Image by Brooklyn Museum via Flickr

Humanitarian emergencies such as earthquakes of the magnitude that killed thousands and fractured the livelihoods of millions of Haitians or the Tsunami that affected East Asia a couple of years ago do not only impact on the physical well-being of the affected people but also cause such immense trauma to the psychological well-being that there is a great need to handle them with some dose of Psychological first aid along side other humanitarian needs.

 A consortium of World bodies that handle humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters or war situation namely, the World Health Organization, the World Vision International and the War Trauma Foundation have come up with an elaborate Psychological First Aid Guide for their field workers.

 The logic behind the psychological first aid stems from the need to reduce the intense trauma people suffer in times of conflicts or natural disasters. Normally , the resultant trauma on the the minds of the affected people is just as bad as the physical damage caused by the disaster or war factors.

 The guide has been developed in such a manner that standards and best practices are consistently applied in humanitarian settings. Psychological guides have been designed to cover both social and psychological support  with emphasis on humane  and practical help to the trauma affected people or those faced with serious crisis events.

 The guide which can easily be taught to the humanitarian workers in one day is a very user friendly Psychological first aid tool kit which will certainly improve humanitarian interventions during responses to natural and man made disasters around the world.

In the new strategy document issued by the Pentagon’s defense over the Internet, it is mentioned that the U.S could still serve the threat of war from an enemy country in a region by mobilizing the full power and can anticipate threats in other areas involving cooperation with its allies. The new strategy is different from that applied to the U.S during the reign of George W. Bush. Themed “War on Terrorism,” Bush to deploy troops in two major wars, in Afghanistan and Iraq. At the time of Obama, the U.S has been to repatriate troops from Iraq and also to immediately withdraw troops from Afghanistan.

However, Defence Minister Leon Panetta dismissed the notion that U.S military power was weakened. “Make no mistake, we have the ability to confront and defeat more than one enemy at the same time,” said Panetta.

Obama realizes that the U.S military must face tightening budgets. “Within the next ten years, the rate of defense spending will slow but still will increase because we have a global responsibility that demands our leadership,” Obama said.

Currently 565,000 U.S. troops reinforced from the Army and 201,000 Marines. However, each unit will be reduced by between 76,000 to 114,000 personnel. The Pentagon had to downsize because it would have a reduction in budget of around U.S $487 billion.

Image by paparutzi via Flickr

                                                    Here Comes 2012

When New Years Eve comes around each year, we celebrate with parties and letting off fireworks. We raise up our glass and toast the future, forgetting all the grimness of the past year such as rising fuel prices, poor economy, and unemployment. We are full of hope that things can only get better.

The sad lady who desperately wants a child, fervently hopes that 2012 will be the year she gets pregnant.  What about the poor man who is suffering from cancer, and only has months to live.? Can 2012 bring a cure for him? Then there are the people who lose their homes and families in natural disasters. Let’s hope that 2012 will be the year they can try to rebuild their lives.

Spare a thought for the dogs and cats who were christmas presents, cuelly abandoned when it became obvious that they needed proper care and attention. In  fact any animal that is cruelly treated, let’s hope it will enjoy a proper life in 2012 with people who care about it.

My heart  goes out to the old and vulnerable, some of them are alone, even at Christmas, so I hope that 2012 will bring them friendship to enrich their lives. Last but certainly not least, those people who cause wars, who love to die for a cause, those who bear grudges, and are full of fuelled driven hate. May they find love, because if wars cease, world future will be secure. Or am I asking for too much.?

I am very lucky to have the love of my family and friends, and have nothing to grumble about. So as we approach 2012, I want to spend a moment thinking of those who are not so fortunate for one reason or another.

God bless , and a Happy New Year to everyone, may all your dreams come true in 2012.

found at wikipedia.com

American Revolutionary War or
American War of Independence
Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain Loyalist
Iroquois
Cherokee NationCherokee September 1, 1774 – September 3, 1783 Treaty of Paris
Britain recognizes independence of the United States
Boston Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain September 1, 1774-March 17, 1776 Colonial victory, British forces driven from Boston area
Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain 1775-1783 Treaty of Paris
Canadian Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Canadian Militia June 1775-October 1776 Defeat of Colonial invasion; British counter-offensive
New York and New Jersey Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Hesse Hesse-Kassel
Germany Waldeck-Pyrmont July 1776 – March 1777 New York: British gain control of New York City, British victory
New Jersey: Americans lose and then regain control of New Jersey, American victory
Saratoga Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Brunswick-Lüneburg
Hesse-Hanau
Iroquois Confederation (except Oneidas) June 14, 1777-October 17, 1777 Decisive American victory:

