Population:  12 million

Paris is the capital and largest city of France and one of the largest urban areas in Europe. It sits on the Siena River. It had been the largest city in the Western world for about 1,000 years, prior to the 19th century, and the largest in the entire world between the 16th and 19th centuries.

 Paris is a global city and is one of the world’s leading business and culture centers and exerts strong influence in global politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts and is especially influential in the fashion industry. All of this makes Paris an important center for the global economy.  It is also considered one of the greenest and most livable cities in Europe in addition to being one of world’s most expensive cities.

 The city is a level three “command center” for the global economy and produces more than a quarter of the gross domestic product for France and is the Paris metropolitan area GDP trails only Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and London as the largest urban area GDP.  Attracting about 42 million tourists annually makes Paris the most visited city in the world.

 The earliest archaeological signs of permanent settlements in the Paris area date from around 4200 BC. It became part of the Roman Empire in 52 BC and expanded greatly over the following centuries, becoming a prosperous city with a forum, palaces, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheater. After the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions in the 5th Century the city slipped into a period of decline. In the 9th Century it was invaded by Vikings, who sacked and plundered the city. The city was hit by Black Death in 1348, killing as many as 40,000 and then in 1466 it was hit by the Great Plague which killed about the same number. After temporarily losing its position as capital as France, it regained that status in 1528. In March 1814 the city was occupied by Russian, British and German forces after Napoleon’s defeat. Cholera later hit the city in 1832, claiming 20,000 lives. During the Industrial Revolution Paris thrived and entered a period of rapid development. The Eiffel Tower opened and would remain the world’s tallest building until 1930. The Paris Metro opened in 1900.  Although Paris escaped invasion by Germany during World War I, the Germans succeeded in World War II and for four years, the city was occupied by Germany. It was liberated in August 1944 by American forces. During the late 1900’s and early 2000’s Paris underwent a major building boom, adding many skyscrapers to its downtown area.

According to Adam Smith, the market system keeps the balance between self-interest and competition. He noticed that the market system has the power to correct by itself, with no one having to interfere. However, this “self-regulating” system only worked during his time, where no big corporations or unions interfered.

Self-interest is basically greed. One would try to make profit from others by raising the price of a single item. Competition is somewhat a rival for those greedy people. Adam Smith realized that in the market system, these two play the most basic roles in propelling the system and productivity. “The consumer tends to buy from the man who sells cheaper.” If a man tries to make more profit than his competitors, that man would lose his buyers to the others, thus making no profit at all. The market system is made so that it is difficult to make an outrageous gain from a single product. The competitors would try their best to keep their prices low, so they get more customers than the other competitors, and can only raise the prices if all the manufacturers come with a conclusion to raise the price altogether.

Adam Smith also saw through the laws of the market system that not only does it control competition, it also controls the society’s demands for the quantities of the product. If the buyers want a certain item more than another, the price of the first item would rise because the production cannot keep up with the demand. As the first item’s price rises, the second item’s price drops because it doesn’t sell. The first item will then be produced more until it meets the society’s demand, returning it to the normal price, while the second item will halt production so that they don’t overproduce from the society’s demand. As the second item’s demand rises, so does the price, bringing it back up. The market system runs on its own, with no one interfering.

Not only does the market system control the production of items, it also controls the population.  If the wages are high, more people would work. Higher production would produce higher wages, which then gathers more workers. If the workers have a job, they have money, which allows people to survive. People can pay for food and medicine, allowing them to live. On the other hand, if the wages are low, less people would work. If the workers don’t have a job, they don’t have money, and the population decreases.

Smith observed that society is a giant endless chain. As the manufacturers gain profit, they will use that profit to increase their facilities and raise the wages for the workers. As wages rise, it seems that further accumulations are unprofitable. However, the workers would be able to spend that money for their children, which create even more jobs. What Adam Smith did not predict was the Industrial Revolution, which marked the beginning of big corporations that controls the entire market for a certain product, which can shift the whole market system.

Adam Smith was able to describe in detail what we experience in everyday life, so common that we don’t realize such laws exist in the market system. His discoveries about self-interest and competition enabled him to plant the basic structure for our economy today.

The Industrial Revolution was, in my opinion, one of the best things that could have happened to this country. Like so many other major changes in history, it had countless effects on various aspects of society. Unlike many other changes, most of the effects brought about by the industrial revolution were for the better. This essay will cover four areas in which the Industrial Revolution affected America; economically, socially, politically, and morally.

