Spoiler Space

I watched the much hyped pilot episode of this last night (February 13th 2012) I can’t say I was too impressed. Being among the last of the Grimms is rather too much akin to being the last of the Slayers in Buffy – here the cop who finds out that the weird stuff is real, played by rather wooden David Giuntoli, is surrounded by visions of snarling shape-shifters and demons. His own auntie, dying of cancer and in advanced Chemotherapy, kicks the tripe out of a bunch of animalized assassins, but ends up in a coma as the hero, starts to notice how much his visions resemble illustrations in the Grimm’s Book Of Fairy Tales.

There is a distinct by the numbers tick list approach to this one. Little Red Riding Hood – a girl in red kidnapped by a werewolf with touches of Hannibal Lector. Next week’s Three Bears story was pretty well told in its own trailer sequence.  Hansel & Gretal’s witch in a candy-house can’t be far behind.

There was the X-Files indication of a sceptical sidekick somehow missing all the supernatural signals but not actually dismissing his partner as a nutjob for literally crying wolf. There is also a staple ingredient genre motif of a sense of brooding conspiracy as bad cops try to silence the half-dead aunt.

There’s the Huggy Bear, or Huggy Wolf reformed Big Bad Wolf character, which is going to end up advising weekly on what kind of monster the hero is up against and whether to take garlic or silver bullets each week. He may occasionally get to go undercover to snitch on his monster pals or there might be a twist when he goes Angelus on everyone – who knows? Who cares? 

There were some neat ouches of humour and tension, but mostly it was so ‘seen this before’ and by the numbers I found it boring. The finale was rather sedate. The villain trying his best to seem like a decent Christian citizen and oozing such an air of innocence it screamed – ARREST HIM! He was worth arresting just for being so smug. He was obvious even before his whistling of The Eurhythmics song still conveniently playing on an early red-clad victim’s I pod from her murder to her body being found.

The search for the missing girl was treated as desperate and urgent even though the killer / monster had already been dispatched. The dumb buddy cops seem about to leave when one of them (the Grimm) senses something – and finally checks for a hidden cellar. Apparently, you need supernatural powers to work out stuff like that. A house that size seems bound to have had a cellar and no self-respecting maniac is going to simply leave a kidnap victim unhidden. The search amounted to opening room doors, glancing in and saying, no, not in here, before planning on leaving, presumably leaving the poor girl to starve to death in a deserted house the cops wouldn’t visit to find out what the killer had been doing and gathering evidence.

Overall, less than overwhelmed.

Arthur Chappell

Cell phones and Key boards

Keeping your fingers on the cell phone pad, texting all the time and surfing all the time on your computer, typing this or that on your key board could someday cause serious arthritis on your finger joints. Research has found that those who over surf and play computer games or over text on the mobile phones suffer inflammation of the finger joints that could become chronic arthritis.

Stilettos

A woman looks magnificent on a stiletto but there is price to pay. Research has revealed that women who wear high heeled shoes suffer severe leg pains, back ache, knee pains mainly because stilettos provide foot support like flat shoes do to those using them.

Wallets

In my city, the youth especially have some special liking for loaded wallets tucked in their back pockets to show the world around them that they eternally loaded with cash. Many times, what find in an expensive looking wallet is not necessarily bank notes but paper carefully shaped to fit the wallet. However, tucking a wallet in your hind pocket even if for show off could trigger pain in the back, buttocks, and legs in the long run. An eternally loaded wallet has the power to shift the spine out of its alignment overtime causing serious muscle tensions that could cause you lots of discomfort.

Sitting posture while watching TV

In nearly every urban home, there is a TV but research has shown that many of these TV owners get many health related complications watching their TV due to poor sitting postures characterized by slouching back or slumping forward.  Poor sitting postures shorten, weaken and tighten muscles around the lower back and could cause serious back pain and strains to the neck. Sitting upright could save your spine a lot of harm and keep you away from such health related problems.

