atomic nuclear bombs on the Moon!

2. Most of the original feminists opposed abortion! Today’s feminists encourage it!

3. The Age of consent in the most of the United states is not 18! The most popular age is 16!

4. Prescription drugs alone kill more than 100,000 people Annually.

5. LSD has been successfully used in Psychiatric Therapy!

6. George Washington grew marijuana on his farm, and smoked it regularly.

7. The majority of the auto industry claims that SUV drivers are selfish and insecure.

8. At one point, “Bayer” manufactured heroine. And sent several samples to Doctors around the world.

9. Elderly people are more likely to kill themselves than anyone.

10. The United States plans to provoke terrorist attacks in order to test a team of special forces.

George Washington and Simon Bolivar are both very unique people who greatly influenced the revolutions they where part of. One major effect on both of them was the pressure the Europeans pushed on them and forced them toward revolution. These two have many similarities, Bolivar even considered the South American George Washington. But with all similarities there are differences that can influences a person and how they revolt. Overall both where extremely important to the revolution they where part of.(1)

Like all revolutions the ones in the Americas had a spark that started it all. In Latin America Bolivar had been limited his entire life due to where he was born. This feeling was throughout he people of Latin America due to the social system the Europeans placed(4). This same limitation system was in the Colonies and was an overall dislike. Another factor that lead to the revolution for Latin America was the Napoleonic Wars that focused Euro powers to look homeward. For the Americas just a pure pressure and limitations the British put on them was enough to push them to the edge with some encouragement from people such a Thomas Paine. In America George Washington had a great impact by singly starting the French Indian war. The war forced Britain to buckle down on America and this didn’t hep the dislike toward them. Bolivar personally had control of the army and worked to start a revolution. Without these people the revolutions in the Americas might not have had the same effects.(2)

Washington and Bolivar had many similarities that showed how great mind think alike. With Bolivar being called the George Washington of South America then there is no need for explanation. Both leaders where born in the Americas, as well as had their parents die at a young age, leaving them to friend that were very wealthy.Well at a young age both became very well versed in the sport of horseback riding. Once the revolution started both found that they where leading the underdog army. With their army both fought for independence from their controlling power. Once the revolution was over both assumed the position of leader the very first of each of their country’s. As with all similarities there are differences, and these two where very different in some aspects.

Bolivar may be the Southern George Washington but that doesn’t mean he is the same in every way. One of the major differences was that Washington owned slaves and Bolivar didn’t. One thing that influenced Bolivar was that was taught in Europe well Washington never left the colonies.(3) Once the revolution had ended Washington was elected by the people to server as their leader while Bolivar wasn’t. After eight years Washington gives up power and is loved by the people. Bolivar on the other hand was forced into exile from his home country. Their differences my be what separates them but it truly binds them closer together as similar people.

Works Cited
1: “George Washington.” Supercomputing ‘94. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://sc94.ameslab.gov/tour/gwash.html>.
2: “George Washington.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington>.
3: Hamre, Bonnie. “Simon Bolivar, El Libertador.” South America Travel Guide – Travel in South America. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/southamerica/a/VenBolivar.htm>.
4: “History of Simon Bolivar.” Welcome to Bolivar Missouri – Local Interests, Business, Schools, and News! Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://www.bolivarmo.com/history.htm>.

But whilst we are left disappointed, humiliated or with heartache, there is a lesson to be learned from failure. In the first of 3 parts, we take a look at some of history’s most poignant members who have risen from the ashes of their failures. 

Read on and take inspiration!

The problem with any failing in our lives is overcoming the fear of failing in the first place. Until you do this we are all instantly immobilised at the prospect of stepping out and taking a risk again. It is human nature. Nobody likes to fail. 

But failure is part of what makes us human. It is what makes us the people we are and who we aspire to be. Try and look at failure as a learning curve as you broaden your knowledge of life and your own understanding.

But the most important point I will try and press home to the reader is that when you do fail, then do not quit. That is right – DO NOT QUIT! 

Look at history. Famous people in our past have shown that failure can in fact be that bridge towards success. Think about this just for a moment and cast your minds back on a little history lesson about that journey across such a bridge.

In school, Napoleon was forty-second in a class of forty-three when it came to academic standings. Yet Napoleon went on to build an army that conquered many parts of the world. Now look at George Washington. He lost two-thirds of his military battles but against overwhelming odds he went on to win the Revolutionary War. Because of this fortune he went on to change much of America’s history.

Albert Einstein, one of history’s most famous masters of physics, was such a slow learner he was advised by his tutors to quit physics and study another topic. But Einstein went on to be father of the atomic age with his mind and thinking.

So think about this. When we recall their names we do not think of their failures along the way. We remember their wisdom, their success. We remember their contributions to the world and its history books. 

