Rakhi Sharma and Awadhesh Kishore

Institute for Development of Technology for Rural Advancement, Mathura-281004 INDIA

Sarvoday Mahavidyalaya, Chaumuhan-581406, Mathura INDIA

Objective:

In present study an attempt has been made with the object to study the perception of teacher trainees of Uttar Pradesh (India) from various classes on the item “Whether sex education is required to avoid development of inferiority in the children.”

Methodology:

The teacher trainees in Uttar Predesh (India) were asked whether sex education is required to avoid development of inferiority in the children.” The sample size was 200 including 124 males and 76 females and 100 each of two systems of education viz. traditional and distance. The survey was conducted with the respondents of 23 districts out of 75. The age group of the respondents was 22 to 35 years. Chi square analysis was implemented to draw valid conclusions from the observations.

Findings:

Significant (p<0.01) majority of teacher trainees (69%) was perceived that sex education is required to avoid development of inferiority in the child with χ2= value equal to 19.92.

Female teacher trainees were also presented their significantly positive (p<0.01) view in this direction with a majority of 79% and χ2 value equal to 17.80, however, the majority of male teacher trainees was just 59% and remained non-significant (p>0.01) with χ2 value equal to 17.80.

Teacher trainees under traditional system of education were recorded to be non-significant (p>0.01) to present their positive view to provide sex education for avoiding development of inferiority of 63% χ2 value equal to 5.00, however, the majority of teacher trainees under distance system of education was remained significantly positive 75% with χ2 value equal to 14.92.

As far as the interaction between the two genders the teacher trainees i.e. male and female and two systems of education i.e. traditional and distance are concerned, highest support to the theory that sex education is required to avoid development of inferiority in the children was received from female teacher trainees under traditional system of education with a majority of 86% and χ2 value equal to 17.80, followed by those of females under distance education system with a majority of 72% and χ2 value equal to 4.84 and males under traditional system with a majority of 64% and χ2 value equal to 1.96,  Lowest support to the theory was given by the male teacher trainees under distance system of education with a majority of just 54% with χ2 value equal to 0.16.

Flag of India

India’s national flag is tricolored—saffron at the top, white in the middle and green at the bottom in equal proportions, which represents courage, purity and fertility respectively. The navy blue wheel, the Dram Chara (the wheel of law) which has 24 spokes, is there at the center of the flag

National Emblem of India

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A replica of the Lion of Sabbath, near Varanasi in Utter Prudish State is the national emblem of India. The emblem rests on a circular abacus which in turn rests on a lotus in full bloom, representing the source of life and creative inspiration. Four lion heads are there- symbolizing power, courage and confidence. There’re four animals—the lion, the elephant, the horse and the bull that guards the north, east, south and west respectively. There is a motto inscribed below the emblem in Devanagari which says “Truth Alone Triumphs”

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In 1976, a farmer in northern India became alarmed when he was informed of his own death. Lal Bihari was in the process of applying for a loan when the bank representative delivered the bad news, and it wasn’t just that his loan had been denied. He was clearly a breathing, animated, fifteen-year-old, and he exhibited none of the classic symptoms of zombiism, yet government records indicated that he was no longer among the living. There was even a death certificate bearing his name.

There was no arguing that he appeared to be alive, but such evidence turned out to be insufficient to correct the error. After some investigation Bihari learned that his situation was not due to some administrative blunder, but rather it was due to an act of fraud. An unscrupulous uncle had bribed a government worker to provide a false death certificate, as well as bribing another fellow at the local Land Registry Office. For less than $100, the uncle had gained the title to Bihari’s farmland in Uttar Pradesh, leaving no legally living soul to challenge the claim. As Lal Bihari began the lengthy effort to bring himself back to life and reclaim his stolen lands, he discovered that there were many others like him, and that the death-by-paper practice was widespread in the region of India known as the “badlands.”