Although America was still in deep debt to foreign powers, they were at first reluctant to embrace the Industrial Revolution. When they did however, they found it incredibly beneficial to their economy. The Revolution was able to cut down the time that it took to make products, thus allowing people to buy more of them. This helped America’s damaged economy, boosting it up when they needed it most.

From a social viewpoint, the Industrial Revolution was, for lack of better term, wonderful. Society seemed to be improving drastically, both from the inventions that made day to day life easier, and the enlightened artistic achievements that made life more enjoyable. Great strides in the fields of technology, literature and medical knowledge have always been hallmarks of a great society, and if the accomplishments ours made during the Industrial Revolution was any indication, we were on that path.

The political system, as well as the group of individuals who oversaw it, were affected for the better by the Industrial Revolution. Because of the boost in the nation’s economy, we could pay off our debts faster, and also use the money to establish a more stable government. The United States had been successful thus far; still, it had only recently become an independant government, and still had some improvements to make. As for the people running the politcal system, my only comment is this: if history has proven anything, it’s that politicians love it when their people are happy, as long as this happiness occurs while they are in office. The time period that we call the Industrial Revolution was one of the happier ones in American history. Society was thriving because of the changes that the revolution had brought about, and the political figures who had accepted the reason for that change were likely viewed as heroic by the masses.

Now this last category is going to be a bit difficult to speak on, primarily because I don’t really think that the Industrial Revolution affected anyone morally. A moral code is very individualized, with each person having a different set of values. The lesson spoke briefly on “Republican Virtues”, but these weren’t the same as morals. I feel that, to truly get an understanding of what morals were like in that time period, we would have to have lived back then.

All great changes affect something major in our lives; that is what classifies them as great changes. The Industrial Revolution was, without a doubt, under that category. It had impacted the culture of the United States in many ways, and will always be remembered as a turning point in both our history, and that of the world.

The details Technology revolution has changed the face area on the workplace recently, the actual, and, with new technological advances evolving rapidly, for that foreseeable future. ciw certification  This poses the identical style of threat that machinery posed through the industrial revolution, theoretically the machines are units of production that far outweigh the capabilities of individuals.

Over the other half on the twentieth century, businesses, organizations as well as the government did start to store information about their clientele. Sensitive information about any one individuals might be stored using a database using a computer operate. Without protection they are easily accessed. Misuse and unauthorized entry to information can result in a lot of abuse, financial being the most prevalent.

Computers have become the work horse in all sectors of industry. ciw certification site  Economic incentives to exchange humans are high. Within the industrialized west, many workers have already been replaced by computerized devices, as an example: telephone operators, typists, assembly line workers, I’m sure discomfort seen computerized robots on television promotional initiatives, were they appear to make a car yourself.

Also professionals like doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants and psychologist are discovering computers is capable of doing many of the boring administrative tasks. It can be argued that computers lower worker skills and therefore degrade the products working life. Labor process theorist’s state that managers don’t like skilled workers as they are semi-autonomous. The alternative view is always that far from lowering the workforce skills, computer products demands that employees of the future will need to have a highly skilled, trained workforce through learning and re-training.

However stop worrying, the industry itself has recently generated lots of new jobs, and when there is a think of technology recruitment websites you will notice various jobs which may have to feed the giant that may be IT, hardware engineers, software engineers, systems analysts, webmasters etc. There is also this company of training people and also this involves the private and public sectors, for instance: university courses, research centers professional organizations, classes online, e packages.

Even as venture further to the modern day the advantages of a totally computer literate workforce is vital. comptia certification Computers abound; everyone who expects to take part in businesses will need to be skilled in most degree of computer products. Join many other people who are improving their skills and knowledge and to increase your probabilities of employment.

Based on to the statements above, it seems to me that beautiful photos will symbolize romantic things.To like something usually can be predicted from the self emotional. Let say, most of girls love flower pictures but boy love car or something else. What about the following pictures? Is it romantic?

Believe me, most of the girls in the world love romantic, they are the God creature who has a high touch and smooth. No wonder, they can be easily cheated with a beautiful magic words.

If the pictures can accompany the emotional thing, as we want to declare our feeling. What can we do? I don’t know for sure but I believe you can do. However I want to write a poem through the pictures and send it to my baby.

Pugin published a series of manifestos. The first had the fabulous title Contrasts, or a parallel between the noble edifices of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and similar buildings of the present day; shewing the present decay of taste (1836). He set out the book as a series of contrasting images. Each page shows a scene from the Middle Ages and one from the present. The implication is that social change is reflected in architecture.

