With regard to unnatural causes, include EU agriculture and industry as the most human activities have affected the soils of the earth’s surface. Among the first is the search for arable land and its subsequent exploitation, resulting in the removal of existing vegetation and, ultimately, sterility of the soil. The loss of the vegetation and bare soil exposure decreased the water absorption capacity, due to increased runoff, and increase the surface albedo (reflection of sunlight from the ground in all directions). The increase in albedo negative effect on cloud formation, decreasing therefore rainfall. The clearing of forests for soil cultivation, widely practiced throughout the world, is rapidly decreasing the amount and area of ​​woodland, especially in the tropics, and is changing the surface characteristics of large areas of the Earth .

Another practice that entails the destruction of the vegetation is overgrazing. It is normal in these activities deforestation and woodland arson in order to extend the grazing areas. Also the introduction of grazing causes massive loss of vegetation, because they prevent natural regeneration of plant species.

Industrial activities make up another large group of human practices provoking global desertification of the planet. They affect preferably on the essential elements of climate, unlike the previous ones, whose effects are felt mainly in soils. There are two main consequences arising from the industrial processes involved in the general erosion of the planet, acid rain and the greenhouse effect. Acid rain has become more industrialized areas of the world, the main source of pollution, deforestation can produce large masses of vegetation. In Germany, for example, acid rain is responsible for the loss of half the forests in the most industrialized areas. Moreover, the greenhouse effect has been shown in recent years as the primary cause of global warming, and therefore processes desertification that this entails. The greenhouse effect arises from the excessive emission of certain types of gases, especially CO2, which are suspended in the atmosphere, forming a layer that allows input of radiation from outer space but not out, because when it hits the surface ground and re-projecting outwardly are unable to penetrate the layer of gas, thus producing a gradual warming of the atmosphere. CO2 emissions may occur naturally, but in recent years the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere has been so high that is associated with modern industrial processes and excessive burning of fossil fuels. Scientists have calculated that the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere has been 15% during this century, and today the rate of increase is 0, 33% annually. With these data, concludes that the atmosphere is exposed to excessive heat, which is causing climate change that favors the processes of desertification of large areas of Earth. Of course, the most likely to be affected are those with a relative degree of aridity or semi-arid.

The process of desertification affected areas of all continents: North and South Mediterranean basin, sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Australia, etc.. It is estimated that the extent of land affected by this problem is over 34,000,000 km2. To tackle it is necessary from all over the world in the implementation of conservation policies, whose implementation, however, is hampered by the current dynamics of the global economy. Measures such as controlling emissions of gases into the atmosphere, the reforestation programs of forest or agricultural development policies that take into account the regeneration of the land, are essential to prevent further spread of desertification by the Earth. However, the results of these are unlikely to be significant in the short term.

With recent discoveries of more and more planets in the solar system and beyond, the hope of first contact with an alien species may soon be brought into reality.  One can only imagine that first meeting of two distinctly different intelligent species.  The hope is that it is a meeting of peace and goodwill, not a meeting of eminent destruction of one over the other.  As mankind attempts to conceptualize that fateful day there is one question that might deserve a bit more contemplation.

If interstellar space travel is proven possible by the arrival of an alien species on earth, will mankind be advanced enough to prove worthy of first contact?  When alien visitors arrive will they know who is the dominant species on this planet?  This may seem a ridiculous, but if and alien visitor were to look at earth at first glance what would he see?

The species of man, or human, would appear to have the upper hand with an intelligence exhibited through his creations of massive cities, waterways, modes of transportation and social behavior.  Upon a second look, an outside visitor would also see massive acts of destruction and warfare among the humans while the lesser beasts of the world seemed to live more peacefully among each other.  Lesser animals do show distinctive social behavior not unlike that of humans and unique methods of communication amongst themselves.  These animals kill to survive and not for the mere act of killing.

So, who would an alien visitor favor of first contact?  An argument might be that such intelligent creatures probably went through the same social problems that we as humans experience every day.  These include hunger, war, murder and genocide.  But, what if somehow they managed to advance as a species without undergoing such a tragic upbringing?  If these visitors have had no such experience then would they not shun first contact with the human species?

Perhaps man and humankind need to go where no man has gone before to a world of social harmony leaving behind a past of intense social disruption and chaos.  If mankind were to go there first, then maybe, maybe mankind would be prepared, not only to accept new visitors, but to visit beyond seeking out new species in many forms throughout the universe.  To go somewhere is easy, but to go prepared might require a bit more training and preparation.

