These results obtained by Italian researchers who studied more than 100 men and women from four continents when leaving for work, eating in restaurants, and sit in the waiting room. When one volunteer to evaporate, the researchers noted whether anyone within a radius of 10 feet are infected, which evaporate in the next three minutes.

The results showed that race and gender had no effect on the urge to evaporate. But, more to evaporate due to how closely the two men. Contagious yawning is most likely to occur among family members and friends, and acquaintances.

However, this phenomenon is most common among foreigners as published in the journal PLoS ONE.

The team of researchers from the University of Pisa, Italy, concluded that yawning is contagious is driven by how close a person’s emotions. This allows us to empathize with them.

However, there are other reasons why someone yawn. We begin to “catch” yawn at the age of four or five years. Currently, children develop the ability to identify emotions with the right people around him.

The study also showed that those most vulnerable to contracting the yawn has the ability to infer what other people think of the faces of others.

Most animals, including snakes and fish yawn. However, yawning can be contagious only in humans, chimpanzees, and dogs. A separate study conducted by researchers of University of London Birbeck College, uncover, this skill allows pets like dogs building a stronger bond with their owners.

By the mid-1800s, the Italian people began to speak of fighting for a free and united Italy. Several revolutions were organized against the Austrians, who ruled Italy at that time. By 1860, Count Cavour, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, had united most of northern Italy against Austria.

The same year, the Italian patriot, Giuseppe Garibaldi, led his army of “red shirts” to victory in southern Italy. By 1870, the whole peninsula had been united as the Kingdom of Italy. The first king was Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.

Later, the Frankish king, Charlemagne, finally drove the Lombards out of Italy. He was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 A.D. by Pope Leo III. The Franks gave the pope a large area of land in central Italy. This area became known as the Papal States. The popes soon became strong enough to resist attempts by invaders to take over the Papal States.

After the death of Charlemagne, the Franks and the Germans struggled for control of Italy. In 962 A.D., northern Italy was captured by a powerful German king, Otto the Great. Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope. For the next 500 years, Italy was dominated by the Holy Roman Emperors and the popes.

By this time, many Italian cities had become important trading centers. They grew wealthy and powerful, and some became self-governing states. Among the greatest of these were Florence, Genoa, Milan, Pisa, and Venice. Genoa and Venice were ruled by powerful magistrates called doges, who were similar to today’s mayors. Wealthy merchants in the cities encouraged the work of artists and scholars. The Italian cities became the birthplace of the great movement of new ideas known as the Renaissance.

Benito Mussolini had been a revolutionary Socialist and newspaper editor before the war. He was born in Romagna province. He fought in the war and was wounded and decorated. In 1919, Mussolini founded a political organization called the Fascist Party, which violently opposed the Communists. Mussolini’s followers called him Il Duce (”the leader”). Mussolini promised the Italian people that he would make Italy strong and prosperous if his Fascist Party were elected to office.

Many Italian people believed Mussolini and supported him. On October 28, 1922, Mussolini’s followers, called the Black Shirts, marched on the city of Rome. They demanded that the king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, put Mussolini in charge of the government. The king made Mussolini prime minister.

Mussolini soon seized all power for himself and turned the Italian government into a dictatorship. He destroyed the Communist, Socialist and other political organizations, and imprisoned and tortured people who disagreed with him. But he also began a program to improve Italy’s economy. He built new roads and encouraged the growth of industry, which gave the people more jobs.

Mussolini wanted to make Italy a powerful country. He sent Italian armies to conquer Ethiopia (1935) and to help General Francisco Franco fight against the republican government in Spain (1936). World War II broke out in 1939. Mussolini finally allied Italy formally with the German side when France was near collapse (1940). When Italy was conquered by American and British troops, Mussolini tried to escape to Germany. He was captured and killed by Italian resistance fighters on April 28, 1945.

The Italian people became even poorer, and when a new leader, Benito Mussolini, promised to bring back the wealth and glory of the Roman Empire, many people supported him. Mussolini became premier of Italy in 1922. He organized a fascist government with himself as dictator. In 1936, he signed a treaty with the German dictator, Adolf Hitler. Italy, Japan and Germany were defeated by Great Britain and her allies in World War II (1939-1945), and Mussolini was killed.

