Lily uses repetition to get her point across. In paragraph two, Lily repeats the phrase ‘I know for a fact’ five times. This shows that she knows what she is talking about. She knows what teachers do behind the scenes and that is definitely not just to teach a class for a period or two each day. No, they also help their students in areas they are unsure of and they must also work overtime to prepare the materials for the next day.

Lily uses anecdotes in this letter. She talks about how all her teachers are willing to help her out and her close relationship with her teachers. The student-teacher relationships are so close that they can be called friends. Through her own personal stories, Lily was able to show the readers how important teachers are to their students.

In the last paragraph, Lily indirectly blames the officials who decide teachers’ wages. She doesn’t blame the teachers who aren’t teaching their classes and are on strike. She agrees with the teachers in that they should receive higher pay for what their hard work.

Overall, I think Lily’s letter to The Age is very persuasive and can sway readers into supports for teachers.

Are you ready?

Ask yourself whether you’re really need and ready to do it. Both, study and work would require more of your time, energy and mind. When you’re certain enough that you’re going to do both at the same time, go for it.

Find the perfect job

Make sure that you can combine your work schedule with your schedule at school. If it is possible, tell your bos that you’re still studying. Hopefully your bos can help you in adjusting your work schedule with school.

Work to learn

Mostlikely you can use your work as a form of learning. Perhaps not exactly related to your major of studies, but one day you’ll need to know how to share, cooperate and compete in the healthy way.

Manage your time

Working while studying would make you have less time in almost every aspect of your life. That way you need to manage your time accordingly and stick to the plans you’ve made.

Don’t forget homework

Since you’re a student, then your study still have to come first. You can do your homework after work, or ask your bos if is it okay if you’re doing your homework whenever you’ve got nothing to do in your working place.

When it’s time to refresh your mind

Use holiday to the max. It is time to take a rest or indulge your self with things you want but can not do during working and studying hours. That way, forget anything related to study and work. Go ahead have some fun.

I signed up moments ago, curious of how many (if any) donations I could receive from you, the kind people of the internet. If you’re at all interested in looking at my page and maybe donating a few hundred dollars, you’re more than welcome to visit here: http://www.gofundme.com/e8sv8. Although sceptical, I am hoping I can actually make some spare money from this website, which I would put towards the move discussed on my profile. 

Looking through the websites success stories reassures my faith in my fellow man, it is wonderful to see the amount of money people have selflessly donated on GoFundMe. I hope some of these good online Samaritans wander past my page. 

So check out the website and sign up if you’re hoping to raise some cash. If you’ve yet to commit a good deed today, or just feel like committing another, I suggest donating to my little cause. 

                      them   from –  their ultimate goals in the classroom setting.

       IT IS A road map to success , very well thought out by those who truly care for our children and the 

  future of our communities and our Nation .      Unless we plant the seed of responsible behaviour and 

  constructive meaningful learning into our children , there want be another tom-morrow.     

              All of us as watchmen , men and women ,,,must take responsibility for the welfare and security  of

       these who will go on before us , and last but not least  we must secure their education which is valuable .           for their lives and future.

                                              REQUEST TO WORK IN  A SCHOOL               JOBS FOR TEENS IN NYC                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

               We need educated minds , we need  people who will one day , change 

        this world by what they have to offer ,,,, new ideas , new horizons .     Our Children can learn and will

       learn , but we must provide adequate   teachers , programs , learning tools , and to enforce positive 

     behaviour patterns ,   we must represent .  ,The plan is to elevate the teaching techniques and take it 

      to another level , we want kids ready for college and ultimately there own  careers .                                                           

                                      THERE WILL BE LARGER CLASSROOMS , and more space as needed

  but all this cannot be achieved without the help of the roll models for our students , which are the parents

  We are all in this together , for the future and welfare of    our sons and , daughters

http://vimeo.com/31381935           EXIT HERE               

    A joke was told over a radio broadcast of a teacher who asked one of her students if he knew Jose Rizal; the said student confidently answered “Maam, I don’t know him,  but maybe he can be found in the other section or class.” Well, the story in that joke is overstated; we know for a fact that majority of the students, in the Philippines, knew Jose Rizal as their national hero.

    In the year 1896, Jose Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan;  the day was December 30. Based on that grim incident, a decree was instituted by the late President Emilio Aguinaldo, designating that such a day would be a special time to remember Jose Rizal’s life, works and accomplishments.

