Vertner Woodson Tandy was born in 1885 on May 17 and died in 1949 on the 7th of November. He studied at Tuskegee University.   As a Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity member at Cornell University in 1906, he designed the fraternity pin.  He even helped as the first treasurer of the fraternity to get the Fraternity incorporated.

Vertner W. Tandy company was called Tandy and Foster.  The company was named after him and his African American architect partner, George Washington Foster, who was born in 1866 and died in 1923. Besides the church and Madam CJ Walker’s mansion designs, he managed to build an apartment complex that today is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The name of that complex is The Ivey Delph Apartments that were designed in 1948.  The housing still stands at 19 Hamilton Place in Harlem aka as the Northern Manhattan area, a name that will soon help take away the grand history of this area that so many African American’s built with the name Harlem attached.  The serious of articles by this author being written during Black History Month in 2012, will help confirm how changing the name or association with Harlem to a name such as Northern Manhattan does not specify its history and can even damaged the value of its rich history.

Verner W. Tandy was an design genius born in Lexington, Kentucky.  He died at the young age of 64 of pneumonia.  His funeral service was at the church that he designed.  He was working on his last project called, “The Apartments” when he passed.

For an extensive view of one of his designs, view the links below:

http://www.luxist.com/gallery/villa-lewaro-estate-of-the-day/3663903/

Hysteria: Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotion, such as fear or panic.

Hunch: A stooped or curled posture; a slouch, also means a theory, idea or a guess.

Hypnosis: A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.

Hyper: Having an increased state of activity.

Human: Belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.

Holy: Dedicated to a religious purpose or a god or gods.

Holocaust: The mass murder of Jews and other groups by the Nazi regime during World War II.

Home: One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one’s family; also, one’s birthplace; The place where a person was raised; Childhood or parental home; home of one’s parents or guardian.

Heebie-Jeebies: A general feeling of anxiety, fear, uneasiness, or nausea.

BONUS:

Preparation H: Ointment to treat hemorrhoids, wrinkles from skin and heal dry, cracked, and irritated skin.

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1. George Washington ( 30.04.1789-4.02.1797)

2. John Adams ( 4.03.1797-4.03.1801) – Federal

3. Thomas Jefferson ( 4.03.1801-4.03.1809) – Democrat-Republican

4. James Madison (4.03.1809-4.03.1817) – Democrat-Republican

5. James Monroe (4.03.1817-4.03.1825) – Democrat-Republican

6. John Quincy Adams (4.03.1825-4.03.1829) – Democrat-Republican

7. Andrew Jackson (4.03.1829-4.03.1837) – Democrat

8. Martin Van Buren ( 4.03.1837-4.03.1841) – Democrat

9. William H. Harrison (4.03.1841-4.04.1841) – Whig

10. John Tyler (4.04.1841-4.03.1845) – Whig

11. James K. Polk (4.03.1845-4.03.1849) – Democrat

12. Zachary Taylor (4.03.1849-9.07.1850) – Whig

13. Millard Fillmore (9.07.1850-4.03.1853) – Whig

14. Franklin Pierce (4.03.1853-4.03.1857) – Democrat

15. James Buchanan (4.03.1857-4.03.1861) – Democrat

16. Abraham Lincoln (4.03.1861-15.04.1865) – Democrat

17. Andrew Johnson (15.04.1865-4.03.1869) – Democrat

18. Ulysses S. Grant (4.03.1869-4.03.1877) – Republican

19. Rutherford B. Hayes (4.03.1877-4.03.1881) – Republican

20. James Abram Garfield (4.03.1881-19.09.1881) – Republican

21. Chester A. Arthur (19.09.1881-4.03.1885) – Republican

22. Grover Cleveland (4.03.1885-4.03.1889) – Democrat

23. Benjamin Harrison (4.03.1889-4.03.1893) – Republican

24. Grover Cleveland (4.03.1893-4.03.1897)- Democrat

25. William McKinley (4.03.1897-14.09.1901) –  Republican

26. Theodore Roosevelt (14.09.1901-4.03.1909) – Republican

27. William H. Taft (4.03.1909-4.03.1913) – Republican

28. Woodrow Wilson (4.03.1913-4.03.1921) – Democrat

29. Warren Gamaliel Harding (4.03.1921-2.08.1923) – Republican

30. Calvin Coolidge (2.08.1923-4.03.1929) – Republican

31. Herbert Hoover (4.03.1929-4.03.1933) – Republican

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (4.03.1933-12.04.1945) – Democrat