Surrender of a British army
Entry of France into the war

Philadelphia Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Hesse Hesse-Kassel
Ansbach-Bayreuth 1777-1778 British occupation then evacuation of Philadelphia
Western Theater
Part of the American Revolutionary War American Indians
Great Britain 1775-1782 Military stalemate, U.S. diplomatic victory; Spanish Louisiana successfully defended
Northern Theater
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain 1778-1782 ???
Southern Theatre
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain 1775-1782 Decisive Franco/American victory, Surrender of British army at Yorktown
Yorktown Campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Ansbach-Bayreuth
Hesse Hesse-Kassel January – October, 1781 Decisive Franco/American victory
Northwest Indian War or
Little Turtle’s War or
Miami Campaign Western Confederacy
Canadian Militia 1785-1795 U.S. victory, Treaty of Greenville
Quasi-War or
Franco-American War or
Half War France French Republic 1798-1800 Indecisive United States Victory; end of French privateer attacks on U.S. shipping; U.S. neutrality and renunciation of claims against France
First Barbary War or
Barbary Coast War or
Tripolitan War Ottoman Empire Vilayet of Tripoli
Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg Morocco 1801-1805 American victory, peace treaty
Tecumseh’s War or
Tecumseh’s Rebellion Tecumseh’s Confederacy August – November 1811 American victory, peace treaty
War of 1812 or
Second War of Independence British Empire
Shawnee
Red Sticks
Ojibway
Chickamauga
Meskwaki
Iroquois
Miami
Mingo
Odawa
Kickapoo
Lenape
Mascouten
Potawatomi
Sauk
Wyandot June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815 Treaty of Ghent
Status quo ante bellum
Atlantic Theatre
Part of the War of 1812 British Empire 1812-1815 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Chesapeake Campaign
Part of the Atlantic Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1813-1814 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Great Lakes and Western Theatre
Part of the War of 1812 British Empire 1812-1815 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Canadian Campaign
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1812-1813 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
American Northwest Campaign
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1813 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Niagara Frontier Campaign
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1813-1814 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
St. Lawrence and Lower Canada Campaign
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1813-1814 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Niagara and Plattsburgh Campaigns
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1814 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
American West Campaign
Part of the Great Lakes and Western Theatre of the War of 1812 British Empire 1813-1814 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Southern Theatre
Part of the War of 1812 British Empire 1814-1815 Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum
Creek War
Part of the Southern Theatre of the War of 1812 Red Stick Creek 1813-1814 U.S./Allied Native American victory
Second Barbary War or
Algerian War Dz.flag.gif Algiers 1815 American victory
First Seminole War Seminole
Spain Spanish Florida November 22, 1817 – April 12, 1818 American victory
West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations Caribbean Pirates 1817-1825 United States victory
African Anti-Slavery Operations African Slave Traders 1819-1861 Atlantic slave trade suppressed by 1865
Callao Affair Spain November 5-6, 1820 Spanish vow to punish those responsible for attacks on American shipping.
Arikara War Arikara 1823 The Arikara eventually settled with the Mandan and Hidatsa on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota
Aegean Anti-Piracy Operations Greek Pirates 1825-1828 United States victory
Winnebago War or
Le Fèvre Indian War Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks, with a few allies 1827 U.S. victory; Ho-Chunks cede lead mining region to the U.S.
Black Hawk War or
Black Hawk Campaign Black Hawk’s British Band, with Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies May-August 1832 United States victory
First Sumatran Expedition Chiefdom of Kuala Batee February 6 – 9, 1832 United States victory
United States Exploring Expedition Fiji Samoa Tabiteuea 1838-1842 Successful expedition, victory in battle against aborigionals
Second Seminole War or
Florida War Seminole December 23, 1835 – August 14, 1842 3,800 Seminoles transported to Indian Territory, 300 left in Everglades
Second Sumatran Expedition Chiefdom of Quallah Battoo December 1838 – January 1839 United States victory, Malays agree to cease attacks on American vessels
Capture of Monterey Mexico October 19-20, 1842 United States captures Monterey
Battle of Kororareka Māori March 11, 1845 Successful British and American rescue operations
Mexican-American War or
Mexican War Mexico April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848 United States victory:

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
End of all conflict between Texas and Mexico
Mexican Cession

Texas Campaign
Part of the Mexican-American War Mexico 1846 US victory
Conquest of California
Part of the Mexican-American War Mexico 1846-1987 US victory
New Mexico and Arizona Campaign
Part of the Mexican-American War Mexico 1846-1847 US victory
Pacific Coast Campaign
Part of the Mexican-American War Mexico 1847-1848 US victory
Mexico City Campaign
Part of the Mexican-American War Mexico 1847 US victory
Navajo Wars Navajo 1858-1866 United States victory, Long Walk of the Navajo
Cayuse War Cayuse 1847-1855 United States victory
Pitt River Expedition Tolowa
Nomlaki
Chimariko
Wintun April 28 – September 13, 1850 ???
Apache Wars Apache
Ute
Yavapai 1851-1900 American victory,
Apaches moved to reservations
Bombardment of San Juan del Norte or
Bombardment of Greytown Nicaragua July 13, 1854 U.S. victory, town severely damaged
Battle of Ty-ho Bay Chinese Pirates August 4, 1855 Anglo-American victory
First Fiji Expedition Fiji October 1855 United States victory in battle, objective failed
Yakima War Yakama 1855-1858 American victory, peace treaty
Rogue River Wars Rogue River people 1855-1856 Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde, and Coast Reservations
Puget Sound War Nisqually
Muckleshoot
Puyallup
Klickitat
Haida and Tlingit 1855-1856 Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde, and Coast Reservations.
Third Seminole War or
Billy Bowlegs War Seminole 1855-1858 U.S. victory
Second Opium War or
Second Anglo-Chinese War or
Second China War Qing Dynasty 1856-1859 Treaty of Tianjin June 18, 1858
Second Fiji Expedition Fiji 6-16 October 1858 United States victory
Paraguay Expedition Paraguay 1859 Paraguay extended an apology to the United States, indemnified the family of the slain Water Witch crewman, and granted the United States a new and highly advantageous commercial treaty
Reform War Mexico Conservatives March 6, 1860 United States victory
Paiute War or
Paiute Indian War or
Pyramid Lake War Paiute
Bannock
Shoshone 1860 United States victory
American Civil War or
War Between the States
Confederate States of America April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865 Union victory:

