The most charming parts were fodder provided by the fabulous screen writing and brought to electric life by Ioan Gruffudd as impassioned Wilberforce, Benedict Cumberpatch as driven and farseeing William Pitt, P.M., Romola Garai as Wilberforce’s zesty and feisty wife Barbara and the surprisingly fantastic delivery by Jeremy Swift as Ioan’s long-suffering wise butler. Jeremy has a way of delivering a comic line with a punch to your chest that bursts into laughter! Benedict and Ioan have clear chemistry as friends with a vision for the future. You can’t help but believe these two would choose to be brothers if they could. But the best and most connected relationship was between Ioan as Wilberforce and Romola as his wife. You could feel the way they were already together even while their characters were still protesting on screen.

Michael Apted riveted the audience, bringing to life politics in a way that made you wish you could run out and find a cause of your own to champion. Again, I say Oscar. I have rarely attended a movie where the audience clapped to the point of hurting their fingers with the thunder they were creating for so bloody long! Entirely throughout the actor credits the audience applauded, only varying the volume for those performances they particularly appreciated. Ioan Gruffudd, Benedict Cumberpatch, Romola Garai, Jeremy Swift, Michael Gambon, and Albert Finney.

All in all, a tour de force movie that should impact everyone with the IMPORTANCE of trying to change that which is NOT RIGHT.

   Not only were there free blacks prior to the Civil War; but some of those free blacks also owned slaves. Black slave owners and white slave owners had similar sentiments on slavery. There were just as happy to keep the institution since they benefitted from it. 

   Slavery, which is a phenonomon that happened throughout human history [slavery exised in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Persian Empire, Islamic caliphates, and in every major empire throughout history], is one of the arguments used by the left to have a redistribution of wealth through reparations, even though slavery was abolished in America 200 years ago. So there is no effective way to carry out reparations. And if so, would the black Africans from Africa and the Arabs have to pay some of that? Africans sold their fellow Africans into slavery. And Arab Muslims began the African slave trade way before Christian Europeans did. 

   And also, it’s thanks to the efforts of many white people that slavery was abolished. So actually, a closer look will show that it was a black guy [Anthony Johnson], who used the court system in Virginia to establish slavery in America so he can keep his black indentured servant John Casor and that it was thanks to many white people [Abrham Lincoln and the Union army] that slavery was abolished.

   The first African slaves ended up being indentured servants, whose status was no different than the white indentured servants from Europe. Indentured servants would serve their masters temporarily. John Casor was Johnson’s indentured servant. He tried to win his freedom, arguing that he served past his term. However, Anthony Johnson argued that Casor was his property for life. As a result, in 1654, the dispute was brought before in Northampton Country court, with the court ruling in favor of Johnson. As a result, slavery was established as a legal institution in America, with John Casor as the first slave in America.

  Slavery was eventually totally abolished in 1865 by Abraham Lincoln through the Emancipation Proclomation Act. The Emancipation Proclomation Act freed the blacks, who were slaves. However, even when slavery was legal, not all black people were slaves. Some blacks owned slaves.

   Slavery has become one of the biggest symbols of white guilt and is used by the race baiters to blood suck from the American people as part of the left’s Marxist redistribution plan. We have the blame whitey distorted history. Also, we have people like Louis Farakhan and others blaming the Jews for the slave trade. People like the racist bigoted anti-Semitc Nation of Islam [NOI] clowns go as far as to falsely claim that Jews primarily financed the slave trade due to being in the banking industry. Jews played a very small role in the slave trade. Were there some Jewish slave owners? Sure. But not all Jews owned slaves. And not all whites owned slaves. And some blacks DID own slaves. In fact, it was not a Jew, who established slavery in America. It was a black guy named Anthony Johnson, all to keep his indentured servant John Casor. 

  So to you fools, who cry racism, whitey did not impose slavery on America. A black guy named Anthony Johnson, through the court system, did. In fact, it was thanks to many whites that slavery was abolished. So stop with the racial Cultural Marxist distortions and lets talk about the facts. Then we can fulfill Martin Luther King’s vision to judge people based on the content of their character and not based on skin color. 

Ida refused to move to the smoking coach while using the train to get to work. She was a local teacher. Becoming outraged by the conductor, Ida bit him, yes bit him, and filed a a law suit against the railroad.

