Iraq determined by the development of the world, even the UN made various efforts to recover Iraq.

Still occur due to violence, abuse of women, and security is not yet stable, the United Nations to determine a variety of positive steps.

The need for action from the UN, became part of a good impression in an effort to provide a form of support for Iraq. Because the Iraq situation is still not improved.

The UN has gathered 35 suggestions, and a list in restoring the situation in Iraq. This is a good support efforts for the country.

After experiencing a long war, Iraq again determine the steps to remedy the situation.

UN support may be going well, because the situation in Iraq was in need of a motivator.

The aim of the United Nations resolution was to observe a day of peace and nonviolence but on the same day a lot of violence occurs. The same people who are in the forefront to observe the day allow violence and bombardment to achieve their commercial aims.

 Although an ever-increasing number of people worldwide, representing a wide variety of religious and spiritual traditions, have joined the purpose yet violence is on the increase.

The following objective:

“To encourage worldwide, 24-hour spiritual observations for peace and nonviolence on the International Day of Peace, 21 September in every house of worship and place of spiritual practice, by all religious and spiritually based groups and individuals, and by all men, women and children who seek peace in the world.” are the words only as scribed by the scriber to mitigate the intensity feelings of those who want real peace in the world.

When analysing the gains and losses in conflict, one often needs to establish a standard point. Is there such thing as “the greater good”? Are some people more valuable or more disposable than others? We often see a heirarchy of importance when it comes to wars or battles in history. In medieval times, kings would rule wide areas of land and if a few hundred peasants were to die from a disease (like the plague) or were captured by a neighbouring tribe, there would not be too much fuss. However, the death of a prince, or, heaven forbid, a king, would cause upheaval amongst the civilian population. Times have changed, however, some of the old ways are still echoed in modern society. The assassination of JFK caused chaos in the media and is an event that is still talked about today, and still holds weight, decades after. Althought one might argue that it is injust to position one person above another (aren’t we all humans?), this has always been the case within social communities and nations.

A great philosopher once said “without conflict, there would be no change.” One might argue that change is necessary and has enabled us as humans to reach the position we are in today. Therefore, conflict is necessary. However, the idea of change does not necessarily ring the same bell as the idea of conflict and often we believe that one can occur without the other. This is not the case. The Tiananmen Square Massacre began as a peaceful protest. A group of students, unhappy with the current government regime, trying to bring about a change. Yet, we all know how that turned out. Hundreds of innocent people slaughtered, the government putting a nail in the proverbial coffin of change. In Graham Greene’s ‘The Quiet American’, Pyle is the one wanting to bring about a change. His education in York Harding and stubborn ideals of democray ensure that he meets the same fate as those innocent students in Tiananmen Square. He falls victim to the idea of improving he lives of the Vietnamese, who according to Fowler, just want rice. In the end, it is evident that Pyle paid the highest price, and achieved nothing of what he set out to do.

Althought it is easy to focus solely on the negatives in conflict, positives do exist, even if they are few and far between. Like the Lybian people, the Vietnamese also fought for their political beliefs. The Viet Minh believed in a Communist regime and spent many years in battle with the UN, the French, the Americans, and even their fellow countrymen. After close to a decade of fighting the opposing democratic nations, America finally pulled out of Vietnam, and a few years later, Vietnam became a COmmunist nation. Al the death, destruction and loss had finally resulted in a victory for the people; a victory that has lasted to this day. In this situation, the popular consensus would be that the gains in conflict outweighed the losses. 

As we know, conflict does not only occur on a large scale. Personal conflicts occur frequently and often involves losses such as psychological damage and suffering. The Quiet American illustrated many occasions where this is all too evident. The climax of the novel involves somewhat, a betrayal of Pyle by Fowler, ultimately leading to his death. Although this was arguably in the best interest of Vietnam and may have done a great deal of good on a grand scale, the repurcussions for Fowler and the mental scarring will probably remain with him for the rest of his life. He acknoqledges his fate when he says in the closing line, “I wished there was someone to whom I could say that I was sorry,” summing up the extent of his internal trauma.

Whether the gains outweigh the losses or the other way around is impossible to decide with conviction. One cannot make such a decision considering all the people involved and possible consequences. The only thing that can be said is that in conflict, there is always a gain, and there is always a loss.

Cover of The Quiet American

People start wars for few reasons:
they feel insulted/threatened by someone else;
they need another nation’s resources;
they need to show “someone else” that they
    are worthy of something specific;
their problem escalates into a war;
and a few just get bored.

