Annexation Crisis (1908–1909)
A diplomatic crisis occasioned by Austria-Hungary’s formal annexation of the Turkish provinces of Bosnia and Herzogovina that heightened Great Power tensions in the decade before the outbreak of World War I.
Adrianople Treaty (1829)
The peace treaty ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. The war’s proximate cause was the sinking of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet at Navarino in October 1827. The fleet was moored there in support of operations that aimed at suppressing the Greek revolt in the Morea.
Cyprus’ Struggle for Freedom
How Cyprus bid to free itself from hundreds of years’ of occupation before the Turkish invasion in 1974.
How Bakers in Vienna Invented the Croissant
The Austrian success in the siege of Vienna in 1683 not only saved Western Civilization as we know it, but gave us the croissant.
European Contact with Early Islamic Empires
Out of the Mongolian Empire arose three Islamic dynasties. These were the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires.
