Informative Speech Outline

             I.      Introduction

a.)    Have you ever been watching T.V. and flipped onto the discovery channel and seen a documentary on the people of a different country? Do you usually just skip it because you aren’t interested about other cultures?

b.)    Indian Culture

c.)    Open eyes to another part of the world

d.)   You may just want to understand their culture better or maybe even travel there to experience it

e.)    People, clothing, food

          II.      Body

A.) People

      1. History

                  a.) dates back 5000 years ago

                  b.) where Hinduism and Buddhism started

      2. Many different religions

                  a.) 80% Hindu

                  b.)10% Muslim

                  c.) others, 5% Christian

      3. Speak many languages

                  a.) Quote, “To have a second language is to posses a 2nd soul”                                       by Charlemagne

b.) over 1,000 different languages and dialects

                  c.) 12 official languages

                  d.) English is main one used in trade

                  e.) Hindi is main one overall

Trans. Hindi is more commonly used like if you went to the store to buy some clothing.

B.) Clothing

      1. Women – Sari

                  a.) show visual aide

                  b.) silk or cotton

                  c.) dyed various colors

                  d.) decorated with woven or embroidered patterns

      2. Men- Cufni

                  a.) show visual aide

                  b.) formal wear

                  c.) silk or cotton

                  d.) simple decorative designs

Trans. These are formal clothes so you should be careful not to get food stains on them.

C.) Food-Meal

      1. Meal different from American meal

      2. Roti

                  a.) flat bread

                  b.) like tortilla

                  c.) 4-6 inches wide

      3. Curry

                  a.) made of various vegetables,

                  b.) mixed with various spices called masalas

      4. Rice

III. Conclusion

a.)    People, clothing, food

b.)    Open eyes to another part of the world

c.)    So the next time you see one of these documentaries coming on I hope you decide to watch it because learning more about other places can never be too bad. 

Besides, the freedom to speak in public is the right thing and it is indispensable for the academic progress of the society that prohibits from engaging acts against speech curtailment and speech deprivation.

Information is vital to one’s living and progress. It gives a signal to the person concerned that there is mankind. The people regardless of races are exchanging notions from one another – to exercise communicative roles in the community.

Sharing information with others and apprising the latest updates of the world today give emphasis to the significance of global communication, i.e. free communication and freedom of expression.

Finally, it relinquishes our rights from “self-seclusion and self-inhibition” to help people unfurl their inundating mind streams and open out into something that results in a rich harvest of ideas from them.

-Listening Skills – Excellent 000-Z05 communicators know the importance of listening. They’re going to tell you just how listening is much more vital than even speaking. During a discussion, should you not listen cautiously to what other people speaking, it is going to looks as if you are just trying to place your perspective only looking to dominate other individuals, that might venture you as quite arrogant. This from time to time may well prove a pitfall to suit your needs. Resist distractions and encourage the speaker. A great listener has the power to generate a fantastic viewers, so make an effort to get the maximum audience and spend regard from what they are saying.

Giving you better conversation expertise can be an art that accompany standard apply. As verified, exercise makes a guy great, start with a noble intention and keep practicing dedicatedly till you reach perfection. Regardless of how smart you’re, your communication talent is the only attribute that will help you to convince your audience. So, make sensible use of what you are saying skillfully and be sure to ascertain your 000-115 position politely.

The Scope of Speech

We use speech inter culturally.  We communicate inter personally.  We turn to our telephones and talk with machines that are able to recognize speech and give answers.  For some, this can be rather tedious and annoying especially if a person is seeking an immediate answer to a pressing problem.  We want to speak to a person.  But there is no one on the line.  Talking machines are the face of many businesses today.

Intercultural speakers are always intriguing.  Some have different accents which are difficult to understand unless a person is from a particular country or region.  Some insensitive individuals laugh about this, while others become irritated or exercise patience.  It is always a challenge to watch a foreign film where the speakers are supposed to be English speakers and much of it we do not understand because of the accent.