Territorial integrity of the United States of America preserved
Reconstruction
Slavery abolished

Eastern Theater
Part of the American Civil War Confederate States of America 1861-1865 Union victory
Western Theater
Part of the American Civil War Confederate States of America 1861-1865 Union victory
Lower Seaboard Theater
Part of the American Civil War Confederate States of America 1862-1865 Union victory
Trans-Mississippi Theater
Part of the American Civil War Confederate States of America 1862-1865 Union victory
Pacific Coast Theater
Part of the American Civil War Confederate States of America 1862-1865 Union victory
Dakota War of 1862 or
Sioux Uprising or
Sioux Outbreak of 1862 Pine Ridge Flag.svg Dakota Sioux April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865 United States victory
Bombardment of Qui Nhơn or
Cochinchina Campaign Early Nguyen Dynasty Flag.svg Nguyen Dynasty July 31, 1861 United States victory, fort silenced
Colorado War Cheyenne
Arapaho 1863-1865 United States victory
Battles for Shimonoseki Chōshū Domain July 20, 1863 – September 6, 1864 Decisive Allied victory
Powder River Expedition or
Connor Expedition Sioux
Cheyenne
Arapaho 1865 U.S. victory; raids along Bozeman trail stopped
Snake War Paiute
Bannock
Shoshone 1864-1868 U.S. victory
Red Cloud’s War or
Bozeman War or
Powder River War Lakota
Cheyenne
Arapaho 1866-1868 United States victory:

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
Lakota people confined to reservations in the Bozeman Trail and in Fort Laramie
The Lakota and Northern Cheyenne territory made into reservations but part of the United States

Formosa Expedition or
Taiwan Expedition of 1867 Paiwan June 1867 United States objectives failed
Comanche Campaign or
Comanche War Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa 1867-1875 United States victory
Battle of Boca Teacapan Mexican Pirates June 17, 1870 United States victory
Korean Expedition or
Shinmiyangyo Joseon Dynasty June 1, 1871 – July 3, 1871 United States military victory, United States diplomatic failure; Korean-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce
Modoc War or
Modoc Campaign or
Lava Beds War Modoc July 6, 1872 – June 4, 1873 United States victory
Oahu Expedition Emmaites February 12, 1874 American and British forces quell riot.
Red River War Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa June 27, 1874 – June 1875 United States victory; end to the Texas-Indian Wars
Black Hills War or
Great Sioux War of 1876-77 or
Little Big Horn Campaign Lakota
Northern Cheyenne
Arapaho 1876-1877 United States victory
Nez Perce War or
Nez Perce Campaign Nez Perce 1877 United States victory
Bannock War or
Bannock Campaign Bannock
Shoshone 1878 United States victory
Cheyenne War or
Cheyenne Campaign Cheyenne 1878-1879 United States victory
Sheepeater Indian War Shoshone 1879 United States victory
White River War or
Ute War or
Ute Campaign Ute 1879-1880 United States victory
Egyptian Expedition or
Second Anglo-Egyptian War Egypt Urabi Rebels June – July 1882 United States forces protect consulate from rebels and extinguish fires
Colombian Civil War Colombian rebels March 30-April 24, 1885 Colon destroyed, rebels retreat, American hostages released; Ambrose Light and Colombian rebels captured
Samoan Crisis or
First Samoan Civil War German Empire 1887-1889 Both squadrons wrecked
Pine Ridge Campaign or
Ghost Dance War Sioux November 1890 – January 1891 United States victory
Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations Bering Sea Poachers June 22 – October 5, 1891 Suppression of seal poaching in the Bering Sea
Chilean Civil War Chile 1891 United States Navy seizes Chilean ship; Breakdown of American and Chilean relations
Rio de Janeiro Affair Brazilian Rebels January 21-9, 1894 United States victory, objective completed
Second Samoan Civil War Mataafans 1898-1899 Mataafan victory, Mata’afa Iosefo becomes high chief of Samoa; United States acquires American Samoa, Germany acquires German Samoa
Spanish-American War Spain April 25 – August 12, 1898 United States victory:

Decisive United States victory
Treaty of Paris
Spain relinquishes sovereignty over Cuba, cedes the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States for the sum of $20 million

Pacific Theater
Part of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 US victory
Philippine Campaign
Part of the Pacific Theatre of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government during Spanish-American War (1898)
Guam Campaign
Part of the Pacific Theatre of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 United States victory:

United States captures Guam

Caribbean Theater
Part of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 US victory
Cuban Campaign
Part of the Caribbean Theatre of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 US victory
Puerto Rican Campaign
Part of the Caribbean Theatre of the Spanish-American War Spain 1898 Militarily inconclusive, Spain cedes Puerto Rico in accordance with the accords of the Treaty of Paris of 1898
Philippine Insurrection or
Philippine-American War or
Philippine War of Independence Philippines First Philippine Republic
Philippine revolution flag kkk1.svg Revolutionary forces
Philippines Pulajanes June 2, 1899 – July 4, 1902 United States victory and dissolution of the First Philippine Republic; The Philippines becomes an unincorporated territory of the United States
Moro Rebellion Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg Sultanate of Sulu
Moro Moro 1899-1913 United States victory
Boxer Rebellion or
The Boxer Uprising Righteous Harmony Society
Qing Dynasty Qing Empire September 28, 1899 – August 15, 1900 Alliance victory
Occupation of Nicaragua or
Nicaraguan Campaign Liberal rebels 1912-1933 United States victory
Mexican Revolution or
Mexican Expedition or
Pancho Villa Expedition Mexico
Flag of the Yaqui tribe.png Yaqui April 21, 1914 – June 16, 1919 Porfirio Diaz ousted from power and exiled in France, Convention of Aguascalientes between revolutionary leaders, Mexican Constitution of 1917 enacted, assassination of important revolutionary leaders Madero, Zapata and Carranza, founding of the National Revolutionary Party
Occupation of Haiti or
Haitian Campaign or
Caco War Haiti
Caco rebels July 28, 1915 – August 1, 1934 United States victory, Cacos defeated, Haiti occupied.
Occupation of the Dominican Republic or
Dominican Campaign Dominican Republic 1916-1924 United States victory, Dominican Republic occupied.
World War I or
First World War or
Great War Germany
Austria-Hungary 1917-1918 Armistice with Germany November 11, 1918
Paris Peace Conference 1919
Treaty of Berlin (August 25, 1921)
Treaty of Trianon (in part); Allied victory:

End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires
Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East
Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers
Establishment of the League of Nations.

European Theatre
Part of World War I Germany
Austria-Hungary 1917-1918 Allied victory; Treaty of Versailles, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Western Front
Part of the European Theatre of World War I Germany
Austria-Hungary 1917-1918 Allied victory. Collapse of the German Empire.
Italian Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War I Germany
Austria-Hungary 1917-1918 Allied victory; Treaty of Versailles
Asian and Pacific Theatre
Part of World War I Germany 1917-1918 Allied victory; Treaty of Versailles
First Battle of the Atlantic
Part of World War I Germany 1917-1918 Allied victory; Treaty of Versailles
Russian Civil War Russia 1918-1920 Allied withdrawal from Russia
North Russia Campaign
Part of the Russian Civil War Russia 1918-1920 Allied withdrawal
Siberian Intervention
Part of the Russian Civil War Russia 1918-1920 Allied withdrawal
World War II or
Second World War Empire of Japan
Nazi Germany
Fascist Italy
Italian Social Republic
Bulgaria
Hungary
Romania December 7, 1941 – September 2, 1945 Allied victory:

Dissolution of the Third Reich
Creation of the United Nations
Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as Superpowers
Beginning of the Cold War

Second Battle of the Atlantic
Part of World War II Germany
Italy
France Vichy France 1941-1945 Decisive Allied victory
Pacific War
Part of World War II Empire of Japan

Manchukuo
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg Wang Jingwei regime
Philippines Second Philippine Republic

Thailand
India Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind
1941-1945 Decisive Allied victory
End of World War II:

Fall of the Empire of Japan.
Continuation of Chinese Civil War.
Substantial weakening of European colonial powers, gradual decolonization of Asia (including the Indonesian National Revolution and the First Indochina War)
American occupation of Japan, removal of all Japanese troops occupying parts of the Republic of China, retrocession of Taiwan to China, liberation of Korea and Manchuria from Japanese rule, division of Korea, secession of all Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean, such as the Marianas Islands, the Marshall Islands, the Caroline Islands, and the Palau Islands to the United Nations, removal of all Japanese troops from the Australian-governed Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, the Admiralty Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago, seizure of Sakhalin and of the Kuril Islands by the Soviet Union

Burma Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan

Burma State of Burma

Thailand
India Free India
Decisive Allied victory, leading to later Independence of Burma in 1948
New Guinea Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan
Allied victory
Aleutian Islands Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan June 3, 1942 – August 15, 1943 Allied victory
Guadalcanal Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan August 7, 1942 – February 9, 1943 Strategic Allied victory
Solomon Islands Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan January 1942 – August 21, 1945 Decisive Allied victory
Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan November, 1943 – February, 1944 Allied victory
Mariana and Palau Islands Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan June – November, 1944 American victory
Philippines Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan
Philippines Second Philippine Republic October 20, 1944-September 2, 1945 Allied victory; Allied forces liberate the Philippines
Volcano and Ryukyu Islands Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan
January – June, 1945 Allied victory
Borneo Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan 1 May – 1 August 1945 Allied victory; the Japanese are pushed further from Australia
Japan Campaign
Part of the Pacific War of World War II Empire of Japan 16 February – 23 July 1945 Allied victory
Mediterranean, Middle East and African Theatres
Part of World War II Germany
Italy
France Vichy France
Italian Social Republic 1941-1945 Allied victory
Algeria-French Morocco Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II France Vichy France
Germany (naval participation in Morocco) 8-16 November 1942 Allied victory
Anzio Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany
Italian Social Republic January 22, 1944 – June 4, 1944 Operation successful; VI Corps established beachhead; Battle of Anzio followed
Egypt-Libya Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany 1942-1943 Allied forces finally succeed in driving all Axis forces out of Libya
Naples-Foggia Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany
Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) Italy
(to 8 September) 3 September 1943 – 16 September 1943 Allied victory
North Apennines Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany
Italian Social Republic 25 August-17 December 1944 Inconclusive
Po Valley Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany
Italian Social Republic 6 April 1945 – 2 May 1945 Decisive Allied victory:

German surrender in Italy
Italian Social Republic disestablished

Rome-Arno Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany 22 Jan 1944 – 9 Sep 1944 German resistance crumbled
Sicily Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Italy
Germany 9 July – 17 August 1943 Allied victory
Southern France Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 Allied victory
Tunisia Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Germany
Italy 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 Decisive Allied victory
European Theatre
Part of World War II Germany
Italy
France Vichy France
Italian Social Republic
Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946)Hungary 1942-1945 Decisive Allied victory:

Fall of Nazi Germany (concurrently with Eastern Front)
Fall of Fascist Italy
Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe
Partition of Germany (1945)

Normandy Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany 6 June 1944 – mid-July 1944 Decisive Allied victory
Northern France Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany 6 June – 25 August 1944 Decisive Allied victory
Rhineland Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany 25 August 1944 – March 1945 Allied victory
Ardennes-Alsace Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany 16 December 1944 – 28 January 1945 Allied victory
Central Europe Campaign
Part of the European Theatre of World War II Nazi Germany Germany

Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946)Hungary
February 8, 1945 – May 8, 1945 Allied victory
Cold War Soviet Union
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Hungary Hungary
Poland Poland
Romania Romania
East Germany East Germany
Albania Albania
People’s Republic of China
North Korea
Cuba
North Vietnam
Cambodia Khmer Rouge
Afghanistan Afghanistan
Grenada 1947-1991 Dissolution of the USSR; United States becomes world’s sole superpower
First Indochina War or
French Indochina War
Part of the Cold War North Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Laos Pathet Lao
Cambodia Khmer Issarak
People’s Republic of China
Soviet Union 1950-1954 Geneva Conference
Departure of the French from Indochina
Korean War or
Korean Conflict or
The Forgotten War
Part of the Cold War Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
People’s Republic of China
Soviet UnionBulgaria Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Hungary Hungary
Poland Poland
Romania Romania 1950-1953 Cease-fire armistice, North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled, UN invasion of North Korea repelled, Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled, Korean Demilitarized Zone established, little territorial change at the 38th parallel border, essentially uti possidetis
Second Indochina War or
Vietnam War or
Vietnam Conflict
Part of the Cold War Flag of Vietnam.svg Democratic Republic of Vietnam
FNL Flag.svg National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF)
People’s Republic of China
Soviet Union 1953-1975 Withdrawal of American forces from Indochina, Dissolution of South Vietnam, Communist governments take power in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
Laotian Civil War or
Secret War
Part of the Second Indochina War of the Cold War Laos Pathet Lao
North Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1953-1975 Establishment of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
1958 Lebanon crisis or
Operation Blue Bat Lebanese Rebels July 15 – October 25, 1958 Opposition successfully intimidated
Cambodian Civil War
Part of the Second Indochina War of the Cold War Flag of Cambodia.svg National United Front of Kampuchea
CPKbanner.svg Khmer Rouge
Flag of Vietnam.svg Democratic Republic of Vietnam
FNL Flag.svg National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF) 1970-1975 Fall of the Khmer Republic to the Khmer Rouge; creation of Democratic Kampuchea; Beginning of Cambodian Genocide
Invasion of the Dominican Republic or
Operation Power Pack
Part of the Cold War Dominican Republic
Supported by:
Cuba April 28, 1965 – September 1966 United States victory, Juan Bosch excluded from Presidency, election of Joaquín Balaguer
Invasion of Grenada or
Operation Urgent Fury
Part of the Cold War Grenada
Cuba 25 October – 15 December 1983 Decisive United States/CPF victory
Lebanese Civil War or
Multinational Force in Lebanon Shia militia
Flag of Druze.svg Druze miltia
Syria August 24, 1982 – February 7, 1984 Withdrawal starting February 7
1981 Gulf of Sidra incident or
First Gulf of Sidra Incident Libya Libya August 19, 1981 US victory; Deterioration of Libya – United States relations
Action in the Gulf of Sidra or
Operation Prairie Fire Libya Libya March 1986 Tactical US victory
Bombing of Libya or
Operation El Dorado Canyon Libya Libya April 15, 1986 Tactical US victory
Iran-Iraq War or
Operation Earnest Will or
Tanker War Iran 1987-1988 Operation Prime Chance, Operation Nimble Archer, Operation Praying Mantis; US victory
1989 Gulf of Sidra incident or
Second Gulf of Sidra Incident Libya Libya January 4, 1989 US victory; Deterioration of Libya – United States relations
Invasion of Panama or
Operation Just Cause Panama PDF 20 December 1989 – 12 January 1990 Decisive United States victory
Gulf War or
Persian Gulf War or
Operation Desert Storm Iraq August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991 Coalition victory:

Imposition of sanctions against Iraq
Removal of Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait

Iraqi no-fly zones Iraq 1991-2003 Operation Provide Comfort, Operation Southern Watch, Cruise missile strikes on Iraq (June 1993), Cruise missile strikes on Iraq (1996), Operation Northern Watch, Operation Desert Fox, Operation Southern Focus; Coalition victory
Somali Civil War or
Operation Restore Hope Somalia Various Somali factions 1992-1994 Multinational success
Bosnian War or
Operation Deliberate Force Republika Srpska 1993-1995 Dayton Accords
Operation Uphold Democracy Haiti 19 September 1994 – 31 March 1995
Reinstatement of Jean-Bertrand Aristide as President of Haiti
Bombings of Afghanistan and Sudan or
Operation Infinite Reach Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda
Harakat flag.png Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Sudan National Islamic Front August 20, 1998 Disputed
Kosovo War or
Operation Allied Force or
Operation Noble Anvil Federal Republic of Yugoslavia March 24 – June 10, 1999 Kumanovo Treaty, UN Security Council Resolution 1244; Reflagged as KFOR in 1999 in support of Operation Joint Guardian
War on Terror Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg Al-Qaeda
Flag of Taliban.svg Taliban
Caucasian militants
Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Shabaab
Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg Islamic Courts Union
Iraq Iraqi insurgents
Flag of Hamas.svg Hamas
Hezbollah
Flag of the Ba’ath Party.svg Baath Party Loyalists October 7, 2001 – present Ongoing:

Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan
Destruction of Al-Qaeda camps
Taliban insurgency
Fall of the Ba’ath Party government in Iraq
Execution of Saddam Hussein
Free elections
Iraqi insurgency
Killing of Osama bin Laden

Operation Enduring Freedom
Part of the War on Terror In Afghanistan:

Afghanistan Taliban
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg al-Qaeda

In the Philippines:

Flag of Jihad.svg Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Flag of Jihad.svg Abu Sayyaf
Flag of Jihad.svg Jemaah Islamiyah

In Somalia:

ShababFlag.svg Al-Shabaab
Flag of Jihad.svg Hizbul Islam
Somalia Pirates

In Sahara:

Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb

7 October 2001-present Conflicts ongoing;

Taliban regime overthrown but their forces still fight ISAF and Afghan government forces
Killing of Osama bin Laden

Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan or
War in Afghanistan
Part of Operation Enduring Freedom of the War on Terror Insurgent groups:

Afghanistan Taliban
al-Qaeda
IMU
HI-Gulbuddin
HI-Khalis
Haqqani network
Lashkar-e-Taiba
JeM
ETIM
Afghanistan TTP
Flag of Waziristan resistance (1930s).svg IEW
Afghanistan TNSM
IJU

2001 Invasion:

Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
al-Qaeda

October 7, 2001 – present Conflict ongoing:

Invasion of Afghanistan
Fall of the Taliban government
Destruction of al-Qaeda camps
Over two thirds of al-Qaeda’s leadership demolished
Occupation of Afghanistan
Establishment of a new Afghan Government and Security Force
Taliban insurgency
War in North-West Pakistan
Killing of Osama bin Laden

Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines or
Operation Freedom Eagle
Part of Operation Enduring Freedom of the War on Terror Flag of Jihad.svg Jemaah Islamiyah
Flag of Jihad.svg Abu Sayyaf
Flag of Jihad.svg Rajah Sulaiman Movement
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg al-Qaeda 15 January 2002 – ongoing Conflict ongoing
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
Part of Operation Enduring Freedom of the War on Terror Insurgents:

Flag of Jihad.svg al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (Dis)
Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg Islamic Courts Union (Dis)
Flag of the Islamic Courts Union crossed swords.svg Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahedeen
Flag of Jihad.svg Hizbul Islam (Dis)

Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia
Flag of Jihad.svg Ras Kamboni Brigades
Flag of Jihad.svg Jabhatul Islamiya
Flag of Jihad.svg Mu’askar Anole

Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg al-Qaeda

See: Somali Civil War’ Pirates:
Somali Pirates

Somali Marines
National Volunteer Coast Guard (NVCG)
Marka group
Puntland Group

Yemeni Pirates
7 October 2002 – present Conflict ongoing
Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara
Part of Operation Enduring Freedom of the War on Terror Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb 6 February 2007 – ongoing Conflict ongoing
Operation Iraqi Freedom or
Iraq War
Part of the War on Terror Insurgent groups:
Baath Party Loyalists
Islamic State of Iraq
al-Qaeda in Iraq (2003-11)
Mahdi Army
Special Groups
Islamic Army of Iraq
Ansar al-Sunnah

Iraq Iraq under Saddam Hussein
March 20, 2003 – present Coalition combat operations concluded, low level internal conflict ongoing:

Invasion of Iraq
Overthrow of Baath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein
Coalition occupation of Iraq
Iraqi insurgency and sectarian violence
Subsequent depletion of Iraqi insurgency
Improvements in public security
Foreign terrorist operations
Elections held
Presence of American troops in advise and assist role until the end of 2011

War in North-West Pakistan or
Operation Freedom Eagle
Part of the War on Terror Afghanistan Taliban
Afghanistan Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Afghanistan TNSM
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg Al-Qaeda
Flag of Jihad.svg Lashkar-e-Islam
Flag of Jihad.svg Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Ghazi Force March 16, 2004 – ongoing Conflict ongoing:

Ongoing insurgency
Large part of FATA under Taliban control
Shifting public support for the Pakistani government

Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown
Part of the War on Terror Islamic Emirate of Abyan
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Flag of the Islamic Courts Union crossed swords.svg Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen January 14, 2010 – ongoing Conflict ongoing
Second Liberian Civil War Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy
Movement for Democracy in Liberia 2003 US Forces withdraw in 2003 after UNMIL is established
2004 Haitian rebellion
Haiti National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haïti 2004 Aristide ousted; interim government installed
Libyan Civil War or
Operation Odyssey Dawn 
Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya:

Armed forces
Militia
Foreign mercenaries

March 19, 2011 – October 23, 2011 Death of Muammar Ghaddafi

Dissolution of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Lord’s Resistance Army insurgency Lord’s Resistance Army 2011 Conflict Ongoing

Everyone of these wars or conflicts has seen a great number of losses on both sides and the men and women on the American side is why we have this holiday to thank every veteran of the armed forces (all branches The Army, The Navy, The Air Force, The Marines, and The Coast Guard. and all branches of the Reserves )We would not live in this beautiful country with our wonderful way of life without their sacrifices.This Veterans Day Please hug a member of the armed forces,thank them ,let them know that their sacrifices have not been forgotten,and our country is so grateful to them.

                         Thank you For our Lives,Freedoms,And Way Of Life

                                            Happy Veterans Day

the bottom line is this, wars are not meant to won, only maintained and sustained. Nothing in the world makes more profit in the world than a war. So every time one is declared the rich get richer while the common man must succumb to the results of them. 