33. Harry S. Truman (12.04.1945-20.01.1953) – Democrat

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (20.01.1953-20.01.1961) – Republican

35. John F. Kennedy (20.01.1961-22.11.1963) – Democrat

36. Lyndon B. Johnson ( 22.11.1963-20.01.1969) – Democrat

37. Richard Nixon (20.01.1969 – 9.08.1974) – Republican

38. Gerald Ford (9.08.1974-20.01.1977) – Republican

39. Jimmy Carter (20.01.1977-20.01.1981) – Democrat

40. Ronald Reagan (20.01.1981-20.01.1989) – Republican

41. George H. W. Bush (20.01.1989-20.01.1993) – Republican

42. Bill Clinton (20.01.1993-20.01.2001) – Democrat

43. George W. Bush (20.01.2001-20.01.2009) – Republican

44. Barack Obama (20.01.2009-mandat expir in 20.01.2013) – Democrat

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The African continent is probably the most diverse and culturally rich continents on the planet.  As a result of such richness, the continent has produced some of the most beautiful women in the world.  Coming up with a top ten list of the most beautiful African women is truly a near impossible task as there are hundreds and thousands of gorgeous African girls.  Below is the list that I have come up with for the ten sexiest African women in the world.  Please note that this is not a ranking of one to ten as it would be a crime to put one over the other.  Each of them is perfectly sexy in their own personal style.  

Please also check out my the ten sexiest African men in the world.

Angel Melaku, 24, is a rapper, model, and film actress of Ethiopian descent.

Christelle Avomo, 20, is and R&B and pop song artist from Gabon.

Genevieve Nnaji, 31, is a film actress from Nigeria.

Alek Wek, 33, is a fashion model from the Sudan.

Elizabeth “Caviar” Ahmed (a.k.a. Bethany Benz) is a rap model and porn star of mixed Nigerian and Russian descent.

Flaviana Matata, 23, is a beauty queen and fashion model from Tanzania.

Honorine Uwera is a fashion model from Rwanda.

Miriam Chemmoss is an actress model and singer from Kenya.

Sera Lubowa is a model and a dancer from Uganda.

Tiguida is a fashion model from Mali.

If you liked this article, then check out these articles as well:

The Ten Sexiest African-American Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Arab Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Indian Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Russian Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Hispanic Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Brazilian Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Portuguese Women in the World

The Ten Sexiest Greek Women in the World

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This article is sponsored by Free Laptops 4 All

If you break your leg and your man doesn’t even visit you in the emergency room, that’s a problem. It shouldn’t have to come to that extreme: little signs that indicate a lack of empathy should be enough for you to know that your relationship has run its course. Need some examples? You have a bad day (and it’s written on your face) and he doesn’t ask you about it. You have a headache and he doesn’t offer you an aspirin. If you are in pain, whether physical or mental, and your man says or does nothing…that’s someone who doesn’t care about you.

2) He has become the invisible man

When you’re with someone, they should be there. If you are in a long distance relationship, that’s one thing. If your man lives across town but you hardly ever see him…that’s a sure clue that he’s just not into you anymore.

3) He becomes “Mr. X”

You used to know your man inside and out but now you don’t know what’s going on in his life. For all you know he’s changed jobs, his name, his hair-color, his sexual orientation. You can’t be in a relationship if you don’t even know the person you’re in a relationship with.

4)You can’t stand the very sight of him

You used to love his face. The cute way he smiled at you. Now…whenever you see him you want to throw up. Before, he said the cutest things. Now, if he speaks you want to slap him. Again, this may be extreme but if you don’t have an attraction to your man anymore, that’s a BIG problem.