That the birds never nibble-

more than they need-

Never stock,

No hoarding,

Take as much as it needs!

Do they fight-

Yes, if the food is not enough,

Do they call their freings and folks?

Yes when plenty is seen, or more than it needs.

Human being never share like birds-

We are intelligent to grab for future,

for me and all mine-

Human is brilliant and the best of the creatures-

We dare, we fear, and we care-

Only self interests.

We never call others if see plenty,

Yes we fight when it’s going to be empty!

Greeds makes us intelligent-

or vice a versa?

I wonder!

Who are the more human !

People are familiar with mammals. Mammals are broken into subcategories, but not to go into depth, think about your environment. Cats and dogs are popular mammals. Birds are not mammals, but rats, raccoons, cattle, goats and squirrels are. The statement “people are familiar with mammals” is plausible, but for it to be truthful people cannot be used in generalization. People have ability to inhabit regions where fish, snakes, and reptiles are the most prolific species with the exception of the human presence.

You should know there are many creatures and you definitely should think your planet is very remarkable. Being a mammal requires adult supervision and monitoring. Education is the way in the mammalian groups. As people, you should have the knowledge or you should know that conditions in coincidence make facts. Things that happen are factual and the facts in almost all cases have no relationship with the truth. Most facts are statistic samples leading you to study for better ways. It is the nature of people to learn from their mistakes. Truths are not conditional or incidental, but facts can be. People talk in truisms using facts, and this is just another fact.

In journalism, reporters to stick to the facts. It is commonly said, but that is a lie. Reporter incorporate facts into their language to influence you. If a report was given “at 0900 hours on February 27, 2012 a blue 1999 Corolla went off Rt. 109’s bridge crossing Peewee Creek killing the male driver and the two female passengers aboard.” That is a factual statement. Futuristic statements about investigations can be factual or they can be fiction. They are in progress or have not happened so they are not facts.  Without gossip the stories would be less interesting should reporters not speak of postulated activities. Gossip is a social function between human beings and people can’t communicate without a small amount of speculation. It is in human ingenuity.

You make choices in your life, but you have external influences. Television reporters are representatives of the media network to make money. Usually they don’t live a block over and they are not your neighbor. You are not having a casual or heated conversation on your back porch, however the greater populations attitudes are adjusted through TV. News.  It is one source you rely on to make your decisions. You watch and listen to one sided conversations more than interacting with people. You don’t need to leave your couch. It is OK, if you don’t get the point. You don’t have a built in people scanner. TV shows are exactly that — shows, and editorials are shows amplified with personal feelings. This is a social touch between people, but for reporting, the reporters are to take a neutral position. We know a neutral state doesn’t really exist and journalists have a little leeway in their writings and presentations. If they didn’t have a broad gray area, you wouldn’t pay attention to them. In peoples organizations you require a social well-being, and TV shows are now your substitute with your home sense of security.

When you security is in doubt you will listen to the news more intensely. You are now ready to act to secure your well-being. Broadcasts delivering doubt are meant for your reaction to political events.  It is a method to solicit your approval.  You would not approve the happenings if you were completely comfortable. Most of your Constitutional Amendments were based on the doubt.  The people are doubting Thomas-es and this has changed your Constitution to undefinable bureaucratic mess.

Having mastered those two little detail, let us now explore two other things you can go that can ensure your GOING HOME WITH YOUR MAN each time, every time… and making it last.

Rule #3: Understand Love

Love is when a guy cares for you and you care for him back; love is when you can’t wait from the instant you part until you can see each other again. Love is when you can’t keep your hands (or mouths) off of each other; or when you can’t stop exchanging gifts, because you care that much for each other. Right?

WRONG!!!

Love is a decision, a choice… and the actions you take because of it. Too often you find an average woman thinking or believing that love has anything to do with how you feel about the other guy. But this is a hugely dangerous premise because if love were a feeling, it would be doomed to fail – just like all those other human feelings and emotions that change with the circumstance, or that get sated. Hunger, anger, fear, pleasure… all these are fleeting human stimuli that are no more than mere secretion of chemicals in the body. The emotions are gone the instant the chemicals stop flowing. It would be such a shame basing an entire life on a choice that was made based on a fluid that flowed for a brief and passing moment in the human body. Love is supposed to last forever has got to be a lot more than that.