Hairstyle

Women and some men go to the salons to acquire trendy hairstyles. But for those who are familiar with hairstyles, every time one visits a salon for hair dressing, they come back home with complaints of headache. Hairstyles also trigger migraines in the case of those who suffer this problem because migraine sufferers are normally sensitive to braids and other tight head gears that are used in salons.  

Skipping a Meal to keep one’s shape.

People who think remaining in shape should involve skipping a meal ought to know, that this could drastically lower your blood sugar.

This might and actually be another serious issue for these teenagers! So for all of you folks who just really like the sequence of easy issues they often connect with, be sure to look at The Key Lifetime of the National Youngster Period 4 Episode 14: Smokin’ Like A Virgin mobile on the internet on swiperTV.com. This is going to be another present of the present that will explain to you how these youngsters normally think when they get to be engaged in some serious problems which includes them to be serious and dedicated. This is going to be something that provides you with an concept on how youngsters think about sex and virginity. This is going to be something which is going to be a little bit delicate and that it will create these youngsters recognize something and that it’s going to be a tutorial they will and should never ignore.

The right phrase should be “brats”! Which is what these individuals are! Watch The Key Daily lifetime of the National Youngster Period 4 Episode 15: Defiance on the internet on swiperTV.com. The truth that these youngsters have been and still going all out doing what they think is right is ridiculous. The truth that they have been suffering from a lot of difficulty in their life both as learners and single/teenage mother and father seems to have a little impact on them. I do not know if they want it to be that way and or they just do not know what to do. This present of the present will explain to you more of them doing what they believe is right and that they do not care what other individuals think and  or what other person’s want them to do. They are not going to take any possibilities and that they are going to do it their way even though it is not the right element to do.

Watch The Key Daily lifetime of the National Teenager Period 4 Episode 16: They Have to Eat on the internet on swiperTV.com and discover out if these youngster children can manage the liability of being both a parent or gaurdian or guardian and a student. I’m sure that you folks whose viewing are going to experience the discomfort and the ideas that these children are going to experience in this present of the present. This present has something to do about remaining, and that of course includes consuming. This is rather one of the most typical issues that United states citizens have these days. It’s not like it never occurred before, it’s more like it became much difficult and definitely a issue which is going to create them beg and or have their ideas all combined about having a household and or why’d they did such products.

The ability to reach large segments of the public is of great value in commerce, politics, and a society’s culture. The mass media are usually controlled by corporations (as in the United States) or by national governments (as in China). The mass-media industry employs professionals to conceive, produce, promote, and deliver communication products that are specifically designed to meet the goal of attracting large audiences. These products may be sold as objects (such as books—or downloaded e-books—or digital videodiscs [DVDs]) or exhibited for the price of a ticket or subscription (such as movies shown in cinemas or on premium or pay-for-view cable TV channels). Some services may be offered at no cash cost to consumers so as to create an audience for paid advertising (such as commercial television or radio broadcasts or Internet sites). Most newspapers and magazines are sold directly to the reader but depend on selling advertisements for their profitability. A growing number of newspapers and magazines are available online for no fee; this “freebie” has proved to be a challenge for the cash-strapped print media.

No communication technology is inherently a mass medium. Rather, it becomes such a medium through usage. Radio was invented at the end of the 19th century primarily for use as a two-way communication system to serve industrial shipping and naval operations. In the 1920s corporate decisions were made by several major electronics manufacturers to mass-produce inexpensive radio receivers for retail sale and to operate radio stations as incentives for consumers to buy those receivers. Thus radio broadcasting—a mass medium—was born; it quickly grew into the primary use of that medium. Television developed in the opposite way. It was first introduced to the general public as a mass medium in the late 1940s. Decades later the development of such supplementary appliances as the videocassette recorder and the home video camera allowed for its use as an interpersonal medium. The telephone has been an example of a medium of interpersonal communication that remained, primarily, just that. It was only occasionally used as a mass medium; telemarketers use computers to automatically dial thousands of phone numbers for the purpose of reaching a potential customer or playing recorded messages. Letter writing has historically been an interpersonal medium. Yet direct mailing of millions of letters of solicitation by post or by e-mail constitutes the use of the letter as a mass medium.