5)No Sex

This one doesn’t include for medical reasons. This one doesn’t include those couples who had a slow sex life to begin with. This clue is for those couples that were having sex but now don’t. Depending on how long you’ve been together, a natural decrease in the frequency is normal. I’m talking about the total absence of any desire for your man. When you don’t want to have sex with your man under any circumstance,s that is a major problem.

Abnormal, to me means something that is different from the usual. This is the opinion that most of the people in this world also hold. If we look at it from a broader perspective, keeping in mind the field of psychology there are many aspects of abnormal psychology that most people are unaware of. Many people are of the view that abnormality is something that cannot be helped or cured. In reality psychological abnormality, which consists of several disorders, is something that is extremely broad and has various aspects that should be studied. My term paper will cover this branch of psychology known as abnormal psychology. It will cover exactly what abnormality is, its various causes and forms, the various perspectives towards this branch, the different form of disorders and lastly the treatments available to cure them

The term ‘abnormal’ generally means deviating from the social norms and behaviors that are acceptable in a society, to behaviors that are unacceptable and hence termed as ‘abnormal’. In the past the causes for abnormal behavior were not known and so people offered different explanations for this kind of behavior. The definition of abnormality and abnormality itself may differ across different cultures and religions One of the most common reasons for abnormal behavior from the religious point of view was the possession by evil spirits and demons. It was also said in the past that moons and stars also led to abnormal behavior. Hippocrates (350-450BC) was the first to point out the abnormality could be treated as any other disease. Today we see that on the broad spectrum of abnormal psychology there exists a wide range of disorders. These include personality disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and many more. There are many causes for the existence of these disorders and various treatments and therapies are available to help people that are suffering from these disorders.

Various perspectives are presented by different psychologists for behavior that is abnormal. The clinical perspective which is more often called the biological perspective terms mental disorders and mental illnesses. The causes of these mental illnesses are chemical imbalance, neuroanatomy and infection. Neuroanatomy states that mental illnesses develop due to ageing when there is memory loss and difficulty dealing with new situations. This occurs due to changes in higher parts of the brain and causes a defect in the anatomy of the brain which in turn results in mental illnesses. Other medical explanations point out that mental illnesses occur when there is an excess or a deficit of different chemicals. For example schizophrenics have a higher level of dopamine (a neurotransmitter) in the brain. In the past ancient Greek and Romans also attributed abnormality to chemical imbalances in the brain. Combined with these factors genetic factors also attribute to mental illnesses and abnormality. Twin studies show that twins usually have the same genes and so if one twin has a mental illness there are chances that the other twin is likely to have it too. The same can be said for people belonging to the same family. If there are several members in the family who have a mental illness there is a possibility that it can be passed on to other members of the family also. The psychodynamic or the psychoanalytical perspective developed be Freud states that abnormal behavior is due to unconscious unresolved conflicts which dated back to childhood and were responsible for disorders such as hysteria. Freud pointed out that poor early relationships and traumatic experiences in childhood resulted in psychological abnormality. He believed that childhood traumas remained in the subconscious which created emotions that could later on result in disorders. The behavioral perspective suggests that abnormal behavior can be due to ineffective learning or the inability to learn proper behavior. Cognitive perspectives shows how people perceive a certain problem, how they react and diagnose the problem and then generate a particular response. In short it is a study of mental processes. This is why abnormal behavior can be caused when a person does not perceive a particular problem properly and so his/her behavior is largely based on false assumptions and hence termed abnormal. Socio cultural factors are also responsible for the existence of abnormal behavior. As stated behavior it may differ across cultures. What is seen as normal in one culture can be seen as abnormal in another. For example anorexia and bulimia are disorders which are more likely to be found in Western cultures.

Psychology is also seen as abnormal because of the 4D’s attached to it namely deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger. A person deviates from the social norms in a society to norms that are not acceptable. The cultural values of the society are ignored and the person then turns to behavior that is now seen as abnormal. He/she is excluded from the society because of the fear that a deviant subculture might develop in that society. Distress also causes pain and discomfort which in turn leads to abnormal behavior. Dysfunctional behavior interferes with the daily routine of an individual and is abnormal. At times a person engages in dangerous behaviors which are seen as harmful to other members of the society and so the behavior then becomes abnormal behavior is classified according to the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder). It was introduced in 1952 and it said that the behavior was classified as abnormal based on the signs (observations of a patient’s physical or mental disorder), and symptoms (patient’s description of the mental disorder). The DSM-1V-TR is further classified into 5 axis.