As a repporter, she used her journalist contacts to learn about lynchings. She used the information in her writing and helped create a worldwide condemnation of lynching in America.

Ida also helped found the NAACP. She organized the first suffrage group among black women and worked to block segregation in Chicago schools.

Except, when you’re right there in the conversation you somehow can’t quite grasp the words you need to make that retort…so instead you say half of it, or you mangle it, and the conversation sort of moves on, except you’re cross with yourself because, of course, you haven’t said what you really wanted to but were unable to say.

And it stays with you, niggles at you like a hangnail, or a pebble in your shoe, or a slightly too tight bra strap or a cut on the inside of your mouth. You go about doing other things but you can’t entirely forget it and it simmers under the surface until FINALLY, hours later…the perfect phrase you were searching for suddenly pops into your head!

Usually, for me, this happens at 2 or 3 am in the morning, when I am trying to will myself to sleep. My eyes jack hammer open and I go “there you are!”.

So on Friday, I was spellchecking a piece of work when a colleague came in to bother me. He is a friend of sorts…perhaps he slightly fancies me, perhaps he is just exceptionally kind…but the result is that we have this back and forth banter thing going on that makes me laugh a lot. We started chatting about this and that, about holidays and my stress levels, about films and Fela and whether something could still be a form of jazz if it used synthesised instruments.

Somehow we got on to whether England should be part of the EU. I don’t have the strongest of opinions on it…I generally think the EU over- legislates but that’s not always a bad thing for the little guy. Also, a scary amount of anti EU lobbyists tend to be racist xenophobes hiding as prudent economists and nationalist historians….but this friend of mine, let’s call him George, is very anti-EU and not racist so I was quite happy to have a chat with him on the subject. On any subject really that would save me from the mind numbing boredom of hunting for misplaced commas.

From general EU = BAD chat, we got onto Nationalism and all the things England managed to do on her own without the EU. I agreed with most of these points of pride until we got to slavery….

George: “- and we mustn’t forget that England ended slavery!”

Me (sputtering and suddenly paying attention): “What? You can’t put that down on a list of achievements. I’m not saying it’s not a great thing that slavery is over, but…but you can’t just take credit for ending it like that!”

George: “Why not? We ended it. The Americans would have carried on for ages. Look at what they’re doing to Obama in 2011! They’d never have stopped.”

Me: “Well, yes, and I accept that the Royal Navy were instrumental and so was Wilberforce and things like that but I don’t see how you can pat yourself on the back as a country for doing that! That’s just…I mean it entirely negates the fact that…what I mean is, it’s not something you should be crowing about when slavery was so atrocious and so self evidently wrong and yet accepted by many English people for ages until they decided, oh, best not do that anymore”

George (after a pregnant pause): “Well. Slavery ended. It would not have ended when it did, or arguably at all, without the British. Isn’t that true?”

Me: “Yes…but…”

George (continuing only after it was clear I wasn’t going to keep talking): “And this is surely a good thing?”

Me (now somewhat sulky) : “Yes.”

George: “So why can’t England be proud of that?”

Me: “Your face is crooked.”

Anyway. When my eyes popped open at 3am, this is the retort-not-spoken that came to me…

George: “- and we mustn’t forget that England ended slavery!”

Me: “What a load of nonsense to be proud of that when England was also highly instrumental in starting it. Some of the greatest estates in England were financed by slavery- and even when the first Acts abolished slavery, those Acts ensured that it was no skin off a slave owner’s back to set his slaves free. Owners were compensated for the “loss of their property” and only slaves under 6 years old were actually freed. Over 6 and you got a new job title of “Unpaid apprentice”. Some of the great houses of England remained so only through slavery- albeit, after a while, slavery perpetrated on distant shores of the Empire, where the English didn’t have to see quite how their tea and sugar and cocoa was got. English museums are still full of the stolen loot of the English Empire, whose atrocities went on long after “formal” slavery was abolished- or do you mean to say the way the English treated native peoples in India and the African countries they carved up was free and fair and right? That they were not in many cases, still slaves in practical terms up until the Empire broke down and are still paying the price for years of suppression and oppression today? No doubt it was a good thing to have done, stopping slavery, but it wasn’t some selfless act. It wasn’t sacrificial. It was England deciding to clean up a mess it had partly started. Saying the English ought to be commended for ending slavery is like saying a dog ought to be commended for eating up its own vomit.”