 Pugin’s vision of a medieval town is idyllic and picturesque, but in the 19th century town the church spires are decaying or they have been replaced with factory chimneys. Christian virtues are disappearing.

 The Gothic church in the foreground has been Classicised. Pugin felt it was blasphemous for a church to be built in the Classical style because it was invented by a pre-Christian, i.e. ‘pagan’ civilisation.

 The medieval bridge has been replaced with a cast iron one.

 The town wall has been replaced with blank warehouse façades.

 In the foreground there is a prison and a lunatic asylum, which implies that the loss of religious faith has resulted in crime and insanity.

 There are some very clever details. The bridge now has a toll bar, suggesting that this is an avaricious society dedicated to making money.

Overall, Pugin was appalled by the effects of the Industrial Revolution and wanted to retreat into the Middle Ages. He was devoted to reviving medieval architecture and medieval society. Many shared this view. The Arts and Crafts movement aimed to revive aspects of pre-industrial society. So we see that industrial was a source of power, but it provoked deep anxiety within British culture.

Britain opened up channels of communication with these countries. In the 20th century, Britain experienced mass immigration from these former colonies and this was one of the factors that created today’s multicultural society. Britain now has a reputation for being uniquely tolerant and able to accommodate multi-ethnic and religious groups.

Britain’s tremendous self confidence was expressed in Victorian architecture, which became very strong and muscular. A project that expressed the might of the British Empire was the building of the Albert Memorial near the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park. Queen Victoria’s husband Prince Albert died in 1861, plunging her into a state of mourning that lasted the rest of her life. She commissioned the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott to design the Albert Memorial, which features a statue of the prince enshrined as a saint beneath a magnificent Gothic canopy.

At each corner there is a sculpture representing one of the continents over which Britain ruled. The Americas are represented by a buffalo and Native American warriors.

Asia is represented by an elephant and other ethnic types.

So the monument is an arrogant celebration of the British Empire. The series of statues around the base eulogise great figures of British culture, including Shakespeare.

          During this time, capitalism also flourished. Factory policies had little to no government regulations and the pursuit of money caused “the ultimate breakdown of the family unit.” Because people had to work so many hours of the day it resulted in less family contact. Children became sickly, had stunted growth and they received very little education. Working families also lived in the slums with very poor sanitation; infant mortality came to its peak.

          Because of the industrial revolution, classes shifted, wealth increased, and nations began assuming national identities. Even though industrialization gave England the absolute ultimate power for over a century, it still causes the rest of the world conflict and internal strife that may never come to an end.

“Impact of the Industrial Revolution.” http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/impact.html (accessed July 27, 2011).

Charles Dickens

·         Passionately opposed to the Industrial Revolution.

·         Part of the literary circle/genre/era that wrote “industrial novels,” which describing the harsh realities of child labour, the rise of machines, overpopulation, industrialization, etc.

·         His novels, Oliver Twist and Hard Times illustrate child labour hardships as well as the pollution and damage to the cities and natural greenery caused by industrialization.

·         Loss of individualism bothered Charles a lot. Humans became mere “hands” and “machines,” essentially, who were well overworked by the heartlessness of utilitarianism.

Charles Dickens and the Industrial Revolution

·         Inventions were being made, which led to factory work being more common

·         Charles’ father, John Dickens was in constant debt and was eventually led to him going to debtor’s prison

Ø  Charles was not allowed to move in with his family and forced to work in a shoe factory for a 3 years to pay off his father’s debt

·         Debtor’s prisons was a form of punishment for the English for those who could not pay their bills

·         They worked long hours and were often treated badly by the supervisors or overseers. A young child could not earn much, but even a few pence would be enough to buy food.

The Conditions of industrialization

·         Children often worked long, gruelling hours in factories and had to carry out hazardous jobs – all for the sake of productivity and expansion.

·         In match factories children, phosphorous could cause children’s teeth to rot and some died from the effect of breathing it into their lungs.

·         Children were malnourished, had to work at extremely young ages, and worked high amounts of hours each day

·         Diseases spread, and in fact more than 31,000 people died during an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Factory conditions were evidently poor.

The Factory Act

·         In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories.

·         Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible.

·          The basic act was as follows:

Ø  No child workers under 9 years of age.

Ø  Employers must have a medical or age certificate for child workers.

Ø  Children between the ages of 9-13 to work no more than 9 hours a day.

Ø  Children between ages13-18 to work no more than 12 hours a day.

Ø  Children are not to work at night.

Ø  Two hours schooling each day for children