·         Axis 1-particular clinical syndromes

·         Axis 2-personality disorders

·         Axis 3-general medical conditions

·         Axis 4-Psychosocial/environmental factors

·         Axis 5-global assessment of functioning

Though the DSM model is of significance there are issues regarding reliability and validity which leads to some disadvantages of this model. Firstly the DSM is anchored in American system of values and does not give preference to other cultures. It does not account for variations in cultures and the differences in systems of disorders among different cultures. Secondly it also fails to take into account etiological factors that influence a disorder. The DSM sacrifices validity for the sake of reliability and it also looks at the surface phenomena while ignoring other phenomena that result in psychological abnormality.

An important point that should also be taken into account is the difference between physical and mental abnormality. Physical abnormality consists of deformations in any part of the person’s body that makes him/her different from others and they are hence seen as abnormal. An example of this can be conjoined twins. Though these people are perfectly normal intellectually it is their physical abnormality that makes them different from other people. Mental abnormality is different from physical abnormality in the sense that people with such abnormality lag behind intellectually but have no physical deformity. Such individuals suffer from anxiety depression and other forms of stress as they believe that they are not accepted in a particular society because of being physically or mentally abnormal. Also at times the family offers lack of support to these individuals which further become a source of distress and depression for them. The individuals feel neglected and so are subjected to certain disorders such as eating disorders and depression. These people then need help to overcome these disorders and so are referred to different psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors etc

Many forms of treatment are available for these individuals. One of then is psychotherapy which enables the therapists to come into contact with an individual and help them live a normal life. These people are then given a hope that their life can change. Psychodynamic therapies included dream analysis to help people look into the unconscious conflicts and solve them. Behavioral therapy involves helping people to change their behavior through exposure, social learning skills and other relaxation techniques which enables them to lead a normal life. Apart from these individual therapies there are group therapies too in which individuals come into contact with people who are suffering from the same disorder as them. They then have the mutual support of each other, and this helps them recover more easily and much faster than individual therapy. Apart from these there are various other methods that are used to help these patients. They are treated medically with medicines to help like anti depressant, antipsychotic drugs and tranquillizers which help them recover from disorders. Hospital based care is also extremely effective in today in which patients are treated extremely carefully and all efforts are taken to help the patients live a normal healthy life.

Thus in my opinion psychological abnormality is a branch of psychology that should be studied in detail and should not be ignored. There are people all over the world who suffer from some form of abnormality or other disorders. At times these disorders can be cured easily if the right treatment or therapy is available for the patient the right time. Every individual should make sure that people suffering from psychological abnormality are not discriminated against and that they are treated fairly in society. Levels of abnormality and what is “normal” or “abnormal” differ from culture to culture depending on the values and belief systems of that society. I think that every culture and society should make an effort to help these individuals to make them lead a normal healthy life. This can be done if every person adopts a positive attitude toward them

As Carl Rogers said:

·         “When I look at the world I’m pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic.”

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Marijuana is a huge issue worldwide. Just the relaxation that smokers get from it does even out against breaking the law and harming their body. Marijuana has the potential to severely damage the human body and mind in just one joint (a joint is a fairly small quantity of marijuana served in a cigar type roll). Many marijuana smokers put themselves and their surroundings in danger. Marijuana is an illegal drug and is commonly abused by smokers. Thus it has caused an insane number of crashes and accidents in the past few years. Marijuana is also one of the most disturbing hallucinogens. There are many marijuana smokers who know they made a mistake by trying it out in the first place. Nobody else has to make the same mistake. The choice is theirs.