Ghengis Khan, Kings, Mohammad, Alexander, Hitler and others. The United Nations is supposed to help some categories of people.  Unfortunately, some idiots felt that they had to add the two most dangerous nations on earth to the UN or things would not be “fair,” China and Russia.  Of course
every time a vote is rendered to help a nation, Russia or China say “No, let them work it out
on their own.”  Of course, it is China’s or Russia’s
affiliates who are creating the problem and the UN feels it is not fair to point this out.

So, a new law needs to be written, for the UN and other world bodies.

This law says “We have been attacked or we are about to be attacked.”  Please stop the attacker.  Simple as that.  That would make the strongest nations announce whether they are being offensive
or defensive.  Instead of having US or British forts/bases around the world, there would be UN forces
around the world.  However, we have UN forts or bases around the world now.  Somewhere between the founding of the UN and today, however, something went wrong.  Excluding the need to protect oil producing nations [absurd]–it seems as though a nation can only seek protection when it has specific assets beneficial to the world OTHER than oil.

This problem of “help us” leads us into, however, a probable non so merry go round. “He looks intimidating to us, please stop him from looking intimidating.”  Not adequate. Our own president is going on the rampage. Now this seems like the perfect time to bring in the UN.  Why stop?  Precedent.  Some of those nations are run by kings who want to remain king and kings are allowed to rule without using democracy. Kings have no motivation to give up their rule. What does the world then do?  It should be logical; force democracy onto kings.  Force democracy onto presidents of socialist and Communist nations.

On the surface, this seems ideal and the perfect solution.   Forcing people to be law abiding. But democracy does not mean just being law abiding–it means the right to vote.  The right not to have to abide by a religious faction or a specific religion.  We already had the 100 years wars. Christianity vs Islam.  Yet, few nations and few students of Islam believe that anything other than Islam is good for anyone.  Though Christians have attacked or harmed other nations [Brazil] because the natives practiced a religion too brazen for Christians.  Nudity was/is outlawed. Partner sharing was/is outlawed.  But this is  solved in different nations by having a separation of church and state.  A church can ex-communicate a member but the government cannot jail or force out of the nation, those who practice free will adult sexual activities.  Hmm.

The Communist nations want central power. To eliminate anyone or any political power who will restrict the central body aims. 

Socialists want much of what the Communists want.  Power for the special few.

Democrats purportedly want equal for all. In general, throughout the world, democracy –NOT PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF SO AND SO–, is for equality for all.  Anyone following the rules, can reach any fiscal value, can run for any office, and must treat others fairly. 

There is limitless benefit in democracy for all if all play fairly.  PDR is just another name for Communism.

If the UN can create a law where one’s political party is not relevant–everyone can win.  Except, those who are Communists and Socialists ALREADY want to rule the world. They want power for themselves, no equality for anyone. They, thus, do not need anything the UN has. They in fact, are the greatest enemies of the UN.

The UN is needed to keep Communists and Socialists from attacking Democratic nations.

So maybe a new social/political body is needed that prohibits Socialist and Communist nations from being members.

But, would that be any different from having what we have now?  For all time and eternity, those who feel the need to be kings, and rulers want to keep those powers and those who wish equality for all–wish that for all. Isn’t it odd that in Democracy, we can’t really say Equality for all because two of those bodies want it all for themselves!

IF the new UN or ACOMSOC [anti Communist and Socialist body] simply faced each Communist nation, one by one and attacked it until it gave in to Democracy….within 1-2 years, every nation would be democratic.

The results of a full democratic nation:

incomes would skyrocket.  Infrastructures would be improved immensely making thousands of cities livable and safe and dynamic.  Hundreds more hospitals, and schools would be built and no more attacks on females being educated. Those who are radical would be taught that they may think any way they want but they may not restrict women’s ideas, actions or sexuality.  Mohammad has his ideas and those who wish to follow them may do so but ONLY as long as they do not infringe on others.   Any Mosque that has members who are found to be fringe and harmful will cause that Mosque to be disbanded and its leader, jailed.

I will call, for now, this new body, Kemper’s World Peace protection
Org.

M Nuh had reason that CCTV is so familiar in nowadays..Many place now had been using CCTV. So why CCTV become victim for blaming?? Why must be stress because of CCTV??

The Picture of CCTV

Minister of Education and culture say that the  CCTV for using the technology that make easier the effort of monitoring and security. The application in the teaching process is normally things and why become problem??

and about the police officer during the national examinations (UN) is for ensuring that the security of the exams sheets.. One of key UN is security things.