Jose Rizal was born in a town named Calamba, in the province of Laguna. He first saw the light of day on June 19,1861. He is the seventh among the eleven kids of Mr. Francisco Mercado and Mrs. Teodora  Mercado; his mother was his first teacher.  He began his education at home,  then continued it in a place called Binan. Rizal took his bachelor’s degree at Ateneo  Municipal de Manila, and got the highest honors. He then proceeded his studies by taking up medicine at the University of Santo Tomas, but did not finish it, for he felt that the Filipinos are being discriminated by the Dominican instructors. He later went to Spain and studied at Universidad Central de Madrid.  He finished his course in Philosophy with an excellent grade; he was only 24 during that time.

Jose Rizal studied also in other countries like Germany and France;  he was known as a man who hates violence. Rizal was a prolific writer, aside from the poems he wrote,  he had written two well known books bearing the titles “ Noli Me Tangere” ( meaning, Touch Me Not ) and “El Filibusterismo” ( The Rebel ). The stated books were written in foreign countries, Germany and Belgium respectively. Let us remember Jose Rizal and his example; his love for knowledge is worthy of emulation.

His theory is mainly based on the positivist ideas and he does not refer to the morals as the standards to judge the validity of laws. According to Austin, the laws made by God or gods are genuine, but it is not necessary for the law to be in accordance with these laws as to prove their validity.

One important distinction between Austin’s view of law and the general positivist view of law is that Austin sees that the sovereign is the court of law while the general positivist sees the parliament as the sovereign. 

Austin’s theory revolves around certain points or main ideas which anchor the whole theory. As he sees the law as a code of conducts that is imposed by the sovereign and is backed by the sanctions. Now, to have a thorough understanding of his theory, three main features can be extracted and analyzed for convenience.

Main Features of Austin’s Theory:

The whole idea of legal realism is based upon the three features; the command, the sovereign, the sanctions.

Austin’s idea of the Command:

According to Austin, all laws are commands in nature where he recognizes the commands as expression of desires from superiors to inferiors. As commands may be of several types, Austin figures it out that some of the commands are laws while others are not. And he distinguishes the commands from laws on the basis of generality. The more general commands are laws while the commands that are specific in nature or a particular aspect are not laws they are mere commands like the commands given to the troops on the parade ground.

Austin’s Idea of Sovereign:

The sovereign is the person or group of persons who is not habitually obedient to anyone where an independent political society is habitually obedient to him. According to Austin every independent political society has a sovereign.

Characteristics of Sovereign:

According to Austin, a sovereign has certain characteristics such as following;

1) Source of Law:

The sovereign is the source of law. All the laws are made and set by the sovereign and are equally imposed on every member of the society.

2)  Source of power:

The state is a legal order that enforces the laws set by the sovereign and sovereign is the ultimate end from where the state derives its power. As the sovereign is habitually obeyed by the society thus the sovereign is the ultimate source of power over the society and the state.

3) Indivisibility of power:

There can be only one sovereign power and no other person can share the sovereignty or the power. Thus its power is indivisible.

4) Habitually obeyed by the society:

The sovereign must be habitually obeyed by the society and he must not be obedient to any internal or external person or body of persons. The sovereign must have the highest authority over the society and must be the supreme power.

Austin’s Idea of Sanctions:

The coercive power of the sovereign is the essence of law. The laws set by the sovereign are backed by the state in the form of sanctions, these sanctions may be imposed on any member of society who has violated a law made by the sovereign where the term sanctions refers to the punishment to be faced by the offender of law. There are different types of sanctions depending upon the nature of the offence committed. 

An Analysis of Austin’s Theory:

The theory has both strong and weak points. The weak points of this theory are the concept of sovereign as it is given by Austin. As if the king is the sovereign, for instance, then a new king does not fit to the idea of being habitually obeyed by the society. And also it would be difficult to point out the sovereign in a society.

Another weak point is the concept of commands. The idea of commands given by Austin does not effectively fit to many laws like the contract laws, laws of personal will, and international laws, laws giving certain privileges to certain institutions or persons.

In my opinion, the first of the above two criticisms could be answered as the idea of the sovereign according to Austin was regarding the institutions and bodies not the persons fulfilling these bodies. For example if the king is sovereign, then a new king will be the sovereign not because of this person owning the throne, but because of the throne itself, thus the sovereign is the throne and similarly if the parliament is sovereign, for example, then it means that the institution of the parliament is meant to be sovereign not the persons in the parliament are meant to be sovereign.