In order to bring attention and justice to the throngs of the undead , Bihari formed Mritak Sangh, the Association of the Dead. Many were worse off than he, suffering beatings and threats from the family members who had defrauded them. Many of them were even in danger of losing their real lives at the hands of those who had profited from their “demise.” No land owner was completely safe from the treachery, including a a man named Maha Prasad who worked as a police constable for six years while legally dead. Over time, Mritak Sangh’s membership grew over 10,000– with some estimates as high as 20,000– though no official tally has ever been made. Apparently the culture of fraud and theft is fertilized by a mixture of scarce farmland, high crime rate, and fierce family rivalries.

For eighteen years Bihari battled the bureaucracy and corruption in an effort to once again be listed among the living. Finding that all official channels led to dead ends, Bihari resorted to more dramatic measures. He arranged his own funeral, applied for a widow’s pension for his wife, kidnapped the son of the uncle who stole his land, threatened murder, threw leaflets at lawmakers, publicly insulted judges, and even tried running for Prime Minister. He went so far as to add the word “Mritak”– meaning “dead”– to the end of his name. “The Late Lal Bihari” created these public scenes in hopes of being arrested and thereby forcing the government to acknowledge his existence, but each time he was merely beaten by police or rebuked for wasting officials’ time.

At long last, in 1994, a local District Magistrate helped restore Bihari to legal life and his lands were returned to him. He was thirty-three years old. After over eighteen years as a dead man– more than half of his life– he relinquished the land to the very uncle who had originally arranged for his premature death. His uncle was so ashamed that he begged Bihari for forgiveness.

Following his own success, Lal Bihari the Living has continued his efforts to raise the dead in India’s badlands. At an official tally in 1999, the Association of the Dead had helped to resurrect roughly thirty people by virtue of having their death certificates annulled, but of those thirty only four have had their lands restored. In 2003 Bihari was awarded the Ig Nobel Peace Prize– a parody of the famous Nobel Peace Prize– citing his extensive and selfless “posthumous activities.”

It is rumored that India’s movie capital of Bollywood is planning to produce a film adaptation of Bihari’s near-death experience. Perhaps such a movie will help bring needed attention to the thousands of walking undead whose lands have been misappropriated by ruthless family members, and help bring an end to this widespread practice. After all, trifling with zombies rarely– if ever– works out for the best.

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BJP leader L.K.Advani’s Jan Chetan yatra, which lasted for 40 days and covered 7,600 KM, finally culminated at New Delhi. He rallied Jan Chetan yatra against corruption committed and black money stashed by UPA Government.

UPA Government should not alone be blamed for corruption, when BJP leaders are themselves adjourning the motions of parliament for money. As far as the issue of Black money is concerned the list of Black money holders include 80% of BJP leaders, the reason of not disclosing the names Is just that there is a deal with the respected countries. They have provided the information to the Indian Government only on terms that this information should not be disclosed publicly, because those banks have their terms and condition, and if steps against this is taken then it will spoil the friendship with respective nation. Indian Government is presently indulged in talks with the Government and Banks of the respective countries to allow India to disclose those names.

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As far as the matter of Rising inflation is concerned the BJP is only liable for the same. UPA Government has introduced various reforms to reduce inflation like FDI in retail sector, which will allow foreign retail companies in retail sector in India, which will leads to reduction in prices of retail products because of increasing number of companies and also it would create employment to a large extent, but again the matter  has been put in to backlog because of violent protests by BJP members.

 The women’s reservation bill under 108th amendment  could have been passed by now, but it is only the BJP Government which does not want our nation to move ahead.

If you are talking about the 2G scam there is no special loss, it is only the amount which could have been earned, but failed because of some corrupt UPA ministers who are now behind the bars but because of it the whole UPA government cannot be blamed. How could we blame someone when we are corrupt. The corporate sector like reliance (who in the name of some new company) forced Raja and all to take bribe to grant them a licence. Are not they corrupt. We talk about the system and Government  but not about those who force others to take bribe. The bribe giver should be equally punished with bribe taker, then only our country would become corruption free. The loss caused because of adjourning the motions of parliament is 10 times more than the loss in 2G scam.