Love is when you consider all the pluses and minuses to be had in your man, and you DECIDE that you are going to be with him whether they add up or not. Love is when everything adds up wrong and you CHOOSE to still be in that relationship/marriage irrespective of the science behind it. Love is going the distance despite the hurts or challenges you may encounter along the way. Love is knowing that the same man who makes you most happy and so starry-eyed today WILL one day hurt you so badly you’d could kill him and then yourself; love is knowing that when that day comes you will still OPT to go on with it. Love is committing that you are going to be by his side through thick and thin, and you are going to help him be all that he can be!

It’s heavy, I know, but its truth. Love is courage; love is faith; love is IN SPITE OF, not BECAUSE OF; love is strength. This is why genuine love cannot fail, because it looks out for the bad times and the failures and deals with them when they occur, not quitting.

You do not have to “give it up” to every guy you spend the time of day with, but you need to at least love them a little. The average person on the street will consider it giving too much of yourself, but I call it stooping to conquer, since you are stronger and better because of it… And when you do decide to be with that someone, your marriage/relationship is going to be that much stronger because of it.

Rule #4: Learn To Forgive

You know, when you don’t forgive someone, you aren’t hurting them; you’re hurting you. Really, they go around not knowing that you’re having such misgivings about them, sometimes not even knowing that you still exist at all. Sometimes, such folks actually know that they have hurt you and go around proud or unhappy about it, but the sad part is that you actually still use up all of your energy holding on to all that negative emotion, hurting the people around you because you have chosen not to forgive. And so you find it impossible to learn how to trust again. It drains you – unforgiveness; it makes you bitter and difficult to be or have around. But if instead you understand that the other person is human and they are bound to make mistakes at some point – just as you are human also and bound to make your own mistakes as well – you’ll be able to let go of all ills, big or small. This way, your relationships will not have to hit the rocks every time one of you hurts the other. Simple, controversial… but true.

There are a truckload of other dos and don’ts anyone can come up with, but I’d be surprised if any of them trump these simple truths. The problem is we keep trying to be smart and independent, moral and upright; but if humanity has proven anything about these things over the course of history, it’s that smart and moral tend to fail, but sacrificial doesn’t.

I am a guy; and possibly my views may not be views you readily agree with, but if you gave them a try they just might work for you as they have for my wife and I. I used them with her and they worked; I USE them with her and they work! And I guarantee that if you are sincere about bearing these words in mind with a view to doing the right thing, you will end up GOING HOME WITH YOUR MAN each time, every time!

But what about more abstract ideas? I think especially in this time, due to our technological advancements, of age everything is possible. For example YOU only know that YOU are alive and are just inferring that everyone else is also. STOP i know what your thinking “this guys crazy”. But think about it what if this whole world is made specifically for you? Or perhaps this is a simulation. A simulation that lets you experience life so when you come out of it you know the knowledge of a lifetime, meanwhile still in a child’s body. Great movie idea huh. Think about how insane people believe what is happening remember the brain is capable of anything. Or perhaps we are all the same all the EXACT same entity only changed by genetic differences and different events that take place to you. Picture this, If you take twins and they where identical in their genes no variation what so ever a clone so to speak. Then you take these two people and run them through life with the same exact events taking place. Shouldn’t they respond in the same manner? If they do what does it same about life that we are just like animals we respond to our environment in order to survive. You can say that then why do people kill themselves? The simple explanation can be that in their minds they believe that life on earth is worse then death and they think that the only way for their soul to survive happily is to rid of the pain.

However you take this whether you think that this is bogus and impossible then you go to church or go play on your Ipads. Think about how abstract an Ipad it how you can read, write, and watch movies all in a small portable device. Also that you are going to worship something that no one truly knows exists. So once again are these inquiries truly outrageous.

It’s possible you’ll feel afraid upon keying in a relationship. You may get overwhelmed on its good and the bad. But our relationship is in addition a fundamental source with learning. The quality in the relationship deeply influences the hopefulness had to remain curious and prepared to take new experiences and the proportions to see connections and meanings. In the commencing you met. Somehow, the universe crossed your path with internet websites the toothbrush that sits adjacent to yours. Early in ones relationship, there was small talk along with the getting-to-know-each-other jitters. Perhaps you each described delivering people in your activities, spiritual beliefs, books, popular music and movies you’ve really enjoyed.

An emotional door opened and ever more information flowed. You find out about each other’s likes, disfavors, passions and interests. You felt comforted by way of the discovery that your views in the world are aligned. You started to feel like kindred mood. The emerging relationship seemed emotionally safe and gave that you a greater sense of safety measures and belonging. That is a time you step into another amount of relationship. Familiarize with what I’m dealing with. Watch The game Season 5 Episode 5: Drink, Pray, Love online.