            After the volunteer prisoners were brought into the prison they were humiliated, stripped down and deloused to kill any germs or lice that they could possible bring into the prison. Other measures taken to simulate the feeling of being imprisoned were metals chains worn around the prisoners’ ankle, smock uniforms, and women’s nylons to cover their hair. The idea was to escalate real prison tactics to trigger a quicker response from the inmates by emasculating them and giving them a constant reminder that they were in prison (Zimbardo, 1971).

            The guards were given no prior instruction on how to perform their work as guards. They were told to do what they sought necessary to keep law and order while under the eye of Warden David Jaffe, an undergraduate from Stanford University. Guards were all dressed in matching uniform and mirrored lens sunglasses as to keep their anonymity (Zimbardo, 1971).

            The first day of the study concluded with no real findings and hadn’t taken any obvious effects on either the guards or the prisoners. The second day began with the prisoners rebelling against the guards which led the guards to retaliate. By the days end the volunteers had fallen into their roles of prisoner or guard and the created simulation was quickly beginning to turn into reality. Most of the prisoners suffered from psychological disturbances caused by taking on the prison life and by study’s end they believed that their ability to leave the prison was subject to the guards’ discretion although they were free to leave the study at any time.

             Six days after the study began it was terminated. Zimbardo and his colleagues found that imprisonment dehumanized individuals and gave them a sense of hopelessness. The prisoners displayed signs of being depressed and extremely stressed. The guards’ authority had turned the ordinary volunteers into evil sadistic beings. Therefore, Zimbardo’s study had proved that evil can be created within an individual.

Source

Zimbardo, P.G. (1999) The Stanford Prison Experiment Website, A Simulation Study of the Psychology of Imprisonment Conducted at Stanford University. Stanford, CA: Stanford Prison Experiment.

       ” who am I on the inside?”

        ” why did I do this when I should have done that?”

        ” Why am I so afraid of this thing I should not be afraid of?”

      Some of these people wanted to find the answer to these questions. These people wanted to look at the source of the problems, and they wanted to understand it, they wanted to look inside themselves because they did not know where else to look.

     Eventually these people discovered the power of the brain, and how it affected our behavior. They wanted to study the brain, to know how it worked, to know how to properly use it to create a better person. Nowadays people tend to call this psychology, so how does this thing called psychology help you, how can it improve you?

To know thyself

    You might ask yourself this question ” why did I do this?” or you might ask yourself ” why did I react that way?”, some people might think that they are the only ones who ever ask that question but the truth is, people have been asking themselves those questions since the dawn of civilization and probably even before that.  As I said before, some of these people have found answers to those questions, all sitting neatly in a book for you to read or study in a class. To understand what these people have found, what they have discovered is to help understand you, and once you do that, you will know a better way of dealing with some annoying emotions or get through a tough time in your life… after that.. the sky is the limit.

The better conversation 

        Psychologists have over time, looked at how people naturally interact with eachother, how people to talk to eachother, how people send messages to eachother. What people want to hear, and what people do not want to hear. The skills, the findings, the research that you would find in a psychology book, can make your next conversation with a stranger a rather pleasant one.

What is he thinking?

          If there is some psychological technique for reading a person’s mind, then I did not hear about it, nor did I read about it. However while it is difficult to know for sure what a person is thinking, psychology can help give you a decent idea of what they are thinking. We all have things that we want, things that we don’t want, and things that push us, drive us, these are motivations that psychology can help us understand.  If you know what a person wants, then you know how they might decide to get it, if you know how they will decide to get it, then you might know how to either stop them or help them get it. It does not get simpler then that. Understanding others can help us connect to others, and the ability to make these connections is vital.

              A shiny degree on the office door

         If nothing else, I am sure studying psychology in college is enough to get you a decent job. As sad as it is to admit, we are approaching a future where stress and anxiety levels are only going to get higher and higher, and more and more people are going to suffer for it. People are going to have problems, but as a trained psychologist and as a professional you can help them overcome their problems. You can help guide them in the right direction. In these tough economic times I have heard that alot of people have lost their jobs, but I did not hear about any psychologists losing theirs.

  So what does it all come down to?

         The human mind is a very powerful thing, it can a very productive thing, or it can be a very destructive thing. They are still many mysteries of the mind, and I doubt most of these mysteries will be solved before I die, but slowly and surely we are uncovering more and more about the mind. To know what drives you, to know why it drives you, is to know how to manipulate it, how to change it, and how to make it work your way. There is a type of power in that. If you do get the chance to study psychology one day, then please take the chance.

    If you aren’t going to believe everything else I wrote in this article, then atleast believe this.

   ” studying psychology is not something you will regret”

Med2042- Additional Piece Reflective Examination

MCQ 1.