History

Mass media are essentially an industrial-era phenomenon. The first commercial printing industry during the early 18th century sprang up around London’s Grub Street. This is often cited as a beginning for mass media because of the recognizable economic system that was put into place. It was there that publishing found its early commercial applications; hand-operated printing presses were used to produce and reproduce thousands of copies of inexpensive literary products—including novels (”penny-dreadfuls”) and magazines. These were sold for profit to a growing audience of rudimentary readers. Publishing had previously depended on the clergy or the aristocracy for funding rather than on retail marketing.

A string of communication technologies were introduced during the 19th century and accelerated the development of the mass media. The invention of the steam-powered printing press (along with increasing literacy rates) gave rise to mass circulation of newspapers and magazines. These types of mass-produced print products—as well as books—were commonly available for sale in Europe and North America by the 1860s. Photography was invented in the 1820s. Methods for reproducing photographs in the print media were improved throughout the century and made such media ever more attractive to consumers. The development of still photography led to the invention of the motion picture. The cinema was an entirely new means of communication that showed great potential for mass-media application.

In the 1830s the telegraph was invented and was in practical use by the late 1840s. It was perhaps the single most important invention in the history of mass communication. It revolutionized existing media by supplying newspapers and magazines with a continuous stream of news dispatches from the region and even the nation. The Atlantic cable was completed in 1863; newspapers could then acquire information from around the world. Newspapers and magazines were bolstered by the resources of the telegraphic wire services and eventually achieved circulations numbering in the millions. Thus print became the first of the modern mass media.

Other types of media were gaining public attention on this scale by the turn of the 20th century. Silent movies became increasingly popular. Dramatic narratives provided the main audience draw, with the newsreel and the documentary film also garnering viewers. Attendance grew as the introduction of synchronous sound to feature films in 1927 married voice with picture.

The phonograph (invented in 1877) emerged as a mass medium as well. It achieved wider use as electrification of homes allowed for replacement of hand-cranked mechanical models. Sales of recordings reached mass proportions during the 1920s, with commercial radio used to popularize musical genres and to make stars of artists. The first U.S. commercial radio station went on the air in 1920. Radio networks linked stations in various parts of the country to carry a single program simultaneously by 1927.

By the mid-20th century, newspapers and magazines, movies, phonograph records, and radio programs were all conveniently available to most of the American population. These media provided many aspects of cultural learning to a sizable number of people. Eventually these mass media began to rival such traditional cultural determinants as family and religion. Some saw this as a natural and positive extension of democracy. Others criticized the mass media for failing to propagate existing culture and replacing it with a new mass culture based on consumerism at the expense of traditional or any other values.

Broadcast television emerged as the nexus of the mass media during the 1950s. It contained news, drama, cinema, music, and at least some content from all other mass media in a single, convenient home appliance. Television’s overwhelming functionality was soon dictating supplementary roles to other components of the mass media. Radio began to produce specialized programming for smaller target audiences. TV absorbed general-interest entertainment—from drama and comedy to variety—which had been among radio’s most popular attractions. Newspaper circulation had started to decline in the 1930s as radio journalism proved itself both faster and more popular. The number of daily U.S. newspapers began to drop precipitously with the spread of television. Most cities were left with only a single newspaper publisher. Many general-interest magazines disappeared as well; publishers sought the smaller and specialized audiences that television did not serve. Motion-picture attendance declined in the face of television’s at-home convenience.

Mass Media Today

Evolving technologies continue to drive the development of mass media. Instantaneous communication is a process that originated with the telegraph; it reached a milestone with the successful launchings of communications satellites into low Earth orbit. The first of these was Telstar 1 (1962). It orbited the Earth at a speed faster than the Earth revolves. This allowed for “windows” of time when video and audio transmissions could be made within a shifting orbital footprint. There are now dozens of high-capacity communications satellites in synchronous orbit; a reporter may attach a camera or microphone to a laptop computer and report live via satellite from virtually any location in the world.