BJP wants to come to power and if they are allowed they will dethrone our country, this can be understood by an example of splitting of Uttar Pradesh in 4 parts.  We can look into JHARKHAND and chattisgarh, they are in worst condition and could not be developed and become more worst after separation from Madhya Pradesh. UPA focus on Unite, as strength of the nation comes from unity and BJP wants to split and they will make a new country if allowed. Split will cause more funds to be diverted, more corrupt practices and will cause even more loss to the exchequer and the state would remain underdeveloped.

BJP played various tactics like they bring Baba ramdev, because they know that public likes ramdev Baba so he will gain a lot of support. But public is not a fool to support a fool tactics. Public criticized Baba a lot because of his foolishness. He should better concentrate on yoga instead entering politics. But Baba should not be blamed BJP was behind the scene.

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Anna and company also entered the politics and succeeded in enticing the whole nation and gained support for his Farsi lokpal bill. He used inappropriate methods to entice Government to pass the lokpal bill prepared by team Anna, which if enforced would demolish the basic structure of our constitution and will remove the democracy. They were foolish to force people not to vote Congress. It is people’s will who to vote who are you to force people. The true fact is Anna wants to come to power and nothing else. He considered himself as Gandhi. He can never be considered as Gandhi, Gandhi ji wants democracy in the country and Anna wants to destroy the democracy.

For Congress, it is a prestigious contest

Uttar Pradesh elections scheduled for next year has assumed importance at the national level. All the main political parties are going to contest alone without major electoral alliance. The ruling Bahujan Samaj Party headed by Mayawati is trying to retain the government. For Congress, it has become a prestigious contest because of the involvement of Rahul Gandhi in the fray. Mulayam Singh Yadav is trying to enter the gaddi once again. BJP is also an aspiring party for the power. Communists will also contest some seats.

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Rahul having a crack at Mayawati

Rahul Gandhi is aggressively campaigning in UP to give life to his Congress Party and bring back the old Nehruvian and Indira Gandhi era when the Congress ruled the roost in Lucknow. The Congress lost power in the eighties and since then has been unable to restore its original strength and health. Rahul Gandhi is trying to woo the Dalit voters in order to weaken Mayawati’s position and to strengthen his own party. How far he will be successful remains to be seen. Personally I believe he has no chance to make Congress come back to power in UP without a major electoral alliance.

Congress + Mulayam = victory

But if Congress strikes an alliance with Mulayam Singh Yadav, then it is a different ball game altogether. The vote banks of Congress and Samajwadi Party coupled with the anti establishment votes will seal the fate of Mayawati. But such an alliance is unlikely to come. The Congress may agree to play a second fiddle to DMK and Karunanidhi in Tamil Nadu, but in UP it is not willing to play a second fiddle to Mulayam Singh Yadav. Mulayam is unlikely to grant the Chief Minister post to the Congress. Congress wants to taste power and its nominee to become the Chief Minister. Therefore, right at the moment, Mayawati is quite safe.

BJP will play a crucial role in a hung assembly

BJP was a force to reckon with two decades back in UP. It captured power at the frenzied height of the Ramjanmabhoomi agitation for the Ram temple in Ayodhya. Today the party has lost that flavour. It is unlikely to win the elections and come to power. However, it may capture sizeable number of seats and in a situation of uncertainty, can tilt the scale towards any side it wants. In case of a hung assembly, the BJP will not be supporting a Congress leader to rule the State. However, it can support either Mulayam Singh Yadav or Mayawati. Given this chance, BJP is likely to opt for Mayawati. Moreover Mulayam Singh Yadav cannot accept the support of BJP as that will alienate the Muslim votes from his party. Mayawati has no inhibitions like this. In fact she had aligned with the BJP openly in the past.