There are remarkable differences between an Indian, Nigerian, Spanish, Italian, and British speakers of English.  Many in the West considers the Queen’s English as being the perfect English.  Some cockney speakers in England may not be understandable in the West.  It is however noteworthy that broadcasts from the BBC are well received in the United States.  It leaves a person to conclude that generally the well educated have no problems communicating among themselves.  They tend to set the standard for us to follow.

Speech Limitations

To many being behind a microphone on the radio is one thing, but in face-to-face conversation is another.  Here we learn that speech communication is also reinforced by non verbal cues.  Speech and non verbal communication go hand in hand.  A person may be saying one thing but his body language is saying something else.  Some people believe that body language does not lie.  Others may fake sincerity by being emotional.  Their voice may crack and  they may even cry.  An experienced observer may look for these clues to determine their sincerity. 

There are those that argue that words cannot describe the way they truly feel.  This is also true.  A person may be shouting and screaming.  What does this mean?  Is it because that person is in pain?  Is it because that individual is experiencing a flight of ecstasy?  One could never tell unless we know for sure under which conditions these sounds are occurring.       

Speech in Therapy

A person may be able to benefit through speech via a trained therapist.  While in therapy such a patient may be able to recall painful and not so painful events in his life.  These are analyzed, discussed, and an understanding of the issues that have been troubling him are explored.  The therapist and patient are able to tap into the root causes of his problems and the patient eventually learns to deal with them.

These revelations may take weeks, months, or years.  At first, this patient may resist opening up to the therapist for he considers much of the information that has been eating away at him private.  Nevertheless, as they proceed, there are moments when both the therapist and the patient encounter glimmers of hope.  The patient eventually comes to trust his therapist.

Trust

Regardless how great a speaker a person may be, if there is no trust between the speaker and his audience all is for nought.  In most situations, like the therapist and the patient, this trust may build gradually.  Some prominent people may be fortunate for they have developed a reputation that precedes them.  These are generally film stars, authority figures, and opinion leaders in the society.  In politics some may argue that they only trust democrats while others say that republicans are the real deal and so it goes.

Having trust in the leaders of the country is essential.  Much of it comes from the things that they say.  That is why in order to make us believe in their positions many politicians appeal to fundamental identifiers like patriotism, the flag, and love of country.  Those are core things with which many citizens identify.  They may have nothing to do with policy statements which can be controversial and some go so far as to drive fear in our hearts to win our trust.

- – -

Speech is a common denominator on which we all rely.  It takes different forms and are spoken in many languages 

Image by bitmask via Flickr

Image by The Library of Congress via Flickr

around the world, but regardless where it is spoken, it serves as our guiding light.  Without it society would be a completely different place.

- – -

Rule No. 1

First of all always be hopeful. Despair is a sin and it embarrasses the person more. Therefore, try to look at the bright side of every matter and be hopeful for success. If you are not succeeding in any matter, then be satisfied in the God’s will for He may want to give you something better than this one.

Rule No. 2

The second important rule is to keep smiling every time. Think how many people will smile seeing your smile. Smiling opens the gates of spirit. When a little child smiles, you can see smile on everybody’s face and you feel unique internal gladness that cannot be given any name. Smile also keeps the body healthy and you know soul cannot be separated from body except after death. Therefore, smile and let others smile as well.

Rule No. 3

The third rule is never breaking anybody’s heart because if you break other’s heart, you will also feel pain. It is said that there is a reaction of every action. When you curse others, you also feel recklessness internally. This recklessness serves the purpose of dam in front of your happiness. Always remember, who do not respect others, people do not respect him too. Therefore, be obliged to other’s people love and faithfulness. Forgive others’ short-comings whole heartedly. Remember, forgiving whole heartedly means, forgetting displeasure incidents in a way as they never occurred before. It is difficult but not impossible.

Rule No. 4

Fourth rule is passing your time with your friends and relatives. Meet each other and share gifts, but remember always admiring other’s gifts, because the love of giver is also included in it and people who reject other’s love remain emptied from love themselves.