The nationwide dissemination of cable TV was a process that took decades because of the necessity of seeking legal franchises in virtually every U.S. municipality. Cable subscription reached a saturation point in the late 1980s. The new mass medium began to remake TV in much the same way that the introduction of TV had remade radio and magazines. Cable channels sought smaller audiences with special target interests for advertisers specifically intent on reaching these audiences. But that changed in the first decade of the 21st century; both the number of cable channels and the size of audiences grew. Millions turned to cable news channels for presidential election coverage in 2008.

The 1990s, meanwhile, were marked by an explosive growth in online services for people who used computers and had access to the Internet. Critics hoped that the Internet might offer an alternative or even a counterforce to mass-media influence over public taste and public opinion (with e-mail, newsgroups, and chat rooms).

Mass-media ownership was characterized by concentration of ownership through mergers and acquisitions in the late 20th and the early 21st century. In the United States a consistent trend of deregulation since the 1980s left most of the television industry (as well as other mass media) in the hands of fewer than a dozen companies.

The 2001 merger of Time Warner—an integrated mass-media company with holdings in publishing, film and television, radio, recording, and just about every other form of mass communication—with America Online (AOL), the then-largest Internet service provider, epitomized this trend. This deal, however, was struck at the height of enthusiasm for Internet and media stocks. When new technologies were created, new online providers jumped in. AOL began to lose many of its users. This was followed by highs and lows in the stock market; a recession ensued in 2007. Time Warner and AOL “divorced” in 2009. As part of the split, Time Warner kept the entertainment site TMZ (Thirty Mile Zone) as well as CNN (Cable News Network), HBO (Home Box Office), TBS (Turner Broadcasting System), and TNT (Turner Network Television).

Large media companies—such as General Electric, Westinghouse, News Corporation, and the Bertelsmann Group—also lost their luster by the end of the first decade of the new millennium. Their success had been fueled largely by a surplus of stock portfolios and the oversized presence—and dreams—of modern moguls.

Mass Media and Democracy

When mass-media ownership was in the hands of a limited number of companies, fewer communicators (and fewer types of communicators) were available to supply users with content. Although this changed with the advent of the Internet, television—both network and cable—remained the major source of news for many individuals. Political or social biases (whether perceived or actual) in the media have compelled some viewers to identify themselves in political terms—liberal, conservative, radical, reactionary. Many of these viewers, in turn, read or watch media material that accords with their own ideology.

The challenge to active participation in democracy was further compounded when the mass media seemed to be in concert about which issues to cover. Some critics think that the inclusion of foreign-based news organizations broadens the variety of American news coverage. Evidence of this appeared during the 2003 Iraq War; radio and television coverage included that by the British Broadcasting Corporation. The fact that a number of important American newspapers (and television stations) are moving to outsource foreign coverage in order to save money may have a significant effect on domestic issues in the future.

The diminishing coverage of world events is the result of budget constraints; it may also be caused by physical inaccessability to newsworthy places because of censorship or lack of a free press. Foreign reporters were banned from Iran after the controversial presidential election of 2009. Yet thousands of videos taken by Iranian citizens during election protests were uploaded to the social media site YouTube and were broadcast on TV stations and Internet sites around the world. In this way, a degree of public access to world news is growing; making this growth possible are new technology and participation of individuals who make their images available to the mass media.

The Effects of Mass Media

Because of their central position as a source of cultural and social learning, the mass media are easily, and often, blamed for many of society’s ills. Some researchers believe that the mass media shape the way people view the world, especially when people have little direct experience. Others point to the media as providing role models—positive and negative—imitated by members of the audience. The portrayal of violence in the media is perhaps the most prominent issue. Other behavioral areas are of concern as well, such as explicit sex or extremely coarse language. These arguments tend to be based on a couple of suppositions: one is that the experience of content presented by contemporary mass media differs in some qualitative way from material that people have been exposed to since the beginning of social communication; the other is that individuals will copy or be influenced by what they view. Attempts to hold mass-media corporations legally responsible for the criminal acts of the consumers of their products have failed. A general consensus has been reached that people will have to continue to be responsible for their own behaviors in the age of mass media.