Image by paukrus via Flickr

A short reflection of what had happened:

The Titanic, the biggest ocean liner at that point in time, left Europe for its maiden voyage to New York, where it never arrived. The last port of call was Queenstown in Ireland, a town which is called Cobh today. From there it turned to the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean at the 10. April 1912. Only two days later, the massive ocean liner hit an iceberg and sank, killing a total of 1517 of the 223 people, who had originally boarded the ship.

Image via Wikipedia

What we should have learned from the Titanic disaster, are primarily two avoidable risks:

First, and foremost, and regardless of what some people might say, a ship can be built too big. Beginning from certain dimensions and weight, the ship becomes very hard to manoeuvre and to steer. Mass inertia is proportional to the mass of a body, and it basically means, that the ship will carry on in a straight line for one or two minutes, until it moves its nose into the right direction after the manoeuvre has been initiated from the rudder. And once again, the mass has a negative effect by increasing the force of the impact. According to the Einstein formula, the resulting force is the bodies mass multiplied with its acceleration to the power of 2. It goes without saying that rescuing a large number of people would also be a much tougher task than the passengers of a smaller ship. And last but not least, in connection with the huge dimensions, the number of life boats attached to the hull of the vessel proved insufficient. All of these details are linked to the excessive dimensions.

Image by The Library of Congress via Flickr

The second risk factor, which comes up again and again in different ship accidents, is the factor of human error. Didn’t other ships warn the Titanic crew of icebergs they had seen? Didn’t the captain of the Titanic, Captain Smith, receive warnings from his officers, the high speed, the vessel was travelling with, would pose a risk once they got into waters with icebergs? In spite of all this, he insisted in continuing the travel with “full steam ahead” in order to beat all former records for ship travel from Europe to America during the ships maiden voyage. This way, he wanted to make it into the news of all important media. As it showed, the vessels speed was also a factor in the collision, which worsened the outcome, and made the collision even more severe.

Image via Wikipedia

So many people died, and for what? In other means of transport, there is already a lot of security systems installed, which avoid human errors widely, like the auto pilot and the radar controlled landing of planes, or the on board train driver control systems on board of high speed trains, which automatically slow down the train, or bring it to a halt if certain action is not taken by the driver in time. Why can’t something like this be installed on board of ships as well? It certainly would save many lives otherwise claimed by the ever so hungry sea.

There is more as well. The single mothers that are on “government cheese” because they can’t afford to take care of a child on their own or were forced not to get an abortion. You would be surprised how many single mothers I know that loathe or resent their children. Once again that is one of the many reason I am for abortion. A child deserves a loving parent or parent(s) and if that can’t be given than the woman should have the choice to abort.

Anyway, I have more views coming but this is what I have for now. And it is a mess of thoughts mainly because I was typing it as I was thinking it. More of my views on things are coming soon…

            Cloning is one of the world’s many wonders but have you ever thought how such a procedure would have come up? Dolly is one of the world’s most scientific breakthroughs. She was the sheep that shocked the world. According to Tina Kafka, Ian Wilmut and his team tried 276 times before they were able to clone the sheep we know today as Dolly (6). So what makes her so special? Even though Dolly was the first cloned mammal to be naturally born what was the process behind it? Now nearly every person thinks a clone is made out of some mysterious machine or just some simple man made object made in a tube. But they are also very wrong. Clones are just simply DNA that is extracted from nearly any part of the body. Scientists extract the DNA and manipulate the nucleus in the cell . Now once that has been done they will then starve the cell of nutrients. Once the cell is starved they will then implant it into a egg/embryo. If the cell takes to the egg the egg will then go through a normal reproduction and division of cells (Cohen 32). Just like a normal animal would do if it was impregnated by normal means. Now what about Dolly? Dolly went through the exact same process at one point. Her DNA actually comes from her own mother/sister udder skin. But is she without her flaws? Cloning is it ethical, but what are some advantages and disadvantages of it? According to the book Cloning published by David Bender there are also some ethical concerns to cloning included is a quote about cloning sheep. Bender states,

The cloning of an adult sheep is an incredible achievement, but many questions remain before this scientific advance will have practical benefits for humans. Ethical questions must be considered and addressed before human cloning research is permitted, but animal-cloning research should not be banned (54).