So many wars between Israel and its neighbors have ended with Israel’s victories, but now looms the apparitions of hostility again; only this time, it augurs to be a different kind of war with the world, stemming from a confrontation with a majority of members of the U.N., the bulk of of whom being Africans, Asians, and Europeans whose votes in favor and against Palestinian statehood hang in the balance.

Obama himself might have joined the rank and file of the hostile members had it not been for the support of the Republican Congress.  No matter how one may look at the impending scenario, Obama’s sentiment against Israel has already been proven as inimical when he declared that Israel’s future negotiations for peace must begin with the l967 borders, uttered glibly without giving any consideration to Israel’s lines of defense.  The thoughtless finality of his speech obviates his ignorance of Israel’s vulnerability if and when it retreats to such borders.  He should have known fully well, as President of the United States, that such a declaration on his part, had provided fodder for the intransigence of Fatah and Hamas who want nothing less than weakening Israel until it fades into oblivion.

At this point in time, any move by the United Nations to satiate the appetite of the Palestinians in their quest for statehood without negotiations will, indeed, be counter-productive, since there are barriers of non-starters that will not change the status quo.  There is no doubt whatsoever that the Palestinians will not get what they want, nor will Israel give any more than what it considers as being biblically and historically its birthright. 

One of the world greatest conflicts is World word II. World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict ranged from 1939 to 1945; this brought many great nations to the battle field, including all of the great powers. This eventually divided the world into two opposing sides. In the period of war the major participants placed their nation’s economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in the deaths over 60 million people, both women and children where its casualties. This war saw the introduction of tools of mass death which includes the nuclear bomb.

World War II started on 1st September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and Slovakia, and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. The Germany goal of this war was to create a large empire in Europe. This war ranged fro 1939 to early 1941, with various military campaigns which saw the Germany nation conquering much part of Europe. Britain and the Commonwealth remained the only major force which where no conquered by the Germany forces.

World War II ended in Europe with the finally surrender and subsequent capture of Berlin by Soviet and polish army, this lead to the total surrender of Germany in 8th May 1945.on the Japanese side, The Japanese Navy was defeated by the United States, and invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. This lead to the final surrender on the 15th August 1945 by the Japanese forces, and Asia was at peace.

World War II is still one of the world greatest battles, which lasted from 1939 to 1945. Yet we still see the effect till today, they scare and hate it has coursed even to our present generation can not be undone.

When people fight over an issue, once naturally assumes that they have not reached a mutual agreement or a point of joint understanding between the two warring parties over the issue. Wars are formed out of disagreement, misunderstanding and inability to say “I AM SORRY””. This four letter word is simple to say but in real sense it hard for people these days. “Sorry,” an expression of regret or condolence.

Conflict resolution is a wide range of methods of addressing sources of conflict; this process is used in achieving peace. Processes of conflict resolution generally include negotiation, mediation, diplomacy, creative peace building and saying the word “I AM SORRY”.

Let’s start with saying am sorry. This would go along way in averting conflicts, disagreements and misunderstandings which might end us all in war.

The word am sorry is a gift mankind should embrace and use to its own benefit.

     So long as Hamas remains in power, Hamas will continue using their “on/off”-again attack strategy against Israel.  It is a deliberately repeating cycle of war that is used to murder Israelis and terrorize survivors.  That strategy further relies on the resulting peace negotiations to gain one-sided concessions from Israel.    

     This repeating attack strategy can be seen in Hamas’s past track record in the Israeli-Palestinian conflicts of 2000-01, 2006, 2008-9, and 2011. 

     In 2000-01, the conflicts were caused by Palestinian rioters and Hamas suicide bombers who injured and murdered innocent Israeli civilians.  This writer cites Sherifa Zuhar’s article, “Second Intifada” when stating that the above chaos happened because of Ariel Sharon’s supposed encroachment onto a Palestinian holy site.  According to Zuhar, Sharon was investigating  it’s desecration for Israeli believers.  Of course, Sharon’s alleged trespass did not justify the Palestinian violence against innocent Israelis.

     In 2005, Hamas was voted into power by many Palestinians during their elections.  After that, Hamas openly advocated the use of violence to deal with Israel.  For Hamas’s election and espousal of violence, this writer cites the online entry, “The Gaza Strip: Israel vs. Hamas: Background” at the WorldatWar2.abc-clio.com website’s entry.

     It’s anonymous author also wrote that, prior to the elections, Israel unilaterally withdrew from the Gaza Strip in an attempt to make peace with the then Fatah-run government.  After Hamas declared violence against the peace-making Israelis, Hamas and their Hizballah ally initiated a joint attack on Israel in 2006.  Hence, the terrorists cared little for Israel’s peace gesture.

     In the ’06 war, Hamas and Hizballah assaulted Israel.  In her article, “Israeli Operations Against Lebanon: Arab-Israeli Wars”, Rana Kobeissi wrote that Hamas attacked southern Israel, captured one Israeli soldier, and murdered two other Israelis.  At the same time, Hizballah, Kobeissi wrote, crossed the border into Israel, murdered three Israeli soldiers and captured 2 of them for “prisoner exchanges”.  Hence, it is Palestine’s Hamas leaders and their Hizballah ally that started the war.  Starting wars is not a “self-defense” act.  

     In 2008-09, Hamas terrorists running Palestine’s government again started violent conflicts.  The World at War2.abc-clio website had an article entitled, “The Gaza Strip: Israel vs. Hamas: Examine”. 