`Everyone is responsible to promote love with respect, love with self- control and love with LOVE. How can you love with out love? of course by disrespecting your partner.

`But, there is one thing for sure we are agreeing with; media have forgotten to promote love, morality and character, instead they are promoting sex, crimes, violence, abortion, divorce, disrespect, hatred and a lot more.

`What included media? television, internet, radio, newspaper, magazine and technologies. Most of their shows are really hazardous to children. Poisoning the mind of everyone through ads that saying “it is alright, everyone does it”.

`Unfortunately, everyone loves media. We need it. But media are irresponsible in many ways.

`Who will love waiting? Who will love the idea of sex after marriage? Who will engage himself to a promise and vow, no kissing until we reach the altar?

`Hard! right? But this is God’s plan in humanity, to enjoy  sex with his presence, blessings and favor. Sex is sacred and holy thing before God, because He is the maker of sex. 

`Because of our disobedience to God, we are now experiencing poverty, illness and sicknesses, broken family, no peace in heart, and ruin.

`Maybe waiting is not easy but it is worth trying for.

  Sex is awesome feeling, and it will be more awesome in God’s perfect timing.

Day after day I come home to the same TV and the same comfortable pillowtop mattress with the same laptop. I have found contentment in pecking away at my keyboard while my TV plays something on Netflix in the background for noise replacing a familiar voice from a friend. Forget the days of trying to figure out what’s going on in town, forget trying to hang out in search of for what seems now empty laughs and conversation. My quiet home has become my closest friend now. It doesn’t tell me of the woes of its life. It doesn’t chock my mind full of negative thoughts because someone hurt its feelings or is sleeping with its spouse. All the negative speak that comes with getting to know someone better. These days, my life is empty enough but I don’t need it filled with keeping up with someone’s life and helping them cope with their situations.

But on the other end of that are the joys in someone’s life that my comfort in being antisocial has caused me to miss out on. The laughs that I think are empty could positively intertwine its way into my thoughts and bring a smile to my face when I am feeling down but I choose not to even give it a chance. Am I missing out on human contact and all that is needed to keep my own self human? Human contact is crucial in life to keep you sane, to keep you in the loop of civilization. Gaining insight of human nature from television only is unnatural. And only receiving human contact from work isn’t natural either. Depending on who you have to associate with, human contact through work can cause forced interactions but it’s still a form of socialization I suppose. One, that at this stage in my life, I want to do without as well.

There are many times in our lives we do have to deal with things that cause us a wide range of negative emotions that if we were to cut ourselves off from the world we wouldn’t have to deal with them. From stress on the job dealing with a co-worker’s issue to someone crying to you about someone they know being afflicted with a crippling disease, we can just give a shrug, disconnect and crawl back into ourselves and not give a flip. But is it right to shelter our own selves from these types of emotions? Can we prevent the amount of negatives in our life? But at what cost? Situations of tragedy and situations of elation often go hand in hand. I would love to live in a world where only uplifting things happened but that will not always be the case in life. So by me cutting my emotions off towards others because I only want to hear good things in order to not take on the stress or the downtrodden feelings of another, doesn’t make me much of a human being. I’m no longer sure if it’s my environment, my only-child syndrome ways, my comfort in being anti-social or what that keeps me with a desire of wanting to be left alone. All I know is that as I get older in my life I find myself distancing myself away from those that I know and even those that I love. In a sense, I feel that this cuts down on any stress that can present itself in my life. But by distancing myself could I be missing out on possible joys that could make my life less stressed as well?