Many people have grasped the thought of cloning but many of them have also addressed the concerns of the ethics along with it. Many scientists look at cloning as a new way to produce organs and maybe someday life curing vaccines. But also to many people, mainly the hard going church goers, cloning is an abomination and should not be allowed because humans are trying to commit the act of God by creating new organisms out of nothing. These people also argue that if a person can clone another organism are they no better than God himself? Even though we are at this point cloning animals, scientist would maybe consider cloning humans down the road and that’s what most people claim is unethical, the cloning humans.

The process of cloning humans is similar to the one for animals. So if a human is cloned it will be born as a baby. Why is this so bad? The main reason why humans would want to clone another human is simple. A lot of people think if you clone a human that clone will have all the memories of the person it came from. They are also very wrong. In order for that clone to have the same memories or physical body of the person they derived from they would have to grow up in the same environment as the person they were cloned from (Cohen 46). But really why would that be so bad? Would it be that the clone had no biological father or mother? Would it be that the clone was some freak of nature that the government would envy and give special attention to? Why is it that people fear human cloning over animal cloning? The main fear of human cloning is that some crazed scientist would create super humans or an all-powerful race and take over the world. Now this idea comes from a book called The Boys from Brazil which talks about a scientist who manages to create 94 clones of the infamous dictator Adolf Hitler from cells he contributed before his death in World War II (Nardo, Cloning 4-5). To many other people cloning would violate one’s dignity. So as you can see there are many ideas or theories to the ethics of cloning. Bender further states, that there are some other advantages to cloning,

The common reactions to the prospect of human cloning are revulsion and fear but these feelings are based on deeper concerns.Though reproductive technologies have been applauded in the past because they produce children, cloning is different. Cloning assaults the distinctive genetic individuality of humans in a way that other reproductive technologies do not (Cloning 17).

So advantages of cloning has come to our attention in many different ideas. One advantage that scientist have thought that could come out of cloning is we could create healthier animals. Farmers who raise livestock always want to look to new ideas to increase their herd health. So how would cloning help the farmer? For example, mastitis is a bacterial inflammation of the udders of cows. Through cloning scientist are hoping to work with cows genetics and reduce the susceptibility of obtaining mastitis (Nardo, Cloning 49). Recently researchers have also started using cloned animals to treat disease. By breeding cloned animals with normal animals the offspring get the gene to resist diseases. By using these cloned animals to treat these diseases, we are learning of new ways to treat human illnesses too. For example, pharming is the combination of farming and pharmaceutical’s and the harvesting of the drugs it produces. In a case of hemophilia, which is when the blood does not clot properly, cloning has become advanced enough that scientists some day think it will eliminate this disease with the help of cloned animals.

But of course, there are also some disadvantages to cloning and it seems that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. One main disadvantage is that consumers are unsure of consuming cloned animal meat because some fear that with its altered genes it may alter the nutritional properties or even the safety of the food itself. They fear that the foreign gene may inactivate or activate another gene that would cause toxins or allergenic food materials out of cloned animals (Houdebine 184). There are also some laws that tie in along with cloning. According to Joseph Panno’s book Animal Cloning,  there are certain laws in European Union which allow human cloning but won’t allow those clones to be used as research (Panno 76). Many people argue that cloning humans would be pointless because then those clones of  people wouldn’t have a normal life. They wouldn’t have a normal life because they technically would only have one parent and that parent would technically be their sister/mother or vise versa depending on the sex of the clone. So in short it’s a disadvantage to the clones themselves because they would probably become emotionally unstable due to lack of parental support and society would look at them a whole different way (Panno 76).

            The ethics of cloning are enough to persuade people to frown upon it. Would it be OK to clone animals but not humans? “Just because you can doesn’t mean you should.” (Goodreads). Look at the case of Dolly. She was made to start a better breeding program for animal agriculture. According to this quote from the book Cloning Ian Wilmut states,

Human cloning research is ethically unacceptable due to the numbers of embryos that would be killed in such experiments. However, animal cloning research should be allowed because it is ethical and can help scientist invent biomedical treatments for humans with serious diseases, produce organs for animal-to human organ transplants, and create healthier, more disease resistant livestock (Cloning 49).

So as you can see there are still concerns on whether any type of cloning is ethical or not, meanwhile animals are still being cloned.

Work Cited

Cloning. San Diego: David Bender, 1998.

Cohen, Daniel. Cloning. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, Inc., 1998.

Goodreads. 2011. 2011. 16-December .

Houdebine, Louis-Marie. Animal Transgenesis and Cloning. Dunod: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001.

Kafka, Tina. Cloning. Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2008.

Nardo, Don. Cloning. Farmington Hills: Blackbirch Press, 2003.

Panno, Joseph. Animal Cloning. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005.