In it, the anonymous scholar wrote that Israel retaliated against Hamas after Hamas fired rockets on Israel’s southern region.  According to the author, Hamas attacked Israel immediately after the expiration of a six-month cease-fire agreement.

     In starting the conflict with Israel immediately after the cease-fire’s expiration, Hamas has demonstrated through it’s actions that it is not interested in an everlasting peace.  This is further supported by Hamas’s call for violence against Israel after the former took political office in 2005.  In the 2008-9 conflicts, just as in the 2006 battles, Hamas has demonstrated through its actions the truth of their 2005 “violence” vow.

     Earlier, in 2011, Hamas and its terrorist allies again started attacks on Israeli civilians.  According to the International Crisis Group’s Policy Brief, “Gaza: The Next Israeli-Palestinian War?,” “In Israel, the grizzly 11 March attack on the Bank settlement of Itamar – in which five members of a single family, including three children, wasmurdered – stoked passions and reinforced in Israeli minds the enduring nature of the threat they face.”  Here is the earliest attack against Israel from Hamas.  Hence, Hamas started the war. 

     The Brief mentions that Hamas’s terrorist allies, Islamic Jihad and multiple Salafi-Jihadi radicals, had also attacked Israel.  The Brief reports that Israel attacked Hamas to force the later to restrain their terror allies.  This is (Israeli) self-defense, as well.  That is because Hamas and the above named groups are allies and both take turns attacking Israelis.  Attacking Hamas was an excellent psychological and strategic move on Israel’s part.  It shows Hamas terrorists that they will suffer for the terrorist actions of their terrorist allies.

     The above accounts show Palestine’s Hamas leaders periodically re-starting new wars against Israel.  This shows through Hamas’s actions that they are not interested in a lasting peace with Israel—regardless of what Hamas leaders verbally claim.  Therefore, any peace treaties signed with Hamas warmongers will fail because Hamas will not honor the cease-fire permanently.  They will merely wait until peace negotiations grant them more Israeli concessions, recover from the last war and then re-attack Israel when it suits them. 

     To achieve peace, future UN Resolutions must explicitly demand the removal of Hamas terrorists from Palestine’s government (and the disarmament of Hizballah).  By contrast, past UN “Peace” Resolutions assisted both terrorist groups in attacking Israel at a future date. In his article, “UN Resolution Leaves Hizballah Intact”, Patrick Goodenough explains that Resolution 1559 (2004) and 1701 (2006) failed to require Hizballah’s disarmament.  Because the former left Hizballah in power (i.e. well-armed and operating), Hizballah attacked Israel again—with Hamas assistance—in the 2006 conflict.  After the 2006 battle, Resolution 1701 left Hamas alone to attack Israelis again in 2008.  In either case, a flawed peace resolution enabled Hamas and Hizballah to re-start the wars. 

     Only after Resolutions are made that oust Hamas and disarm Hizballah will peace talks succeed between a more legitimate Palestinian government and Israel.   Then, a permanent peace will be more likely since Palestine’s terrorist warmongers will not be present anymore. 

     However, Netanyahu’s misguided announcement that he will give more land to Palestine is not going to establish lasting peace since Hamas terrorists are still running Palestine’s government.  They will merely reap the benefits of Netanyahu’s concessions.  That has been occurring since Arafat’s PLO terrorists gained one-sided concessions from Israel after the Oslo Peace Accords. 

     Further, Obama’s idiotic demand that Israel revert back to its pre-‘67 borders with Palestine will not achieve lasting peace either.  That is because Obama’s proposal does not require the dethroning of Hamas as a pre-requisite to peace talks between Palestine and Israel.  Most importantly, shrinking Israel’s borders will make it extremely vulnerable to attack from Palestine, Syria, Egypt and Jordan.

     A smaller Israel tempted it’s neighbors into attacking it back in the 60’s or earlier.  It will cause more recurring wars in the future, if Obama has his way.  If Obama’s proposal and Netanyahu’s concessions actually happen, then more Israeli-Palestinian wars will recur in the future.      

 Difference between history and purana

The words ‘History’ and ‘Purana’ appear to have the same meaning but there are differences between the two. History is study of the events which have happened in the past, the past events of a nation which are related to its civilization, political administration, invasion, etc.

On the other hand, Puranas are the stories of different kingdoms and dynasties, which are very much in practice in India.  There are three main sub-divisions called SATTIVIKA of eighteen Puranas, of which RAJASIKA and TAMASIKA Puranas are related to Gods called VISHNU, BRAHMA and SHIVA.

Purana defines the festivals and rules and regulations related to the conduct of self-discipline and other practices. On the other hand, History is collection of the events which have happened under different king of different dynasties and kingdom.

History gives us the detailed account of cultural development of a particular country, whereas the Purana gives us the detailed information of religious development and particular tradition of the country like India.

History has its proofs which are based on the facts, but Pauranic events do not have any such proofs, rather they are based on the faiths and belief of people of the country. This is the main difference between History and Purana.

One big difference between the two is that historical figures have proofs of their existence, such as buildings, palaces, tombs, etc. On the other hand, Pauranic events do not have any such proof of their existence as they are based on supposition and assumptions, and there are no documents to prove them.

History is more to materialism, but Purana is more to spirituality and religion. In Purana there are descriptions of Gods and Goddesses, spirituals centers, places of worships, places of pilgrimage like Gaya and Kasi, etc.

History, on other hand, is filled with the description of wars, battles, achievements of various kings, constructed buildings, development in fields of art and construction etc. thus History is subjected to widely research.