And I would have sneered in the right places, and made inverted commas with my fingers and raised my eyebrow at the end and OH. It would have been a great retort, I think.

SO THERE, GEORGE.

Back to work for me. Love you all booskis.

http://adstweakstip.blogspot.com/

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During the civil war, the Union and Confederacy faced off over a very controversial issue: slavery. This war had the most American casualties and deaths in our country’s history. However, there was one infantry regiment in particular that stood apart from the others during this war. The Massachusetts 54th regiment was significant because it was the first official black regiment in the United States.

Since the beginning of the Civil War, President Lincoln argued that the Union was fighting not to end slavery, but to prevent the disintegration of the United States. However, abolitionists thought that the reason for the war was to end slavery. Therefore, they argued that black people should have the right to join the army to fight for their freedom. The Massachusetts 54th regiment was authorized in March of 1863 by John A. Andrew, the governor of Massachusetts at the time. The regiment was given over to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw to command, and the black soldiers who fought in the regiment were recruited by white abolitionists.

The Massachusetts 54th regiment was very significant in the fact that it was the first official black unit in the United States military. Up until this time, the only people who had the right to fight in the military were whites. This regiment was a big step towards abolishing slavery, because it showed that blacks had the right to fight in the military.

The practice of slavery in Mauritania (Reuters)

If this claim is too bombastic, let’ssay a country of 3.4 million people this is the last country in the world are trying to eliminate the practice of slavery. Based on the UN report, in 1981, as many as 10 to 20 percent of the population lived in slavery Mauritania.

Ironically, this practicestill exists despite allegedly been made law in 2007 that criminalizes slavery. Reported by CNN, until now only been one casehandled.

For the slaves, slavery as the chain of physical and mental torture that can not be easily disconnected. Just look at the Mint Yarba Moulkheir melancholy tale, a slave who managed to escape.

Moulkheir repeatedly raped by their owners so that gave birth to many children, all of whom alsobecame slaves. He himself never fight because they think the owners knew what was best for him.

“I feel like a beast who lives with animals,” he said.

Freedom comes when Moulkheir meet with couples ‘odd’ Boubacar Messaoud Ould Abdel Nasser and Ethmane. Called ’strange’, as Boubacar is a former slave, while Abdel is a slave owner who now turned into a slave liberator.

Born into a wealthy man, Abdel slave can get easily, even as a gift. His conscience would terketuk after he had many slaves.

Is a line ‘Man is born free and equal in rights’ of his favorite comic, Asterix, who struck him.

Abdel says there’s little heart is wrong, whether it’s his favorite comic or the prevailing tradition of slavery in Mauritania. Later herealized, slavery was wrong, so he was immediately freed his slaves.

“But beyond a doubt, theydid not want released, or do not understand what the meaning of freedom,” he recalls.

Abdel then meet Boubacar, a former slave who managed to escape and ‘free’ and can be a decent education. Both were founded SOS Slaves then collaborate to combat the practice of slavery in Mauritania.

SOS Slaves struggle is not easy. But admittedly, the courage of the former slaves to tell their stories, is a victory of its own because it could be a good start toward independence as a humanbeing.

There are several things that contributed to the proliferation of a factor is still slavery in Mauritania until 2012 this. Among other things, racism that light skin higher degree, poverty, lackof government commitment, and lack of education because of slavery tends to be regarded as something unusual.

Frederick Douglass was correct in saying that women had a large role to play in the abolitionist movement. The anti-slavery movement also influenced the feminist movement by showing women that major change could be won, and also by giving women a template on how to make that change for themselves. Women of the abolitionist movement actually ended up leading the first real feminist movement in America.

Women made up almost half of the members of all anti-slavery organizations. Many men in these organizations tried to keep the women to secondary roles. These men didn’t want the women to be able to serve on the committees, vote, or speak publicly. Women caused the movement to split in two. The Liberty Party was the more conservative of the two, not wanting women to have much of a role in their cause. William Lloyd Garrison started the other group which was appalled at the treatment women were receiving from the Liberty party. Interestingly Garrison was also in favor of women’s rights. (Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky, Soderlund, 285)

Independent women’s abolitionist societies also began to form in response to the men suppressing their role. Women began circulating pamphlets against slavery and more and more women began speaking to groups against the institution. Women of the movement also were more radical than the men calling for immediate, not gradual abolition of slavery. Black women were able to offer a unique perspective since many had been slaves at some point. Autobiographies of these former slaves were promoted in support of slavery abolition.