Dalits + Brahmins = victory for Mayawati

But it is Mayawati’s moves that are worrying all the other parties. UP has around 21% Dalit population – the largest Dalit population in any State in India. Almost all of them are likely to vote for Mayawati and her Bahujan Samaj Party. But UP has 15% Brahmin population – the largest Brahmin population in any State in India. So far the Brahmins have been voting for either the Congress or the BJP depending upon the political situation. But in the last election, Mayawati wooed the Brahmins to her fold by offering ministerial berths to them. She declared some Brahmin festivals as holidays to please the community. She came to power with her own majority last time in 2007 because of the Brahmin support. 21% plus 15% is equal to 36% is simple mathematics which anybody can understand. Yet, this simple mathematics tilted the scale in her favour last time in 2007. Now also she is playing the same cards.

Wooing Brahmins to her fold

Mayawati has demanded even reservations for the poor Brahmins. No other party can befriend the Brahmins so openly as Mayawati. This openness has endeared the Brahmins in UP and other States to her. She will reap rich dividends this time also. But what about anti-establishment votes? Negative votes for Mayawati will be only from other castes and will be divided among her opponents. Hence she need not have to worry unduly. What about corruption and erection of her own statues in UP at a massive cost? These things are unlikely to dissuade the Dalits and the Brahmins against her. She has a solid support of 36% of the UP population. She needs just another five per cent from other communities, which she can garner easily.

Indira Gandhi followed the formula Dalits + Brahmins + Muslims = victory

Actually, Mayawati’s formula of Dalits + Brahmins is not entirely a new one. Indira Gandhi followed the formula Dalits + Brahmins + Muslims in the whole of India successfully. But Mayawati cannot include Muslims in her formula because most of the Muslims vote for Mulayam Singh Yadav. Moreover the Muslims are also angry against her for her alliance with BJP in the past many occasions. All things point out to a victory for Mayawati in the UP elections. But between now and the election, new situations can arise and existing advantages and disadvantages may change.

Vijayakant, next Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu?

In Tamil Nadu also if a political party follows the formula of Indira Gandhi, it will be highly successful. For example, the cine actor Vijaya Kant already has 10% vote bank in Tamil Nadu. If he woos Brahmins, Dalits and Muslims into his fold, he will be the Chief Minister next year and can never be dislodged by anybody. Tamil Nadu has 15% Muslims, 20% Dalits and 5% Brahmins. 15% + 20% + 5% is equal to 40%. Add another 5% from the rest of the community and Vijayakant can get 45% votes which will catapult him to the Chief Minister’s saddle.

Communists are fighting for secularism

The two Communist parties are fighting for secularism and Muslims’ rights. Their policy is to prevent BJP from coming to power.. They will extend their support to winning parties of Congress, Mulayam Singh and Mayawati in order to checkmate BJP

These terrible news events may permanently vanish from the pages of the newspapers of the subcontinent if the Supreme Court of India will have the upper hand on the advice of the elders who, in the villages, encourage and sometimes require residents to conform to the traditions that govern these small communities for decades. The activists argue, in fact, still be made at least an “honor killing” every four days, they are brutally lynched young people whose only crime is to belong to different castes or not to believe in the religion itself. The states most affected are Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, although in recent years these types of crimes have increased in New Delhi.

At a hearing in a case of caste discrimination, the judges of the Supreme Court in the capital have admitted to having “heard of Panchayats-Khapa communities of village elders, – which often decree or encourage honor killings or other atrocities on men and women of different caste or religion, who wish to marry or have been married, “concluding that it is” totally illegal practice should be banned at all costs. “India can not longer tolerate being committed “barbaric and shameful acts of murder by people from the feudal mentality that in most cases actually remain unpunished.”

To achieve this, the judges of the Court, asked the local authorities and police to ensure that all couples made of people of different castes or religions are not harassed or subjected to violence, underlining the inter-caste marriages should, on the contrary, be encouraged because they could help the country to dismantle the caste system. Those who do not comply with the orders of the Court will be immediately suspended from office.

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Rama Shankar, a native of the city Ramgarh in Uttar Pradesh backward Sonbhadra district in India, has so far arranged marriages of 600 girls. He is popularly called “Bhikhari (beggar) Baba”.

Shankar, a caretaker of a small temple of Shiva in Ramgarh, was holding mass weddings every year since 2005 by collecting alms with his 20-odd followers.