2011 Hot Christmas Gifts
We start counting down; so here you go…

Number 10 – Xbox 360 with Kinect
You are the controller! That’s what the new Xbox 360 with Kinect is providing the gamers with. Now, let go of the handheld controllers and become one yourself. The all new and revolutionary Kinect sensors transport the gamer into the television itself with your inside-the-idiot-box avatar doing exactly what you do in front of the sensors. And with Kinect Adventures bundle you’re sure to come across adventures that you always wished you could partake in. See a ball? Kick it! Want to join a friend in fun? Simply Join in! A brilliant gift for the entire family or just your game lover of a friend or relative!

Number 9 – 3D LCD/LED Televisions
If you have a big budget, this could well support the above gift or be a perfect standalone gift. Gaming like above can really come alive if played on a 3D television. Normal television viewing on big LCD/LED television is good and all, but there’s just something extraordinarily mesmerizing about 3D when it throws the football right at your face during your favorite game or takes the movie watching experience to an all new high with all the action happening as if you were right in the middle of it. Again, it’s a fantastic gift to give to your family or to friends this Christmas season. The fun is right here!

Number 8 – Apple iPad 2
PCs and laptops are soon becoming things of the past. It’s the new generation of Tablet computing: the generation of Apple iPad. Loaded with extraordinary features, the new Apple iPad is smart computing right in your hands: thinner, lighter, and full of ideas. With 10 hour of battery backup, it’s even giving laptops and netbooks a run for their money. With dual core A5 chips (does twice the work at same time), it’s got superfast graphics, LED backlit display, Wi-Fi & 3G, two cameras front and back, multi-touch functionality, and whole lot more; no recipient of this gift from the present generation will be able to thank you as much he/she would like to.

Number 7 – Espresso Coffee Machine
In the midst of the chill of the winter that runs during the Christmas season, and after being tired from setting all the decorations, guests & gifts handling; there’s nothing like a piping hot cup of fine espresso coffee to send your tired senses into a state of ecstasy and infuse back into you the spirit of the season. Gift an espresso coffee machine from a reputed brand to your near and dear ones and allow them them to savor every sip of that freshly brewed coffee without giving up on the excellent taste and quality and without having to run to Starbucks every time there’s a craving.

Number 6 – Sports/Concert Tickets
All will agree that the hectic schedule of festivity before and after Christmas can take a lot out of us. At this time, many of us wish to get away to spend some time doing things we love all year round (festivity or no festivity). And if at such a time, somebody gifts us with exactly what we’re wishing to do and get away from the routine of the season, the joy of the season is sure to get multiplied. Even if you can’t get away from the routine in a way you like, you surely aid your loved one in getting away with it: by gifting tickets of a sports event or concert that’s in town. It’s a gift whose memory will be cherished for a long time to come.

Number 5 – Golf Clubs
Christmas isn’t just for the young bloods with all the cravings for latest technologies. Sweetest pleasures are also derived from the simplest of things. The gift number 5 is exactly that: simplest pleasure derived out of just clubbing a golf ball into the hole with finesse while playing with your golf buddies. Yes, a set of golf clubs can make for the loveliest and most adored gift to your golfing father or uncle.

Number 4 – Clothes
Be it 30 years before or the present year, new clothes just can’t be out of demand or love. Doesn’t matter what month or season of the year it is, clothes are one of the most loved gifts to give and receive. You can either choose to take your loved one shopping or shop on your own and bring home the clothes neatly wrapped up as gifts. You can also choose to shop for accessories that you think will go well with the clothes. Keep your loved one’s size of clothing and preferences in mind before you go shopping for them.

Number 3 – Foot Massager
The gift number 3 will have the users release a sigh of relief and bless you every time they put their feet on it. Foot massagers from numerous brands are gaining a huge fan base among the gifting community. The Christmas season brings in a time of peace and solitude, away from daily traveling from home to office and back. It’s a time to relax and to let go of all the cares of non-festive routine. And foot massager is surely a way to go about, or shall we say – gift about. Not only these massagers are reasonably priced, the ease with which they drive the pain and stiffness out of the feet is remarkable. Just put your foot down for this gift and let the feet of your near and dear ones be smoothened.