Rule No. 5

Fifth rule is describing your happiness. If you get any success or any of your desire fulfills, express it with an open heart, but not in a way that other’s feel jealousy. Thank your God and if anybody else has got any happiness, pray that God may prolong his happiness. When anybody prays for others, the same pray become blessing in his favor as well.

Rule No. 6

Sixth rule is your relation with your Creator and that is very much important one. Strengthen your relation with your God.  Worship Him and share all of your heart feelings with Him. It is only God, in front of whom; we can open our heart’s secrets without any fear. Do virtuous deeds and also invite others. Your virtuous deeds should be of a kind that can benefit majority of people.

Rule No. 7

Seventh rule is learning from your environment because knowledge is that treasure that keeps on increasing and it does not get any harm from the ups and downs of the circumstances. It is not necessary that you always use books for gaining knowledge. Learn from Newspapers, Magazines, T.V. Internet and from incident that are taking place around you. Try to learn from the experience of elders, since they have already seen and understood the world more than us.

Rule No. 8

Eighth rule is helping others. Believe me, you will feel happiness that can neither be expressed in words nor can be valued. Helping some blind person cross the road, leading to the right path, helping the poor, guiding the sinful person will surely give you happiness.

Rule No. 9

Ninth rule is very important. Choose words sensibly in your speech because the wavering of tongue is more dangerous than the wavering of feet. Making the cheek red by slapping will disappear after sometime, but the slap on the heart sometimes cost much. Therefore, choose words thoughtfully in your talks. Whatever difficulties and problems we are facing in the world now most of them are the result of this tongue alone. Speak politely, you will receive politeness in return and if you speak bitter, the opponent will also utter bitterness.

Rule No.10

Tenth rule is giving room to truth in your life. Speak truth and support truth. If you want to punish anybody, keep speaking truth with him. Don’t find faults or criticize others because when you criticize, you yourself give an opportunity to others to raise finger on you. Remember, when you raise you finger on anybody, the remaining four fingers points towards you.

Rule No. 11

Eleventh rule is taking care of your health. Do light exercises daily. Your most of the brain and body tension is released by exercising and you will feel relaxed.

Happiness is present inside a person. Setting of few rules can make your life simple and more attractive. Before applying these rules, remember, come what may, you have to adopt these rules and then success will be yours destiny.

By Muhammad Irfan Zafar

Content Writer

The study was conducted by researchers at the School of Psychology, Cardiff University,UK. The study, published in the journal Cognitive Development that involves 84 infantsaged 14-18 months and their mothers.

When examined, the baby’s mother acting with toys say two words in English, ’whoops’and ‘there’. Researchers then watched how babies react when they saw their mother doing the activity.

The researchers looked at, how the baby’s mother react when they speak in differentlanguages​​. When examined, the mothers do the same process as described above, onlyin Greek and with the same intonation.

After investigation, the researchers found babies react the same, whether they understand the language or not at all. This was proven when the baby is still reacting when the motherthey spoke Greek.

“This research suggests children can understand the words that have the same intonation.We use the two words ’whoops’ and there in two different languages ​​and the results were the same. Of the two English or Greek, there is no one who actually conceived the baby,”said lead researcher, Dr Merideth Gattis.

According to Dr. Gattis, infants respond to parents’ tone of voice. Tone of voice was veryuseful to make a guess what she thought the baby’s father and mother.

“We never could read people’s minds, except using the intonation of the language we speak,” he explained.

The core of this research, according to Dr. Gattis, when parents talk to their babies, noteintonation. ”Not really matter what was said, but how the word is pronounced.” he said.