“I do not really mind when some people say,” Dekha bhikari aa Money Hai (see the beggar is coming) and leave the place they see me approaching them. My conscience is clear … I am not begging for myself but for the happiness of poor girls,” 57-year-old Shankar said

“It’s really great when you see a smile on the faces of the poor, defenseless girls thanks for the exercise of their marriages. I pray that I continue to give alms while I’m alive to maintain the functions of the mass wedding,” said Shankar , who refuses to talk about his personal life.

Each month, Shankar and his followers to walk in some parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh for nearly 15 days, begging for money. Even if the exercise is ongoing throughout the year, Shankar gave a date for holding the function promising mass wedding in his hometown.

“Although we have to directly approach people to get the alms, there are many people who generously give money when they get to know our mission to help poor girls,” said Shankar.

“There are many businessmen, officials and even politicians, who often have large economic contribution,” said Shankar, who preferred not to name the donors.

Shankar embarked on this noble adventure in 2005 after meeting a tragic incident.

“While I was sitting in front of a temple, I saw a young rest in the shade of a tree. It appeared he had some difficulty breathing. When I went to him for help he told me he was very worried for the marriage of her younger sister. Before I could ask for anything more, he’s dead, “said Shankar.

“Later, I came to know his name Santosh Kumar. He had lost his parents and was in tension after a man refused to marry his sister because of problems of dowry. It was then decided to devote my remaining life this cause, “he said.

After the event, Shankar organized a simple function, in which 21 poor girls were married, including the sister of Kumar.

All kinds of people come Shankar to get their daughters married the only condition is to be in difficult circumstances. The ceremony takes place mainly during the winter.

“A big party is organized on the occasion. In addition, the newlyweds is endowed with everyday objects as instruments, watches and create to help them start a new life,” said Harikesh Kishore, a native of Ramgarh , who works as a helper at a dairy.

Sukanya,Kishore daughter was married to a mechanic.  Mass wedding function organized by Shankar two years ago.

According to local people, Shankar also helps to find the appropriate match for girls. “He commanded great respect in most areas and surrounding districts Sonbhadra. The families of married prospective not say no if Baba is applying for a marriage proposal,” said Hemant Kashi, a daily wage laborer in Ramgarh.

“Baba has promised me that my daughter would get her life partner in the upcoming wedding ceremony. All we really be in debt to Baba for his noble mission,” he said.

Long live “shankar baba”.

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The status of education among the disadvantaged groups has been cause of concern ever since independence in India.

The matter of concern is the abysmally low percentage of female literacy among scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. In some districts of Rajasthan, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, female literacy among SC/ST is even less than 2%.

Various factors account for such a dismal state of affairs. The low economic status and the socio-cultural factors prevailing in the northern part of the country have a bearing on high rates of school drop-outs both among girls and especially among marginalized groups.

As per the findings of some surveys, the districts dominated by scheduled tribes have inadequate schools with almost negligible infrastructure including teachers and learning materials.

In the existing socio-economic set up education particularly of women and weaker sections of society rarely receive the attention it deserves.

Education will play a catalytic role only when it is linked with the larger issues of development.

India together with Nigeria accounts for 1/3 of all under five child deaths.

India’s present under five mortality rate is 69 per 1000 live births.

With respect to under five mortality Uttar Pradesh has the highest rate ( 96/1000 live births) and Kerala has the lowest rate ( 16 /1000 live births)

Children in states including Bihar,UP are more vulnerable than those in the Kerala or Tamil Nadu.

In Bihar less than 1/3 of the children are immunised against killer diseases and under 20% of women seek health care when pregnant. About 1/3 children are breast fed and 50 % of children under three are stunted due to malnutrition.

The major causes of neonatal mortality in India are

Prematurity at 35%

Sepsis and Pneumonia at 25%

Asphyxia at 23%

India also accounts for 35% of the developing world’s low birth weight babies and 40% of child malnutrition.

India has reduced the number of under five dying due to diarrohea from 20 to 11%

Acute respiratory infections have also reduced from 19 to 11%.

Measles coverage rates are up from 59% to around 70%.