Marijuana is a very deadly substance that will cause severe damage to the human body and mind. Marijuana is clearly much worse than alcohol. While alcohol contains only one known chemical, marijuana contains over 460. This number increases to 2000 when it is smoked. It also harms the mind by distorting time and images causing the smoker to be extremely confused and unaware of what really is going on. Marijuana also acts on the body as a central nervous system depressant. This means it won’t function as well as it should due to the stress given from the depressant. One joint of marijuana has the potential to cause change in sensory perception. This means that the smoker will receive a heightened sense of smell, taste, touch, sound and hearing. This can be harmful after the effect wears out for the smoker will feel discomforted and incapable of things; it will increase their desire for more. Marijuana is well known for making you ‘high’ – this can alter the way you think and act. An addicted marijuana smoker suffers from all of these issues and even more to try to end the smoker’s satisfaction.

Marijuana smokers will get into multiple severe crashes or accidents over time even from receiving the slightest addiction. Studies show that the average marijuana smoker has crashed a vehicle or has got into a big fight at least once a year. In 2001 an estimated 38000 senior high school students in the United States had reported that they have driven and crashed a vehicle under the influence of marijuana. Now imagine if everybody in the world smoked marijuana; a normal human being could probably see the outrageous number of people that would die of overdose, crashes, fights and stupidity! Smokers are most likely to crash a vehicle from smoking marijuana since all abusers inhale a 4-6 hours driving impairment. Marijuana can cause hallucinations, fantasies and paranoia (paranoia is a mental derangement that may cause an abnormal tendency to suspect and mistrust others). Marijuana also influences the inability to concentrate and the dulling of attention. Marijuana smokers are the only ones to blame – they should know it’s coming.

Marijuana is one of the most terrifying drugs in the category of hallucinogen. It is more physically and physiologically addictive than the other hallucinogens. It causes a decreased appetite (forces you to not eat as much food as usual). It occasionally generates multiple mood swings. Marijuana also produces intoxication, disorientation and impaired memory. It also corrupts and defaces the respiratory and/or cell development systems. Overdose can lead to a ‘burnout’ (the term for the burning feeling inside of the stomach along with all the other effects marijuana causes).

Marijuana is a very deadly chemical that all humans should not take and be aware of. It is painful to know that anyone smokes marijuana. It disturbs the smoker and anyone who deeply or even slightly cares about that person. It may even be harder to know that a loved one smokes pot (‘pot’ is the street name for marijuana). Many people smoke marijuana but they probably don’t know half of the facts about it. A very important detail most have never looked into is probably the fact that four out of five teens don’t smoke marijuana; more than half of the fifth that do; deeply regret it!

2. About twice a week I make a solution of water with bleach, not a lot of bleach, I put it in a spray bottle and spray all my counters, grab a white dishcloth and wipe them dry. This keeps my counter tops sparkling clean.

3. I don’t even hate window cleaning so much doing it this way. I make a solution of vinegar and water, not a lot of vinegar, put it in my spray bottle and spray one window at a time. Then I crumple up newspaper and wipe it dry. Works perfectly, no smudges or lint. While you have your vinegar solution out, spray anywhere mold might grow such as grout around the bathtub . And clean your mirrors the same way.

4.Another thing I hate is cleaning the refrigerator but it’s easier and takes less time when you don’t have spills to clean up. To take care of that, I put wax paper underneath the vegetable drawers to catch any spills. I put a layer of paper towels on the wax paper, no scrubbing to do.

5.Don’t use too much soap when you mop your floor. It leaves your floor cloudy and not looking its best. Too much soap also attracts dirt. Instead of soap use hot water with a little vinegar or bleach in the water.

6. It helps keep dirt out if you have a good heavy mat at each door. It helps even more if you can get the family to take their shoes off at the door. Good luck with that. My family always managed not to do it.

7. Keep a hand held vacuum plugged up and ready. When you see crumbs or dust on the floor you can grab it quickly and clean up. Your floor will look cleaner longer and you won’t have to get out your big vacuum as often.

8. If you have kids have them pick up their rooms before they go to bed at night and make up their beds when they get up in the morning. That alone, will save you cleaning time. They might complain but explain that it’s their responsibility and if they fail, to expect a deduction from their allowance. They will soon fall in line.

9. When you start to clean a room, if you start in the far corner from the door and work from top to bottom you will save steps and time.