JFK’s address is a melting pot of rhetorical terms. The purpose of this speech is to bestow the power and responsibility of taking collective action to uplift the nation. Antitheses are used to unify the general population. For example the comparison of “those old allies” to “those new states” signifies the importance of collaborative effort. Another strong example of antithesis is the idea of the interdependence of the poor and rich populations in society; “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich”. And of course the famed quote that states one should not rely on his or her country (but support it) brings attention to Kennedy’s argument of the need of national responsibility. Furthermore, the use of oxymoron further strengthens JFK’s purpose. Phrases like “a hard and bitter peace” and “peaceful revolution” direct attention towards their implications.

Kennedy came into presidency at the height of Cold War. The riveting fear of the spread of Communism was felt by all Americans, and Kennedy wanted to come across to the public as a leader with a strong foreign policy. Therefore, he denounced Communism in every which way possible in his speech primarily through the use of metaphorical language. The quote, “Those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended inside” states clearly that all dictatorships are lost causes. Kennedy also seeks to “begin anew the quest for peace” and save humanity from the brink of nuclear war.

Though rhetorical strategies help to bring out Kennedy’s argument, creative syntax further strengthens his purpose. Anaphoras along with hortative structure portray a sense of collaborative effort and a feeling of patriotic progression. The best use of anaphora in this speech is the use of the phrase “Let us” to bestow these responsibilities, conveying a sense of unity. Furthermore the repetition of the word “pledge” is used in every promising section of JFK’s speech. This word has a very positive connotation and seems more faithful than perhaps using the word “promise”. Additionally, Kennedy refers to his audience as “us”, “we”, and “fellow”. This conveys a sense of caring and further attempts to unify the people and inspire patriotism. Another interesting technique employed is the use of short, bullet-like, paragraphs among the larger ones. Kennedy broke up the traditional body paragraph into shorter ones, allowing people to mull over each position presented.

            As stated before, Kennedy did not necessarily win over the general population upon election. He seemed too young and inexperienced. But after his virtuoso inaugural address to the American people, he showed what his future goals were and established himself as a strong leader with a vision to defend the United States of America. The use of rhetorical strategies such as antitheses, oxymorons, and metaphors along with artful scheme and the use of anaphoras and repetition greatly augment his speech, making it one of most highly celebrated speeches of all time.

High powered lobbyists were unsuccesful though millions were invested in campaign contributions and contracts with lobbying firms.  As per the lobbying report, AT&T filed an expenditure of $4,850,000.00 which was an increase over the previous year’s lobbying on this issue. These huge communication entities were lurking around in the gray areas like some sort of a Christmas Grinch

In 2010, campaign contributions to candidates running for federal positions received $4 million from AT&T.  Former government officials such as representatives were amongst lobbyists.  Some of the White house staffers were in on the action, too.

ATT Communications Sculpture – Wikimedia

Forbes magazine stated that the merger wouldn’t present a problem for a free and competitive marketplace.  Moreover, the AT&T/T-Mobile merger, Forbes implies, could extend more services and new innovations suggesting that merging the two communications companies may actually help the sagging economy.

Freepress.com points out that the economy needs employers i.e.:  people need jobs in order to have money to spend on new communications gear.  However, the merger wouldn’t create new jobs, because using the current employees of either company is big part o of forming this merger.

ATT&T threw its weight around with smaller amounts like fifty or sixty thousand distributed down the list with at least 20 lobbying firms.  T- Mobile did their part and contracted with a half a dozen lobbying firms of choice.

Almost One Year Ago . . .

In January of this year, a landmark supreme court decision stating that it is unconstitutional to prohibit campaign advertising or smear campaigns opening the gates for big corporations like  AT&T, Verizon,  and Comcast to have what appears to be limitless powers of persuasion with their contributions.  Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission turned out to be a great disappointment for many.   Some lament the dehumanization of this ruling.  Money passing hands to politicians won’t be limited, because of a philosophical interpretation the new law.

“A provision of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act prohibiting unions, corporations and not-for-profit organizations from broadcasting electioneering communications within 60 days of a general election or 30 days of a primary election violates the free speech clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. United States District Court for the District of Columbia reversed.”1

In short, the government may not ban political spending by corporations in candidate elections.