So what about you? What about when you fail in a venture? 

It is only when you consider yourself as a failure to be final, that you actually are a failure! 

Failure is not an event that happens – but think of it more of an opinion. So long as you believe that your failure is not your own opinion. That is when you can come back and succeed. Failure is not actually fatal so do not fear it! But remember that the fear of failure can hinder your goals and keep you from trying again. 

Franklin Roosevelt told a whole nation that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. From failure comes fear. A fear of “getting back on the horse” and learning from your failing will be your only downfall. Just don’t do that.

There is a saying that a righteous man may fall seven times and rise again. 

Don’t be afraid of failure. It is but a learning curve towards your success…

I think that the articles of confederation were a weak and ineffective form of government; they had no executive branch and little power to enforce laws on states, as well as tax them and regulate their trade. The articles where originally to tie the states together and to help run the revolutionary war, but those days where over and the articles no longer served Americas needs for a democratic government. They where written by a population widely proud of escaping the British Parliaments control and taxation, not wanting to go back; the articles designed a weak federal government on purpose. The articles were quickly proven ineffective at keeping order on this new nation as shays rebellion stirred up as well as other problems with taxes and war debt.

One of the main problems is there inability to control the states government. Congress had the ability to tax but states could deny congressional if they didn’t like it (A). This is a major disadvantage to the Articles of Confederation, the congress asked the states to fill there tax quota but could not enforce it and were lucky to even receive a fourth of the decided quota. . These over controlling state governments led to different forms of currency and trade problems. The states acted as individual countries instead of a united nation, with no strong central government to pull them together. The states with no real leadership developed differing laws, tariffs and trade laws from state to state. The states constitutions of each state even limited the power of central governments citizen’s rights. The difference in state constitutions, laws and currency led to major trade conflicts and inflation of individual currencies leading to major debts unplayable, eventually leading to Shay’s Rebellion.

Shay’s rebellion showed another major flaw in the articles; the almost worthless paper money of the nation, due to states ability to print there own currency, led to these men losing property and profit of any kind decided to enforce there own demands. This outburst showed that articles defective federal system with no power to put down this rebellion eventually ended by a state government funded by a few wealthy men.

The articles did create an army but with no money and desperately struggling in war debt with no good source of revenue the army was forced to endure little pay, congresses inability to pay there demands, and other injustices (C). they didn’t even have the authority to rid leftover British soldiers still “holed up” in old garrisons; made especially hard when still trying to fix trade problems with Brittan, including restrictions on our trade with them, and pay our massive debts (D). Our foreign problems don’t stop their Spain continued to pester us with conflict over the navigation of the Mississippi river (F), as well as the Frances continued frustration with our inability to pay back the debts we owed them.

Now though due to the troubles developed with Britain and their trade restrictions no matter how big our country gets we continue to make the same amount of money from trade (B). The navigation acts were still imposed on use by Britain who continued to hinder our trade and close ports of the West Indies to American merchants and traders weakening Americas industries and tax base further. The British still on American soil in the north continued to recruit Indians, to keep us out of Canada, and maintain the profitable fur trade taking further from our economy. Some colonists insisted on a revenge against Europe by imposing tariffs and quotas on our trade with them, but the article weakened congress had no control over the commerce of the states could do no such thing; this allowed easy going states to lower their trade barriers and make more of foreign industries. In these dismal times in the economy of early America George Washington said this about our relationships to foreign nations “Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence therefore it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships, or enmities”.

These continuing problems tore the country apart with both factions fighting for a stronger or weaker federal government but, change was to come for the nation, which could no longer prosper under such a weak and ineffective form of government, but “the confederation was praiseworthy as confederations  went” the nation needed a tighter more formed and united form of government to lead and guide the people of this new nation, which is why the articles could never pull America from the spiraling disaster of foreign debt, relation, and continued disunity. 

Source

George Washington set five precedents as the first President of the United States of America.

1. The first precedent that George Washington set was that he accepted a paycheck (around 12,000 dollars) for serving as President. From that day forth presidents had a salary. Now at around $420,000.

Source

2. The second precedent George Washington set was by not staying in office for over two terms, even when he was offered a third. This brought forth an official limit of two terms that a President could serve.

Source

3. The third precedent he set was that he retained the formality of the presidency and made it an honored respected position by having himself called called His Excellence. The presidency is now one of the most formal and respected positions one could be in.

Source

4. The fourth precedent he set was neutrality in foreign affairs. Before foreign relations became a necessity for countries’ economies and militaries and such America was neutral.

Source

5. The fifth precedent he set was that he handled domestic problems with force, such as during the whisky rebellion. Nowadays our executive branch uses force commonly to settle domestic problems, although the US military may not be used for that purpose.

Source