Number 2 – Pet
For those born with inerasable maternal instincts, there’s nothing more pleasurable than having to take care of someone. Keeping this in mind, gifting a pet is surely not a bad option. On the contrary, it will definitely be a gift that will be cherished with utmost love and care, reminding the recipient of the thought behind it. If you have someone in the family or friends who’s an animal lover and a caretaker by heart, a pet will make up as the best gift that they could’ve ever gotten. Added joy to the spirit of Christmas season!

Number 1 – Amazon Kindle
In the first position we have a gift that has the makings of one of the most innovative and best gifts to give during the Christmas season. Whether you’re looking for a gift for your mom, wife, girlfriend, sister, your favorite aunt, or a friend who loves to read; Amazon Rekindle is the thing for you that is sure to rekindle the spirit of reading in them. It can store up to 3500 eBooks and will please both casual and avid readers alike. Having 50% more contrast, the stuff in it can be read clearly in sunlight as well: a fine way to read your favorite book while bathing under the crisp sun of the winter sky or reading on the go. Truly an amazing gift!

     Having watched forms of violence on television throughout my childhood, you would suspect that I’d fall into the category of children who were destructed by violence on television. However, such programming has not affected my aggression. I’m in the same mood at the end of a horror flick as I am at the beginning. The same goes for my family as well. We are all aggressive in our own way, but it isn’t caused by television. It is my belief that aggression is genetically encoded into our being.

     Violence on television was mirrored by man. It isn’t just some wild idea someone had. Most horror films are adaptations of news stories from infamous serial killers such as Ted Bundy, Jack the Ripper and the most mimicked being Ed Gein, whose heinous crimes were inspiration for horror flicks such as “Texas Chainsaw Massacre”, “Psycho” and “Silence of the Lambs”. Death, murder and violence are not the corrupt images of filmmakers that were imagined and brought to life through film. Throughout history, from the beginning of our history, violence has been a glorified means of justification, self-worth, survival, defense and used as an attempt to control the surrounding world outside of ourselves.

     Aggressive people and acts of violence have been around centuries longer than television. Caesar’s campaigns, Vlad the Impaler, numerous wars and battles, the Aztec human sacrifices, the rise and fall of the Roman Empire and the Salem Witch Trials are all depictions of incredible violence. Humans have forever been the source of violence for reasons ranging from personal or religious beliefs to greed and prosperity and survival.

     For a more modern day example, we can take a look at the Yanomami Indians. The Yanomami Indians are an indigenous tribe currently living in the Amazon. If a husband does not beat his wife and she does not bare enough bruises and scars, she believes her husband does not love her. The men will also travel to neighboring villages to scare away or kill men of another tribe, brutally murder the infants and small children and take the captured young females back as secondary wives to use for child bearing. Not having been exposed to the media’s depiction of violence, they should, by studies claim, be the most passive and peaceful people, yet they are not. As horrific as violence among the Yanomami tribes may be, it’s used as a means of not only survival, but the continuance of their tribe.

     Television isn’t the first form of violence we have been exposed to, nor is it the only form that has been labeled as cause for violence. Reading materials, video games and music have all been a said cause for violence also. In all actuality, if you really want to get down to the very first widespread exposure to violence it would be found in what many people find peace in. It was in 1456 that Gutenberg printed the very first book and the first form of media, by definition, was produced and distributed. This book was the Bible. The stories of Cain and Abel, Abram and Sarai, Moses, the Pharaoh and yes, even God himself, all tell the tale of committing acts of malevolent violence.

     I do agree that being subjected to violence, whether it be televised, heard, read or witnessed in reality is correlated to trigger aggression, but I do not agree that media is a direct causation. Aggression is a natural part of who we are. Violence has been prevalent throughout history, passed down from generation to generation. I also believe that desensitization is the result of the evolution of the brain. Living in a world where violence has always and will forever surround us it only makes sense that our brains develop a way to protect itself from harm. Could you imagine what a fear stricken useless species we would be without developing a way to cope with tragedy? If we feared everything we’ve been subjected to the human species would have gone extinct as the result of becoming easy prey for other predators.