The illustration “The National examinations (UN)”

The distribution of Exams sheet 

I do hope this national examinations (UN) will run smoothly and without interruptions. 

Blood drips from his mouth and tears streak across his swollen cheeks as he lays naked on the cold concrete. Heavy blows from fist and boot have left him bruised and broken. His ordeal has only just begun as his captors drag him to his feet to continue with their “interrogation.” Before they are done with him he will be beaten, nearly drowned, shocked, mutilated and humiliated.

According to international law torture cannot be employed by any government under any circumstances. The United Nations defines torture as follows:

Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity (Einolf 102).

The thought that, in the scene above, the role of the captors has been played by US officials is a frightening one. One of the most important emotions that define humanity is empathy. The idea of losing that because of fear or hate is unbearable.   

The United Nations still currently forms peace all around the world as it did when it first started. With hundreds of countries, the UN creates relations and allies with them. In 1945, its original purpose was to stop the axis powers from continuing the war, but now serves a greater purpose for the people. The UN affects the citizens of the world. They try and mostly succeed in preventing wars and even genocides. The UN even supplies countries that have been struck with war, or hit by a natural disaster with medical care, food, water, and shelter. On example of the UN’s effort in order to keep peace was back in the Korean War, the UN Forces was created and helped maintain the peace between the Koreas (Adams, 1). The United Nations does a great effort to ensure the safety of the international people. Still to this day, the United Nations protects and serves the public to great extents.

Works Cited:

“United Nations.” The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ideas. 2007: n.pag. SIRS Renaissance. Web. 27 Mar 2012. <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SCT0642-0-1016&artno=0000267924&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=UN%20history&title=United%20Nations&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Parrish, Thomas. The Cold War Encyclopedia. 1st ed. New York City: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1996. Print.

Thurgood-Marshall, first African-American U.S. Supreme Court Justice

How much do you know about the events and people who have shaped African-American history?

Test Your Knowledge with Daybreak Africa’s Trivia Contest

Today’s Question

Who is the first man in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA) to score 30,000 points?  

Yesterday’s Question

Who is the first African-American Supreme Court Justice?   ANSWER:  Thurgood Marshall

How to Participate

Listen to Daybreak Africa on the radio or check here on the website.  Every day, Monday through Friday, we will ask our TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY.

call us at +1 202-205-9942.  The winners will be selected from the correct answers received.  Listen to Daybreak Africa each morning to see if you’ve won.

While many Americans are familiar with black slavery in the South during the 19th Century and its role in igniting the nation’s great Civil War, less attention has been paid to the black experience in northern cities such as New York, where so-called “freedmen” lived.

Now, a new book, “Black Gotham,” by University of Maryland Professor Carla Peterson, shines a light on their remarkable stories.

Much of the history of black 19th-Century New York has been lost, in part because it was eclipsed in the popular imagination by the saga of southern slavery. Additionally, mostly-white academic historians minimized the contributions of African-Americans. And no comprehensive archive of black life existed until the 20th Century, when the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture was established.

Peterson’s ancestors were distinguished members of the city’s black elite and she felt theirs was a powerful story that needed to be told. She spent 11 years researching and writing her book.

John T. Consoli’Black Gotham’ author Carla Peterson

“Writing this book was very important to me,” says Peterson. “It was a journey of hard work, but also of love and passion.”

Led by free blacks such as clergyman Alexander Crummell, newspaper editor Charles Ray and businessman George Downing, members of New York’s black elite tried to establish themselves as full Americans, not merely as “Africans” or “coloreds” as black slaves had once been called and called themselves.

Like members of outsider groups before and since, this African-American elite considered education to be the key to full citizenship. They also embraced values of character and responsibility.

“A good, upright moral citizen, valuing temperance, a Protestant ethic of hard work, sobriety and all those kinds of inner values. Respectability then is the outward manifestation of character,” says Peterson. “It’s in your appearance, how you dress, how you comport yourself, especially when you’re out on the streets of New York, and especially with whites. No loud, boisterous behavior but being utterly respectable and respectful.”

‘Black Gotham’ explores the history and contributions of New York’s black elite during the 19th Century.

That didn’t mean the status quo went unchallenged. Peterson’s book describes salon-style meetings in the back of James McCune Smith’s pharmacy. Smith, who was one of antebellum New York’s most important black leaders, hosted lively debates about voting rights for blacks and the abolition of slavery.