The diversity of opinion involving the first amendment comes at a time when huge corporations are banding together within ill-omened monopolies. Only regulated by the FCC’s weak terminology referencing “reasonable” prices, corporate giants have nearly free reign with pricing.

Justice Stevens, one of those against this decision, spoke with faltering speech according to a New York Times article in a long discourse to make the point that in the 5-4 vote, “the majority had committed a grave error in treating corporate speech the same as that of human beings.”

With the Christmas season in full thrust, it appears that some government officials are vigilant on behalf of the people.  There may be hope for the U.S. democracy after all.  Merry Christmas, America.

Ref: New York Times

A group of Spanish scientists, who were trying to find how babies utilize the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech to learn how to speak and understand speech, decided it would be a good idea to determine if rats can distinguish the difference between a person speaking Japanese backwards and a person speaking Dutch backwards.

We’ll pause here while you re-read the previous sentence.

You’ve Got To Be Kidding?

It’s hard to fathom what these scientists were thinking or to explain what they did and what possible relevance it might have to babies learning to speak.  According to the scientists their goal “was to study whether rats can discriminate between Dutch and Japanese sentences they have never heard before on the basis of the regularities they extract from other sentences during training. That is, whether rats are able to extract certain features from the speech signal that are different in the Dutch and Japanese sentences, and are then able to discriminate between two new sentences of these languages which belong to different rhythmic categories.”

Doesn’t that clear up everything?

Rats Fail – What A Surprise!

The scientists when to great lengths to conduct their experiments and making sure the rats were well cared for during their experiments – which included making the rats listen to a series of Japanese and Dutch language recordings played backwards.

It should come to no one’s surprise that “the rats’ failure to discriminate backward speech, and the costs of the normalization process, suggest the possibility that these effects might reflect general auditory constraints that shape aspects of language acquisition.”

In other words – the stupid experiment didn’t work as anyone with a brain one-tenth the size of a rat’s would have been able to determine without going to all the time, cost and effort necessary to conduct this experiment.

You have to congratulate the scientists, however.  Somehow they were able to convince their sponsoring university that conducting such experiments was worthwhile.  Or, maybe everyone speaking languages they didn’t understand, let alone speaking them in reverse, confused the higher ups.

Click here for more articles by The Writin’ Cowboy.

The LAD is a “black box” (a reference to the human mind) which contains what he calls the “Universal Language”. This implies that language largely comes from within. To activate this box the child requires access to “input” from the environment which “triggers” functioning. (The environment is everything around the child.) The more the child is exposed to his environment, the faster he learns to speak. When this box is not activated it becomes a “degenerate”- that is, it declines in function or malfunctions. 

All this means that the human being was born with a predisposition to use language. The so-called “species-specific” nature of language supports the idea that only humans can be taught real language. A child naturally learns or “discovers” for himself how to use language. He uses innate, intuitive knowledge of language universals to construct hypotheses and to test features of language from the workings of his mind, the “black box”. 

Language theorists have failed to scrutinize every conceivable language feature. For example, they found it impossible to explain a child’s unusual language structures like “bye-bye Daddy, “two mouses” (to mean two mice) and so on. They have failed to explain the abstraction, uniqueness, and creativity of individual utterances/sentences. States of consciousness, concepts, and knowledge acquisition are hard to account for or examine. 

Language theorists, though, have helped us understand that the child’s language, at any given point, is a legitimate system of communication in its own right; that at any given time the child’s language is systematic in the sense that the child is constantly forming hypotheses on the basis of input ; then testing hypotheses in terms of actual speech.

 
Regarding the mystery of language and language acquisition Joseph Conrad, in support of Chomsky’s Mentalist Theory, says: “The mind of man is capable of anything, for everything is in it— all the past, present as well as the future.”

Dr. Allen O’Donnell in his book Towards the Primitive calls man’s ability to communicate to himself and to others as part of his “consciousness”. ###