What does a MBBS mean to you?

a) It means change.

b) It empowers me.

c) It is the catalyst to my life.

d) All of the above.

SA 1.

Provide an explanation of your answer to MCQ 1.

MCQ 2.

Will you waste this opportunity?

a)                       Yes.

b)                      No.

Med2042- Additional Piece Response Sheet

MCQ 1.

D

SA 1.

A thorough explanation must begin by defining the relevant terms.

MBBS:

A Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, often referred to as simply medicine. It is the degree of my choice.

Me:

I was born in Melbourne, grew up in Normanton, educated in Townsville, and now live again in Melbourne. I have a loving family. My friends are truly amazing people. My life is active. I have had many experiences but crave more. I am healthy. I feel safe. I have freedom and dignity. I am a recognised citizen of Australia. I have a future. In no way am I saying my life is perfect, but damn, my life is bloody brilliant.

Now that we’ve defined these terms, let us consider the response options:

A) It means change.

What constitutes change? Dictionary.com defines the verb as ‘to become different’. Over almost two years, a little change is inevitable. Couple that with moving over 2000km interstate to share an apartment with a stranger at the age of sixteen in my first year of university, and then living a very lively college life the second year, I think I have most certainly ‘become different’.

Establishing change is one thing, but determining whether it was for the better is much more difficult. I do not believe I am equipped at this moment to know whether it has been for better or worse- only time will tell. The only certain truth is that medicine has change my life, and I love it.

B) It empowers me.

As with option a, let us define empower. Dictionary.com suggests empower may be defined as ‘to enable or permit’. Indeed, by making me move to Melbourne and learn at Monash University, medicine has enabled me to open the doors to a plethora of opportunities.

I have had some incredible experiences over the last two years, from the study, to the party, to the crazy. Academically, I’ve inserted Laryngeal Mask Airways, given injections and travelled to Corowa, Mildura and Wudinna. I have learnt the bones of the body and how our hearts beat. Meanwhile, I’ve still managed to enjoy the party and explore Melbourne with incredible people who have become my close friends. To top it off, every now and then there’s a bit of crazy- accidentally finding myself with a mate washing dishes for six hours on minimum wage; exploring New York’s Central Park with my sister; and a day crawling through the granite caves of Labertouche with my best friends. Moreover, and perhaps most importantly, medicine is empowering me with the knowledge and skills to become a doctor and provide a health service to my community. There is no doubt; medicine empowers me with opportunities I don’t deserve.

C) It is the catalyst of my life.

Maintaining tradition, Dictionary.com defines catalyst as ‘something that causes activity between two or more persons or forces without itself being affected.’ Medicine, as exemplified in the previous options, has most certainly caused activity between me and my life, whilst still remaining the same old Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.

I believe medicine is the catalyst that is making things happen, through change and empowerment, now and into the future. Medicine has given me the right to a bright future; but with every right comes responsibility.

I am luckier than words could possibly describe, and so I must be grateful for what I have been given. Just because my life is bloody brilliant with an even brighter future, does not give me the right to think I am better than the old man walking down the street or the young girl sitting at the door. The truth is I have done nothing. I am just lucky to have been born into this situation with the combination of genes I have. It was pure chance. I did nothing. I have no reason or right to ever be arrogant, only a reason to always be grateful. In fact, I feel being grateful is not enough. In reality, I am in debt for what I have been given and must repay my thanks.

Throughout the five year course, it is quite easy to be caught up with the rush of assignments and exams, and forget your real motivation for being there in the first place. By firmly establishing and reflecting upon what medicine means to me, I hope to squeeze every last drop out of this opportunity and continue to repay my debt.

D) All of the above.

As the previous three options seem true, answer D must be correct.

Medicine has changed my life, it has empowered me with opportunities, and ultimately, it is the catalyst of my life, lifting me to a position of so much potential. It is my responsibility to grab this opportunity and not let gravity claim this potential.

MCQ 2.

B

Sunday sunnuntai
Monday maanantai
Tuesday tiistai
Wednesday keskiviikko
Thursday torstai
Friday perjantai
Saturday lauantai

On its own, this list is of little use to the language learner. It is rare in every day speech that one says just the name of the day by itself. In order to say that something happens on a specific day, the essive inflectional case must be used. Therefore:

on Sunday sunnuntaina
on Monday maanantaina
on Tuesday tiistaina
on Wednesday keskiviikkona
on Thursday torstaina
on Friday perjantaina
on Saturday lauantaina

Non-specific, comparative day names include:

yesterday eilen
today t�n��n
tomorrow huomenna

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