Alliances with whites were often forged. And like white New Yorkers, many in “Black Gotham” also wanted to be rich – but success could be fleeting.

“You see black New Yorkers make tremendous gains and then lose. Gains in terms of entrepreneurship, finding a trade, finding a profession, setting down roots, buying property, and feeling they were at last becoming a genuine part of city life. They would refer to ‘color-phobia’ as ‘fast disappearing in our city.’ But then there would be a loss.”

Racial violence was also an issue. Peterson cites a riot in 1834, which began in a chapel where both black and white choirs were scheduled to rehearse at the same time.

“And the white choir went nuts. It was only a pretext, but a race riot broke out, and a lot of black property was damaged. Saint Philip’s Episcopal Church, which was the church of my family, was desecrated.”  

The Draft Riots of July 1863, during the height of the Civil War, were an especially low point in the history of black New York.  When President Abraham Lincoln instituted a military draft, many immigrants, especially the Irish, thought they were being asked to fight and perhaps to die in a war being waged for the benefit of blacks. Angry mobs set out to destroy the dwellings and businesses of the city’s prosperous African-Americans.

But there was also some goodwill between the races. Peterson’s great grandfather owned a pharmacy in a largely Irish neighborhood. He was known as a kind man who gave free medicine and clothes to the poor.

“So they came to see him as a pillar of the community. So at the time of the Draft Riots he was warned to leave. A group of white merchants in the area came to him and said ‘You’d better get out. Your pharmacy is going to be attacked.’ And he said, ‘As many men who are going to come and attack me, there will be as many who come to defend me.’ And that is exactly what happened. His Irish neighbors protected his pharmacy.”

Then as now, New York was an ethnic melting pot, and Peterson says many black New Yorkers saw themselves as citizens of the world. Her own ancestors had roots in England, Haiti, Jamaica, Venezuela, American Indian territory as well as Africa.

She points out that more than a century later, many American blacks still lack the educational and economic opportunities that the mainstream enjoys. But Peterson adds that she has been gratified to learn that many black groups are inspired by the struggles and incremental successes of 19th-Century “Black Gotham.”

Many processed food products today are sweetened with high fructose corn syrup.  But concerns that corn syrup might be contributing to obesity has led many food manufacturers to turn to organic brown rice syrup, believing it to be a healthier alternative to the high fructose corn syrup.  

Now, researchers say that brown rice syrup may be an unintended source of arsenic, a highly toxic metallic element that’s been shown to increase the risk of cancer when present in drinking water.

A researcher at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at Dartmouth University in New Hampshire, Brian Jackson, says scientists were curious about the amount of arsenic in foods consumed by babies.

“Because of their low body weight, if they are exposed to arsenic, then they are exposed to a disproportionately high exposure rate on a high kilogram body weight basis,” Jackson said.

Jackson, who led the study, and colleagues randomly purchased more than a dozen baby formulas to test them for the presence of arsenic. He says almost all the formulas contained very low or trace amounts of arsenic, including those that had rice starch.

“And then I selected two other formulas that I found in a local supermarket, brought those back to the lab, tested them and they turned out to be 20 to 30 times higher than any of the other formulas that we tested. So when we get an anomalous result like that, we retested this and got the same results again.  And at that point I turned a jar around and looked at the label and the first ingredients in that label were organic brown rice syrup,” Jackson said.

Researchers found high levels of inorganic arsenic, the most toxic form, in soy based formula.

Jackson explains that growing rice needs a mineral in soil called silica.  But Jackson says arsenic is chemically a lot like silica, and the growing rice plant takes up both silica as well as arsenic, which is also in the ground. When the rice is fermented to make organic rice syrup, Jackson says the arsenic dissolves easily in the watery brew and becomes part of the syrup.

For this reason, Jackson urges parents to read the label on baby food products and to think twice before purchasing infant foods that contain organic rice syrup.

“I would recommend that.  Obviously the amount of arsenic –  it varies in rice depending upon the cultivar of rice, where the rice is grown — so you are going to get that same variation in brown rice syrups.  It’s true that rice as a grain takes up more arsenic than other grains,” Jackson said.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a statement saying it is not aware of any baby formulas that contain organic brown rice syrup.  An agency spokeswoman said FDA regulators are studying aresenic in all rice and rice products and could issue recalls after the report is completed later this year.

An article on arsenic concentrations in baby food and other products is published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.