In 1946, free elections were held in Italy. The people voted to end the monarchy, and Italy became a republic. The government began programs to improve the lives of the Italian people. Northern Italy became on of the most industrialised regions in Europe. But the Italian people are still split by fierce struggles between different political parties.

About 1,000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, many different tribes lived in the Italian peninsula. The most powerful people were the Etruscans. Their homeland was a region in central Italy. They conquered lands to the north and south, but were never able to take over the whole peninsula.

The Italian city of Rome succeeded where the Etruscans had failed. The Roman people not only conquered the whole of Italy, but by 27 B.C., they had also created a huge empire in Europe and the Middle East. The Roman Empire prospered for about 500 years. But in the 300s A.D., German tribes from the north began to invade the western part of the empire.

The last Roman emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, was defeated by a German barbarian, Odoacer, in 476 A.D. From that date until the mid-1800s, Italy was for the most part divided into a group of small states. These states fought continually among themselves. They found it difficult to combine, even against a foreign invader. Italy was overrun again and again by more powerful peoples from other parts of Europe.

Dictators control countries by force and destroy any opposition to their policies. They prohibit freedom of speech, of religion, and of the press. Two major dictators of the twentieth century were Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy. Dictatorships are one form of totalitarian government.

Many Communist governments could be called totalitarian. One political party dominates, and although elections are held, the people have only one candidate to vote for. The government has strong control over the daily lives of the people. The press is government controlled, and political opposition must be carried on in secret.

 Snow fell heavily in parts of Italy on Saturday, to cover the capital Romewith a covering of ice and isolated mountain villages and obstructing traffic on the roads, railways and airports across the country.

The snow which has been repeated within a few days Rome intensity not seen since the eighties to the closure of archaeological sites like the Colosseum, but allowed for touristsand residents another opportunity to see historical landmarks such as St. Peter’s Squareand the Fountain of Trevi was covered by a layer of ice.

The civil aviation authority said in a statement that in Italy Fiumicino Airport in Rome, made ​​plans to cancel half the number of flights from 1600 GMT on Saturday. And shut down a number of airports across the country or forced to reduce their work.

And cause heavy snowfall are not accustomed to many parts of Italy to block themovement of trains and roads, especially in mountainous areas where emergency services are struggling to reach isolated villages.

Residents were evacuated from homes in a number of regions of Italy for fear that leads to the accumulation of ice collapse.

Source: Reuters

Government and authorities in Italy to stop the search for survivors of lost or killed in the wreck Costa Concordia.
Italian civil protection authorities said the search was stopped because of the dangerous condition of the wreck for divers to work comfortably.
Decisions made more than two weeks after the ship sank and 15 people still missing victims informed.

As many as 32 ​​people feared killed in the crash and 17 people were found in the wreck, since the incident on 13 January.
Divers call off the search at the carcass of the giant cruise ships. We have stopped searching significantly under water in the ship said fire department spokesman Luca Carri on the island of Giglio. He explained the conditions inside the vessel is already vulnerable and not safe anymore to do a search.
And interested parties have contacted the families of missing persons and the number of foreign embassies involved to explain the decision on termination of the search for survivors.

However, the officials added that authorities will continue to look at the ships that still exists over the water and use special equipment to check the corpse on the seabed in the area about 18 kilometers around the ship sank.

Germany and France could complete their mobilizations in about two days. Italy and Austria-Hungary took four or five days. Russia took about 15 days. Each country had a separate war plan for every possible enemy. If one nation began mobilization, all others mobilized, too.

The second basic cause of the war was a gradual breakdown of agreements among the European nations and a breakdown in the balance of power among them. This was due to a lack of strong political leadership in Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary. The governments of these nations were being run by incompetent civilian ministers. Nations could no longer depend on each other and so became suspicious of each other. New alliances were made. France and Russia in particular pledged to help each other in case of war with Germany.