One instance that shows the importance of women in the abolitionist movement was that of the Grimke sisters. Angelina and Sarah Grimke had firsthand knowledge of the issues of slavery having grown up around it. They were the first female anti-slavery speakers. These two women in particular had credibility where few others did because they had seen what slavery was doing to black people with their own eyes. (Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky, Soderlund, 284)

What initially sparked the women’s rights movement was an anti-slavery convention in London in 1840. Women were segregated to a separate seating area, much like black people were. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were two of the woman delegates at the convention. Their experience at the convention convinced them that they should start a movement in America for women’s rights. Though it took quite a while for them to put it together, they finally planned a convention at Seneca Falls. The premise behind both movements is that women spoke up. Women such as Harriet Tubman and Ellen Craft put together pamphlets, were quoted in newspapers, started petitions, and spoke to anyone who would listen to them. Some of these same women involved with the anti-slavery movement actually wrote a document similar to the Declaration of Independence. This document stated that women wanted the right to vote and that women should be equal to men in all aspects. (Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky, Soderlund, 311,312,313)

Not all women believed in the suffrage movement though. Many southern women saw no reason to fight for equal rights as they focused on manipulating the important men they had connections to. They also saw the connection between women’s suffrage and the anti-slavery movement, and being southerners wanted no part in the abolition of slavery. These women focused on other things such as orphanages and shelters for the poor. (Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky, Soderlund, 313)

The abolitionist movement and the women’s rights movement were inseparably linked as several male abolitionists actually supported women’s rights. Both movements were fighting for the same ideals, and both also required many of the same tactics. Women were outspoken in many different ways on both issues, and the abolitionist movement gave women the template and motivation to fight for their own rights as human beings.

Ayers, Edward L. Gould, Lewis L. Oshinsky, David M. and Soderlund, Jean R. American Passages: A History of the United States Fourth Edition. Boston, MA.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 2010

The social themes during Nat Turner’s rebellion are almost unbelievable. They are hypocritical, extreme and naïve all at the same time. The white people of Virginia were duncical in their miscalculation that certain privileges afforded to the slaves of the county would deter slave insurgency. The slaves were unethical in their killing of women and children. What is even more surprising than the brutality of Nat Turner’s rebellion was the loyalty expressed by some slaves to their masters. Nat Turner’s relationship with his followers was quite mysterious as he projected an aura of superior spiritual development and intelligence.

One of the cruelest aspects of slavery in Southampton is the relationship among the children. Nat was friends with a couple of white children almost as if he were a free child himself until the age of 12. With the white boys going off to school and Nat being driven out to the fields, this creates a permanent rift between them. White people clearly had the attitude that they were superior to black people, and conditioned both black and white children with this ridiculous idea. “So their parents, teachers, ministers, and politicians told them over and over, until they embraced their superiority over Negroes as God’s law, as the truth of truths” (Oates, 21). Racial discrimination was a perpetual cycle of this misinformation from authority figures.

            The white people of the Southampton area made an egregious error in judgment over this entire time period. Assuming that your slaves will not revolt against you just because you believe to be treating them well shows great complacency. “After all what was there to worry about? Southampton’s slaves were well treated, whites said, and apart from a few solitary incidents the county had never had any severe slave troubles” (Oates, 3). Slaves were astutely aware of this, playing ignorant and stupid, while planning their revolt right under their noses. In areas like South Carolina the white people understood that the harshest slave codes possible was the optimum way to control the slaves. In Virginia the codes were so lenient that not only did slaves have much more of an opportunity to organize a successful revolt, they tasted just enough freedom to want it in its totality.

The slaves who knew Nat proclaimed him to be a prophet. He was highly regarded among the slave community. A lot of what Nat Turner claimed is delusional, however. The event that shows Turner to be fraudulent with regard to his unnatural abilities occurs at the baptism he performs. Nat claims a white dove will appear above them during the ceremony, but no such dove ever arrives. “No dove has descended from the heavens as Nat had vowed, but no matter: the slaves had seen him do a spectacular thing in christening a white man and then himself” (Oates, 40). This suggests that Nat might have been either lying about or imagining the visions telling him to go forth with the insurrection. However, the most unusual aspect to this whole situation is that the people really didn’t care much about the dove being absent. They, in particular the blacks, were mesmerized by the fact that Nat had just baptized a free white person.

            The unscrupulous nature of the attack on whites is quite appalling. There was a complete disregard for women and children, who were slaughtered by some of the rebels seemingly without hesitation. “All around him, all over the Whitehead place, there were scenes of unspeakable violence, as the rebels butchered three of the Whitehead girls and a grandchild” (Oates, 75). Still, the need for violent rebellion is certainly understandable. If you’ve never been a slave, it is difficult to know what you would do in that situation. It is downright inhumane to slay women and children, particularly the children because they had nothing to do with the slaves’ situations. To that same point, slavery is equally inhumane so violent insurgency from the slaves should have been anticipated.

            The situation with the rebellion was absolutely hopeless. Some of Nat Turner’s followers definitely understood that they would be overtaken at some point by the white militia and therefore likely to die for this cause. “He tried to dissuade the blacks from going on, arguing that they did not have a chance against the white man’s powerful forces” (Oates, 81). Nat Turner, however, seemed to have some grandiose notion that he was going to easily be able to take over Jerusalem and continue to amass more insurgents. This could suggest a lack of foresight on Turner’s part. However, it is also possible that Turner had greater foresight than his followers knowing that, though they were certainly condemned to death for this act, that it would help convince the whites to abolish slavery. Still, dissension among Nat and his people persisted as some felt the rebellion was pointless.

An interesting dynamic existed in the relationship between the different slaves and their masters, particularly during Nat’s revolt. What is unexpected is the loyalty shown to masters from some of the slaves during Turner’s rebellion. Some of these slaves risked their lives to save their masters and their families. The motivation behind this loyalty is certainly mysterious; as the general consensus among slaves was that they shared a great deal of disdain for their masters, even if it was hidden behind a fake persona of pleasantness and cordiality. “One of them, a girl named Charlotte, attacked Lavinia with a dirk knife, but loyal slaves pulled Charlotte away” (Oates, 79).

During the time of Nat’s rebellion much naivety, misunderstanding and stupidity are displayed from the whites of the region. The Blacks were chomping at the bit to gain their freedom and they were brutal in their fight for it. Nat’s rebellion certainly jolted the white’s out of their complacent, malaise attitude in regards to their property. Nat was somewhat delusional in his visions and prophecies, indicating a degree of mental illness. Although Nat Turner was condemned to death for this revolt, its success can be judged better on the fact that it influenced the eventual abolition of slavery in the United States. 

Oates, Stephen B. The Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner’s Fierce Rebellion. New York: Harper Perennial Publishers, April 1990.

The Free Soil Party was a party that came together when antislavery Democrats split from the proslavery ones. They joined forces with antislavery Conscience Whigs and former Liberty Party supporters to create a political party that opposed slavery, in particular its expansion into the new western territories. Slavery was the main issue that separated the Free Soil Party from the other two. The Free Soil Party was made up of people who believed that all men deserved freedom. Their slogan seems to indicate that they understood that in order to preserve freedom you must continually defend it. Interestingly the arguments made by the Free-Soil Party are congruent with the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The only difference is that they believed all men, regardless of color, held the same rights.  

            Slavery was the key issue separating these people from the two main parties of the country. They opposed it, and were concerned that it would spread into the new territories of the west. The party used their antislavery views to garner support from the abolitionists. They were able to gain enough support to run Martin Van Buren for president in 1848. The Free-Soil Party ended up making a decent mark on the election of 1848. Martin Van Buren did decent in some states. Twelve men were sent to Congress on behalf of the Free-Soil Party. When the Kansas-Nebraska Bill was put forward by Stephen A. Douglas the Free-Soil Party denounced it. They viewed the bill as a plot by a slave power to make Nebraska a harsh slave state much like Alabama or Mississippi. Though the bill passed, it did have one positive outcome for the Free-Soilers. It united them, along with some northern Whigs, Democrats and abolitionists. 

            The Free-soil party essentially was an abolitionist party. They believed in equal rights and freedom for all men regardless of race. They argued for free speech, free labor, free land, and free men all across the nation. Opposing slavery, particularly its expansion into the new western territories was the primary distinction between them and the two major parties.